scholarly journals Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Hoover ◽  
Kaili Liu ◽  
Trisha I. Valerio ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Priyabrata Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Tumor Killing ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Immune Stimulants ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Abstract Immunotherapy has provided a new avenue to treat metastatic cancers, which result in ∼90% of cancer related deaths. However, current immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), have met with limited success, primarily due to tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors that inhibit antitumor immune responses. To overcome the immune suppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance the tumoricidal activity of ICT, phototherapy, particularly photothermal therapy (PTT), combined with nanomedicine has become a viable option. PTT disrupts target tumor homeostasis, releasing tumor associated antigens (TAAs), tumor specific antigens (TSAs), danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and scarce nutrients required to “feed” activated antitumor immune cells. While nanoparticles localize and specify the phototherapeutic effect, they can also be loaded with immune stimulants, TME modulators, and/or chemotherapeutic agents to greatly enhance immune stimulation and tumor killing. Combining these three technologies, which we term nano-ablative immunotherapy (NAIT), with ICT can greatly enhance their therapeutic effects. In this review, we will discuss the successes and limitations of NAIT + ICT. Specifically, we will discuss how the TME limits tumoricidal activity and what should be considered to overcome these limitations.

scholarly journals Sequence-Defined Nanotubes Assembled from IR780-Conjugated Peptoids for Chemophototherapy of Malignant Glioma

Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Cai ◽  
Mingming Wang ◽  
Peng Mu ◽  
Tengyue Jian ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic System ◽  
Tube Forming ◽  
Tumor Killing ◽  
Combinational Treatment ◽  
Aggressive Tumors ◽  
The Brain

Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced phototherapy through NIR agents has demonstrated the great potential for cancer therapy. However, insufficient tumor killing due to the nonuniform heat or cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) distribution over tumors from phototherapy results in tumor recurrence and inferior outcomes. To achieve high tumor killing efficacy, one of the solutions is to employ the combinational treatment of phototherapy with other modalities, especially with chemotherapeutic agents. In this paper, a simple and effective multimodal therapeutic system was designed via combining chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to achieve the polytherapy of malignant glioma which is one of the most aggressive tumors in the brain. IR-780 (IR780) dye-labeled tube-forming peptoids (PepIR) were synthesized and self-assembled into crystalline nanotubes (PepIR nanotubes). These PepIR nanotubes showed an excellent efficacy for PDT/PTT because the IR780 photosensitizers were effectively packed and separated from each other within crystalline nanotubes by tuning IR780 density; thus, a self-quenching of these IR780 molecules was significantly reduced. Moreover, the efficient DOX loading achieved due to the nanotube large surface area contributed to an efficient and synergistic chemotherapy against glioma cells. Given the unique properties of peptoids and peptoid nanotubes, we believe that the developed multimodal DOX-loaded PepIR nanotubes in this work offer great promises for future glioma therapy in clinic.

scholarly journals Facile fabricating of rGO and Au/rGO nanocomposites using Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes biomass for non-invasive approach in cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Yousefimehr ◽  
Saeed Jafarirad ◽  
Roya Salehi ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Zakerhamidi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Au Nps

AbstractIn this study, we report a facile green-synthesis route for the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using biomass of Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (B. oleracea). In addition, we have attempted to provide a green synthesis approach to prepare Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the surface of rGO by using stem extract of B. oleracea. The synthesized Au/rGO nanocomposite was evaluated using UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, EDX, AFM and DLS techniques. The obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized Au NPs on the surface of rGO was spherical with sizes ranging about 12–18 nm. The Au/rGO NC was, also, developed as photo-synthesizer system for the photothermal therapy (PTT) of MCF7 breast cancer cells. The near-infrared (NIR) photothermal properties of Au/rGO NCs was evaluated using a continuous laser at 808 nm with power densities of 1 W.cm−2. Their photothermal efficacy on MCF7 breast cancer cells after optimizing the proper concentration of the NCs were evaluated by MTT assay, Cell cycle and DAPI staining. In addition, the potential of the synthesized Au/rGO NCs on reactive oxygen species generating and antioxidant activity were assessed by DPPH. Au/rGO NCs possess high capacity to light-to-heat conversion for absorption in range NIR light, and it is able to therapeutic effects on MCF7 cells at a low concentration. The maximum amount of cell death is 40.12% which was observed in treatment groups that received a combination of Au/rGO NCs and laser irradiation. The results demonstrate that the nanomaterials synthesized by green approach lead to efficient destruction of cancer cell and might thus serve as an excellent theranostic agent in Photothermal therapy applications.

2007 George L. Duff Memorial Lecture—The Immune Response in Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran K. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Lipoprotein Retention

Immune responses participate in every phase of atherosclerosis. Indeed, atherosclerosis can be viewed as an immune/inflammatory response to lipoprotein retention in the artery wall. There is increasing evidence that both adaptive and innate immunity tightly regulate the atherosclerotic process. Specific antigens and pathogen-like molecular patterns initiate the 2 aspects of immunity by ligating T- and B-cell receptors and pattern recognition receptors, respectively. Effector responses of vascular immune reactions include macrophage activation, cellular immunity, antibody formation, and vascular inflammation. Whereas experimental studies in gene-targeted models have identified major roles for innate immunity and Th1 responses in plaque initiation and progression, clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies suggest that plaque activation, rupture, and atherothrombosis also depend on immune reactions. This lecture will focus on the role of immune mechanisms in the formation and activation of atherosclerotic plaques.

scholarly journals Recognition of tumor cells by Dectin-1 orchestrates innate immune cells for anti-tumor responses

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiho Chiba ◽  
Hiroaki Ikushima ◽  
Hiroshi Ueki ◽  
Hideyuki Yanai ◽  
Yoshitaka Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Tumor Killing

The eradication of tumor cells requires communication to and signaling by cells of the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential tumor-killing effector cells of the innate immune system; however, little is known about whether or how other immune cells recognize tumor cells to assist NK cells. Here, we show that the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 expressed on dendritic cells and macrophages is critical to NK-mediated killing of tumor cells that express N-glycan structures at high levels. Receptor recognition of these tumor cells causes the activation of the IRF5 transcription factor and downstream gene induction for the full-blown tumoricidal activity of NK cells. Consistent with this, we show exacerbated in vivo tumor growth in mice genetically deficient in either Dectin-1 or IRF5. The critical contribution of Dectin-1 in the recognition of and signaling by tumor cells may offer new insight into the anti-tumor immune system with therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Hydrophobic Modifications of Glycol Chitosan into Amphiphilic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3693-3703
Author(s):  
Wai Mun Chong ◽  
Erazuliana Abd Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Glycol Chitosan ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Amphiphilic Nanoparticles

Glycol chitosan (GC) is the chitosan derivative that is capable of forming amphiphilic nanoparticles upon structure modifications at the reactive functional amine group on the polymer sugar backbone. Owing to the hydrophilic feature of GC and hydrophobic moieties that can be added to the GC structure, modifiable nanosystems were constructed to entrap poorly soluble drugs, mostly chemotherapeutic agents and several anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic, immunosuppressant, and antifungal drugs for more efficient delivery of the payload to the target site and improving the intended therapeutic effects. This review highlights the various hydrophobic molecules used in the chemical modification of GC to create amphiphilic nanoparticles for hydrophobic drug delivery, along with the summary of their physicochemical criteria and successful therapeutic enhancement achieved with the application of the drug-loaded amphiphiles. The biodegradable, GC-based nanoparticles particularly having the inner hydrophobic core and outer hydrophilic shell are an efficient system for drug entrapment, protection and targeting to improve the bioavailability and safety of the drug, in particular for cancer treatment purposes. The significant drug delivery enhancements achieved by these various hydrophobically-modified GC nanoparticles may provide the insights for their further use in nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Mucin-1 (MUC1) as a promising molecular target in anticancer therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gornowicz ◽  
Anna Bielawska ◽  
Bożena Popławska ◽  
Krzysztof Bielawski
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mucin 1 ◽  
Shock Proteins

Mucin 1 (MUC1) has been recognized by the National Cancer Institute as one of the most promising molecular targets in cancer therapy. Its overexpression has been demonstrated in many epithelial tumors,especially in breast cancer, whichis associated with poor prognosis. Mucin 1 is an important barrier to the penetration of drugs and takes part in the inhibition of apoptosis in tumor cells. MUC1 triggers the activation of several pathways of intracellular signaling. MUC1 interactions with ICAM-1, E-selectin, galectin-3, EGFR, ERα estrogen receptor, p53 protein, heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90 have been demonstrated. The MUC1 membrane subunit contributes to the activation of the ERK1 and ERK2 kinases by the induction of the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk pathway. In addition, the role of MUC1 in the activation of the WNT/β-catenin/TCF7L2 pathway and the induction of transcription of the cyclin D1 gene was confirmed. Numerous studies have shown that blockade of MUC1 by monoclonal antibodies or small molecule inhibitors may promote therapeutic effects and contribute to increased susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The combined effect of the anti-MUC1 antibody with novel anticancer agents may have a better therapeutic effect than monotherapy. This article reviews the current knowledge about the role of MUC1 in the development and progression of cancer as well as potential novel strategies based on mucin 1 in antineoplastic therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical therapeutic effects of combined methotrexate and other chemotherapeutic agents in treating children and young patients with osteosarcoma

Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (17) ◽  
pp. e25564
Author(s):  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Zhinan Ren ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Panke Zhang ◽  
Shuyan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

scholarly journals Targeting CXCR2 inhibits the progression of lung cancer and promotes therapeutic effect of cisplatin

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Fei Mo ◽  
Qingfang Li ◽  
Xuejiao Han ◽  
Houhui Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation

Abstract Background Drug-resistance and severe side effects of chemotherapeutic agents result in unsatisfied survival of patients with lung cancer. CXCLs/CXCR2 axis plays an important role in progression of cancer including lung cancer. However, the specific anti-cancer mechanism of targeting CXCR2 remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCR2 was performed on the microarray of tumor tissues of clinical lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. CCK8 test, TUNEL immunofluorescence staining, PI-Annexin V staining, β-galactosidase staining, and Western blot were used to verify the role of CXCR2 in vitro. Animal models of tail vein and subcutaneous injection were applied to investigate the therapeutic role of targeting CXCR2. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed for further mechanistic investigation. Results The expression of CXCR2 was elevated in both human lung cancer stroma and tumor cells, which was associated with patients’ prognosis. Inhibition of CXCR2 promoted apoptosis, senescence, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and anti-proliferation of lung cancer cells. In vivo study showed that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were significantly infiltrate into tumor tissues of mouse model, with up-regulated CXCLs/CXCR2 signaling and suppressive molecules, including Arg-1 and TGF-β. SB225002, a selective inhibitor of CXCR2 showed promising therapeutic effect, and significantly reduced infiltration of neutrophils and enhanced anti-tumor T cell activity via promoting CD8+ T cell activation. Meanwhile, blockade of CXCR2 could enhance therapeutic effect of cisplatin via regulation of neutrophils infiltration. Conclusions Our finds verify the therapeutic effects of targeting CXCR2 in lung cancer and uncover the potential mechanism for the increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents by antagonists of CXCR2.

scholarly journals Predicting and Quantifying Antagonistic Effects of Natural Compounds Given with Chemotherapeutic Agents: Applications for High-Throughput Screening

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3714
Author(s):  
G. Lavender Hackman ◽  
Meghan Collins ◽  
Xiyuan Lu ◽  
Alessia Lodi ◽  
John DiGiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

Natural products have been used for centuries to treat various human ailments. In recent decades, multi-drug combinations that utilize natural products to synergistically enhance the therapeutic effects of cancer drugs have been identified and have shown success in improving treatment outcomes. While drug synergy research is a burgeoning field, there are disagreements on the definitions and mathematical parameters that prevent the standardization and proper usage of the terms synergy, antagonism, and additivity. This contributes to the relatively small amount of data on the antagonistic effects of natural products on cancer drugs that can diminish their therapeutic efficacy and prevent cancer regression. The ability of natural products to potentially degrade or reverse the molecular activity of cancer therapeutics represents an important but highly under-emphasized area of research that is often overlooked in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review aims to evaluate the body of work surrounding the antagonistic interactions between natural products and cancer therapeutics and highlight applications for high-throughput screening (HTS) and deep learning techniques for the identification of natural products that antagonize cancer drug efficacy.

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