scholarly journals A Brief Review on Hydrophobic Modifications of Glycol Chitosan into Amphiphilic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3693-3703
Author(s):  
Wai Mun Chong ◽  
Erazuliana Abd Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Glycol Chitosan ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Amphiphilic Nanoparticles

Glycol chitosan (GC) is the chitosan derivative that is capable of forming amphiphilic nanoparticles upon structure modifications at the reactive functional amine group on the polymer sugar backbone. Owing to the hydrophilic feature of GC and hydrophobic moieties that can be added to the GC structure, modifiable nanosystems were constructed to entrap poorly soluble drugs, mostly chemotherapeutic agents and several anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic, immunosuppressant, and antifungal drugs for more efficient delivery of the payload to the target site and improving the intended therapeutic effects. This review highlights the various hydrophobic molecules used in the chemical modification of GC to create amphiphilic nanoparticles for hydrophobic drug delivery, along with the summary of their physicochemical criteria and successful therapeutic enhancement achieved with the application of the drug-loaded amphiphiles. The biodegradable, GC-based nanoparticles particularly having the inner hydrophobic core and outer hydrophilic shell are an efficient system for drug entrapment, protection and targeting to improve the bioavailability and safety of the drug, in particular for cancer treatment purposes. The significant drug delivery enhancements achieved by these various hydrophobically-modified GC nanoparticles may provide the insights for their further use in nanomedicine.

Nanomaterials for Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drugs: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Choudhary ◽  
Pubalee Sarmah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Developing Area

: Application of nanomaterials in drug delivery is a rapidly developing area of interest. The main intention in the development of these drug delivery vehicles is to successfully know the targeted delivery-related efforts and carrying drugs to the required sites of therapeutic action with reduction in adverse side effects. The task for targeted drug delivery to reach pathological are-as has increased advances in nanomedicine. But the high toxicity of uncoated nanoparticles restricts the use in humans. So, to reduce toxicity, the encapsulation of nanoparticles is done with bio compatible materials. There are many efficient delivery systems thathave been developed in which nanoparticles are loaded with the cancer drug involvingbi-layer molecules. The fields of nanotechnology has always played a crucial role in electronics, biology and medicine. Its application can be ap-praised, as it involves the materials to be designed at atomic and molecular level.This article reviews different types of nano- materials used as delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutic agents and their mechanism of action that improve the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. The recent scientific advances in the area of chemotherapy are also discussed with emphasizingthe fu-ture prospects in cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Insights into Multifunctional Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Glioblastoma Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2262
Author(s):  
Mohd Khan ◽  
Subuhi Sherwani ◽  
Saif Khan ◽  
Sultan Alouffi ◽  
Mohammad Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Microvascular Proliferation

Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive cancer with high microvascular proliferation, resulting in accelerated invasion and diffused infiltration into the surrounding brain tissues with very low survival rates. Treatment options are often multimodal, such as surgical resection with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The development of resistance of tumor cells to radiation in the areas of hypoxia decreases the efficiency of such treatments. Additionally, the difficulty of ensuring drugs effectively cross the natural blood–brain barrier (BBB) substantially reduces treatment efficiency. These conditions concomitantly limit the efficacy of standard chemotherapeutic agents available for GB. Indeed, there is an urgent need of a multifunctional drug vehicle system that has potential to transport anticancer drugs efficiently to the target and can successfully cross the BBB. In this review, we summarize some nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics attached to GB cells with antigens and membrane receptors for site-directed drug targeting. Such multicore drug delivery systems are potentially biodegradable, site-directed, nontoxic to normal cells and offer long-lasting therapeutic effects against brain cancer. These models could have better therapeutic potential for GB as well as efficient drug delivery reaching the tumor milieu. The goal of this article is to provide key considerations and a better understanding of the development of nanotherapeutics with good targetability and better tolerability in the fight against GB.

scholarly journals Dual-responsive Gemini Micelles for Efficient Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Choi ◽  
Eun-sook Choi ◽  
Kwan Mun ◽  
Se Lee ◽  
Sung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Dual Responsive ◽  
Intracellular Drug Delivery ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Oxidation Of Methionine

Polymeric micelles as drug delivery vehicles are popular owing to several advantages. In this study, a gemini amphiphile (gemini mPEG-Cys-PMT) consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) and hydrophobic poly(methionine) with cystine disulfide spacer was synthesized and its micellar properties for thiol- or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent intracellular drug delivery were described. The cleavage of cystine linkage in a redox environment or the oxidation of methionine units in a ROS environment caused the destabilization of micelles. Such redox- or ROS-triggered micellar destabilization led to enhanced release of encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) to induce cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Further, the therapeutic effects of the DOX-loaded micelles were demonstrated using the KB cell line. This study shows that thiol and ROS dual-responsive gemini micelles are promising platforms for nano-drug delivery in various cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Niosome-loaded antifungal drugs as an effective nanocarrier system: A mini review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Osanloo ◽  
Sara Assadpour ◽  
Ahmad Mehravaran ◽  
Mahdi Abastabar ◽  
Javad Akhtari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A

Skin is an important organ of the body due to offering an accessible and convenient site for drug administration. One of the disadvantages of transdermal drug delivery is the low penetration rate of drugs through the skin. Over the past decades, nanoparticles have been used as drug delivery systems to increase therapeutic effects or reduce toxicity. Encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticulate vesicles simplifies the transports of drugs into and across the skin.Niosome nanoparticles are among these drug delivery systems, which have numerous applications in drug delivery and targeting. Niosomes are frequently used for loading drugs serving different purposes (e.g., anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial agents). In recent years, there has been much research on the use of niosomal systems for the delivery of fungal drugs. A review of the literature investigating the advantages of niosomes in antifungal drug delivery can elucidate the efficiency and superiority of this nanocarrier over other nanocarriers.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MICROSPHERES IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: PREPARATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
VASUNDHRA KAKKAR ◽  
SHAHID UD DIN WANI ◽  
SURYA PRAKASH GAUTAM ◽  
ZULFKAR LATIEF QADRIE
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Biological Half Life ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Bio Compatibility ◽  
Novel Drug

Microsphere based drug delivery system has gained substantial attention in the modern era. Microspheres are normally free-flowing powders that can be made with both natural and synthetic polymers. The sizes of the microspheres ranges from 1 to 1000 µm. Microspheres are matrix systems in which the drug is uniformly dispersed, dissolved or suspended. Microspheres contain solid or liquid drug dissolved or dispersed in a matrix system. The current review provides an inclusive outline of up to date and novel developments on formations of microspheres which have been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug. Microsphere provides efficient delivery of various proteins and peptide molecules. There are different types of microspheres such as bio adhesive microsphere, magnetic microsphere, floating microsphere, and polymeric microspheres. Diverse kinds of methods are used in the formulation of microsphere e. g. Simple emulsion-based method, Double emulsion-based method, Interfacial deposition technique, Interfacial polymerization technique, Phase separation method, and Spray drying. Microspheres deliver the drug in a controlled manner through different routes like oral, topical, naso-pulmonary and gene therapy. The Polymeric based microspheres are model carriers for numerous controlled delivery applications owing to their capacity to encapsulate a diversity of drugs, bio-compatibility, high bio-availability and continuous drug release character. Therefore, by developing newer techniques, it can give more therapeutic effects and improves the safety of drugs. The formation of microspheres has been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug.

scholarly journals A Review on Nano-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Mu ◽  
Qihui Chu ◽  
Yongjun Liu ◽  
Na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Powerful Strategy

AbstractAlthough notable progress has been made on novel cancer treatments, the overall survival rate and therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory for cancer patients. Chemoimmunotherapy, combining chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutic drugs, has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, with the advantages of cooperating two kinds of treatment mechanism, reducing the dosage of the drug and enhancing therapeutic effect. Moreover, nano-based drug delivery system (NDDS) was applied to encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents and exhibited outstanding properties such as targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment response and site-specific release. Several nanocarriers have been approved in clinical cancer chemotherapy and showed significant improvement in therapeutic efficiency compared with traditional formulations, such as liposomes (Doxil®, Lipusu®), nanoparticles (Abraxane®) and micelles (Genexol-PM®). The applications of NDDS to chemoimmunotherapy would be a powerful strategy for future cancer treatment, which could greatly enhance the therapeutic efficacy, reduce the side effects and optimize the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Herein, the current approaches of cancer immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy were discussed, and recent advances of NDDS applied for chemoimmunotherapy were further reviewed.

Self-microemulsion Technology for Water-insoluble Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Yan ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Poorly Soluble Drugs ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Water Insoluble Drug ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Solidification Technology

: According to the drug discovery, approximately 40% of the new chemical entities show poor bioavailability due to their low aqueous solubility. In order to increase the solubility of the drugs, self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are considered as an ideal technology for enhancing the permeability of poorly soluble drugs in GI membranes. The SMEDDS are also generally used to enhance the oral bioavailability of the hydrophobic drugs. At present, most of the self-microemulsion drugs are liquid dosage forms, which could cause some disadvantages, such as the low bioavailability of the traditional liquid SMEDDS. Therefore, solid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS) have emerged widely in recent years, which were prepared by solidifying a semi-solid or liquid self-emulsifying (SE) ingredient into a powder in order to improve stability, treatment and patient compliance. The article gives a comprehensive introduction of the study of SMEDDS which could effectively tackle the problem of the water-insoluble drug, especially the development of solidification technology of SMEDDS. Finally, the present challenges and the prospects in this field were also discussed.

The Smart Dual-Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Controlled AntiTumor Drug Release and Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wu ◽  
Fei Qiu ◽  
Siew Anthony Wai-Keong ◽  
Yong Diao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Excellent Control

Background: In recent years, the emergence of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles makes drug delivery more efficient. As an intelligent and effective targeted delivery platform, it can reduce the side effects generated during drug transportation while enhancing the treatment efficacy. The stimuli-responsive nanoparticles can respond to different stimuli at corresponding times and locations to deliver and release their drugs and associated therapeutic effects. Objective: This review aims to inform researchers on the latest advances in the application of dual-stimuli responsive nanoparticles in precise drug delivery, with special attention to their design, drug release properties, and therapeutic effects. Syntheses of nanoparticles with simultaneous or sequential responses to two or more stimuli (pH-redox, pH-light, redoxlight, temperature-magnetic, pH-redox-temperature, redox-enzyme-light, etc.) and the applications of such responsivity properties for drugs control and release have become a hot topic of recent research. Methods: A database of relevant information for the production of this review was sourced, screened and analyzed from Pubmed, Web of Science, SciFinder by searching for the following keywords: “dual-stimuli responsive”, “controlled release”, “cancer therapy”, “synergistic treatment”. Results: Notably, the nanoparticles with dual-stimuli responsive function have an excellent control effect on drug delivery and release, playing a crucial part in the treatment of tumors. They can improve the encapsulation and delivery efficiency of hydrophobic chemotherapy drugs, combine chemo-photothermal therapies, apply imaging function in the diagnosis of tumors and even conduct multi-drugs delivery to overcome multi-drugs resistance (MDR). Conclusion: With the development of smart dual-stimuli responsive nanoparticles, cancer treatment methods will become more diverse and effective. All the stimuli-responsive nanoparticles functionalities exhibited their characteristics individually within the single nanosystem.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems of RNAi in Cancer Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
Diedie Li ◽  
Chengzhi Gao ◽  
Meiyan Kuang ◽  
Minhao Xu ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Rnai Therapeutics ◽  
Cellular Machinery ◽  
Tumor Delivery

RNA interference (RNAi) can mediate gene-silencing by knocking down the expression of a target gene via cellular machinery with much higher efficiency in contrast to other antisense-based approaches which represents an emerging therapeutic strategy for combating cancer. Distinct characters of nanoparticles, such as distinctive size, are fundamental for the efficient delivery of RNAi therapeutics, allowing for higher targeting and safety. In this review, we present the mechanism of RNAi and briefly describe the hurdles and concerns of RNAi as a cancer treatment approach in systemic delivery. Furthermore, the current nanovectors for effective tumor delivery of RNAi therapeutics are classified, and the characteristics of different nanocarriers are summarized.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of EGF-modified curcumin/chitosan nano-spray on wound healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
QingQing Leng ◽  
XianLun Pang ◽  
Huan Shi ◽  
YanLin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Skin Defects ◽  
Post Operation

Abstract Dermal injury, including trauma, surgical incisions, and burns, remain the most prevalent socio-economical health care issue in the clinic. Nanomedicine represents a reliable administration strategy that can promote the healing of skin lesions, but the lack of effective drug delivery methods can limit its effectiveness. In this study, we developed a novel nano-drug delivery system to treat skin defects through spraying. We prepared curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles modified with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to develop an aqueous EGF-modified spray (EGF@CCN) for the treatment of dermal wounds. In vitro assays showed that the EGF@CCN displayed low cytotoxicity, and that curcumin was continuously and slowly released from the EGF@CCN. In vivo efficacy on wound healing was then evaluated using full-thickness dermal defect models in Wistar rats, showing that the EGF@CCN had significant advantages in promoting wound healing. On day 12 post-operation, skin defects in the rats of the EGF@CCN group were almost completely restored. These effects were related to the activity of curcumin and EGF on skin healing, and the high compatibility of the nano formulation. We therefore conclude that the prepared nano-scaled EGF@CCN spray represents a promising strategy for the treatment of dermal wounds.

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