Extraction, characterization and biological activity of citrus flavonoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Sharma ◽  
Neelima Mahato ◽  
Yong Rok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Underground Water Table

Abstract Citrus is one of the largest and most popular fruit crops commercially grown across the globe. It is not only important in terms of economy but is also popular for its nutritional benefits to human and farm animals. Citrus is available in several varieties, all with attractive colors. It is consumed either fresh or in processed form. After processing, approximately 50% of the fruit remains unconsumed and discarded as waste. The latter includes fruit pith residue, peels and seeds. Direct disposal of these wastes to the environment causes serious problems as these contain bioactive compounds. Release of these bioactive compounds to the open landfills cause bad odor and spread of diseases, and disposal to water bodies or seepage to the underground water table deteriorates water quality and harms aquatic life. In this regard, a number of research are being focused on the development of better reuse methods to obtain value-added phytochemicals as well as for safe disposal. The important phytochemicals obtained from citrus include essential oils, flavonoids, citric acid, pectin, etc., which have now become popular topics in industrial research, food and synthetic chemistry. The present article reviews recent advances in exploring the effects of flavonoids obtained from citrus wastes, the extraction procedure and their usage in view of various health benefits.

scholarly journals Developments on the Bioactive Compounds and Food Uses of the Tubers: Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott (Taro) and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L) Schott (Tannia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
C. J. Mba ◽  
H. O. Agu
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Two varieties of Cocoyam Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott (Taro) and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L) Schott (Tannia) are experiencing renewed interest not only in Africa but also in the rest of the world. They are considered to be cheaper sources of carbohydrates than cereals or other bulbous crops because of their high calorie yield per hectare, low production costs, and relatively low susceptibility to insect and pest infestation. In addition to their nutritional benefits, they contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, proteins, mucilage, polysaccharides, lipids and anti-polyphenol antioxidants. These bioactive compounds have been shown to provide consumers with health benefits such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and dyslipemic properties. Interestingly, you don't need to consume the raw tubers or leaves to get these numerous health benefits, as the different parts of the plants which are nutrient-dense, have been used in various food applications such as flour, chips, poi, syrup, weaning foods for babies, local delicacies, and starch production. These products compete favourably with products from other root and tuber crops. Therefore, this article describes various value-added products made from Cocoyam that can be consumed to reap the numerous health benefits associated with consuming Cocoyam.

Bee collected pollen as a value-added product rich in bioactive compounds and unsaturated fatty acids: A comparative study from Turkey and Romania

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111925
Author(s):  
Rodica Mărgăoan ◽  
Aslı Özkök ◽  
Şaban Keskin ◽  
Nazlı Mayda ◽  
Adriana Cristina Urcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Value Added ◽  
A Value

Rhododendron arboreum: A critical review on phytochemicals, health benefits and applications in the food processing industrie

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simple Sharma ◽  
Sahil Chaudhary ◽  
Archu Harchanda
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Rhododendron Arboreum ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

: Rhododendron is a resourceful, evergreen shrub or a small tree with an ornate display of scarlet red or pale pink flowers that belongs to the family Ericaceae. Rhododendron plants are traditionally being used for the medicinal treatment of numerous human ailments like blood dysentery, headache, asthma, cough, stomachache, fever, inflammation, and fungal infections. Rhododendron also has economic, medicinal, and pharmacological importance. Rhododendron has been regarded as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Apart from aesthetic and sacred values, from past times, Rhododendron juice was prepared from the flowers to curb allergies, treat diabetes, and to deal with inflammations. Recent studies have shown several promising activities particularly relaxant, digestive enzyme, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, anticancer, and antagonistic effects. With the rapidly growing popularity of Rhododendron arboreum it is important to have a comprehensive reference for its nutritional benefits with the growing search for natural and health foods. This work aimed to review the recent advances in research carried out to date for purposive evaluation of nutritional quality and potential health benefits of Rhododendron arboreum for its utilization in food processing industries for composing novel value-added products, to achieve high consumer acceptability and health benefits.

Value-Added Products From Food Waste

2021 ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
Baban Baburao Gunjal
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Value Added Products

Food waste is the most challenging issue humankind is facing worldwide. Food waste, which consists of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and inorganic compounds, is a biodegradable waste discharged from food processing industries, households, and hospitality sectors. The management of food waste is very important. The food waste generated is usually incinerated or dumped in open areas which may cause severe health and environmental issues. The management of food waste can be done by conversion to different value-added products, for example, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, food supplements, livestock feed, dietary fibers, biopigments and colorants, emulsifiers, edible and essential oils, biopreservatives, biofertilizers, biofuels, and single cell proteins. The value-added products from food waste will be very eco-friendly. The chapter will focus on different value-added products from food waste.

scholarly journals Evolution of Secondary Deformations Captured by Satellite Radar Interferometry: Case Study of an Abandoned Coal Basin in SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Kopec ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Karolina Owczarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Coal Fields

The issue of monitoring surface motions in post-mining areas in Europe is important due to the fact that a significant number of post-mining areas lie in highly-urbanized and densely-populated regions. Examples can be found in: Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, as well as the subject of this study, the Polish Walbrzych Hard Coal Basin. Studies of abandoned coal fields show that surface deformations in post-mining areas occur even several dozen years after the end of underground coal extraction, posing a threat to new development of these areas. In the case of the Walbrzych area, fragmentary, geodetic measurements indicate activity of the surface in the post-mining period (from 1995 onward). In this work, we aimed at determining the evolution of surface deformations in time during the first 15 years after the end of mining, i.e., the 1995–2010 period using ERS 1/2 and Envisat satellite radar data. Satellite radar data from European Space Agency missions are the only source of information on historical surface movements and provide spatial coverage of the entirety of the coal fields. In addition, we attempted to analyze the relationship of the ground deformations with hydrogeological changes and geological and mining data. Three distinct stages of ground movements were identified in the study. The ground motions (LOS (Line Of Sight)) determined with the PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) method indicate uplift of the surface of up to +8 mm/a in the first period (until 2002). The extent and rate of this motion was congruent with the process of underground water table restoration in separate water basins associated with three neighboring coal fields. In the second period, after the stabilization of the underground water table, the surface remained active, as indicated by local subsidence (up to −5 mm/a) and uplift (up to +5 mm/a) zones. We hypothesize that this surface activity is the result of ground reaction disturbed by long-term shallow and deep mining. The third stage is characterized by gradual stabilization and decreasing deformations of the surface. The results accentuate the complexity of ground motion processes in post-mining areas, the advantages of the satellite radar technique for historical studies, and provide information for authorities responsible for new development of such areas, e.g., regarding potential flood zones caused by restoration of groundwater table in subsided areas.

scholarly journals An Extension of Taylor’s φ-Circle Method and Some Stability Charts for Submerged Slopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Luanhua Dong ◽  
Xiaowen Gao ◽  
Tonglu Li ◽  
Xiaokun Hou
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Circle Method ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Submerged Condition ◽  
Stability Calculation ◽  
Critical Failure Surface ◽  
Underground Water Table

Taylor’s φ-circle method is a classical method for slope stability calculation, which has analytical solutions. Taylor derived equations in two cases separately, namely, (i) the outlet of the critical failure surface is at the slope toe and (ii) the outlet of the failure surfaces is not at the slope toe. The method is only appropriate for two conditions (without underground water table in slopes or totally submerged slopes). In this study, a general equation that unifies the equations of the two cases is proposed and partially submerged condition is introduced. The critical failure surfaces corresponding to the minimum factor of safety are determined using the computer program proposed by the authors. The general expression of the safety factor of slopes under the following four conditions is derived, namely, (i) partly submerged, (ii) completely submerged, (iii) water sudden drawdown, and (iv) water slow drawdown. The corresponding charts for practical use are available.

scholarly journals Towards a Zero-Waste Biorefinery Using Edible Oils as Solvents for the Green Extraction of Volatile and Non-Volatile Bioactive Compounds from Rosemary

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Kunnitee Bundeesomchok ◽  
Njara Rakotomanomana ◽  
Anne-Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier ◽  
Romain Bott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Soybean Oils

The zero-waste biorefinery concept inspired a green oleo-extraction of both natural volatile (e.g., borneol, camphor, o-cymene, eucalyptol, limonene, α-pinene, and terpinen-4-ol) and non-volatile (e.g., carnosol, carnosic, and rosmarinic acid) bioactive compounds from rosemary leaves with vegetable oils and their amphiphilic derivatives as simple food-grade solvents. It is noteworthy that soybean oil could obtain the highest total phenolic compounds (TPCs) among 12 refined oils including grapeseed, rapeseed, peanut, sunflower, olive, avocado, almond, apricot, corn, wheat germ, and hazelnut oils. Furthermore, the addition of oil derivatives to soybean oils, such as glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), diglycerides, and soy lecithin in particular, could not only significantly enhance the oleo-extraction of non-volatile antioxidants by 66.7% approximately, but also help to remarkably improve the solvation of volatile aroma compounds (VACs) by 16% in refined soybean oils. These experimental results were in good consistency with their relative solubilities predicted by the more sophisticated COSMO-RS (COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) simulation. This simple procedure of using vegetable oils and their derivatives as bio-based solvents for simultaneously improving the extraction yield of natural antioxidants and flavors from rosemary showed its great potential in up-scaling with the integration of green techniques (ultrasound, microwave, etc.) for zero-waste biorefinery from biomass waste to high value-added extracts in future functional food and cosmetic applications.

scholarly journals Valorization of Mushroom By-Products as a Source of Value-Added Compounds and Potential Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Antunes ◽  
Sara Marçal ◽  
Oludemi Taofiq ◽  
Alcina M. M. B. Morais ◽  
Ana Cristina Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
By Products

Nowadays, the food sector is highly concerned with environmental issues and foreseen to develop strategies to reduce waste and losses resulting from activities developed in the food system. An approach is to increment added value to the agro-industrial wastes, which might provide economic growth and environmental protection, contributing to a circular economy. Mushroom by-products represent a disposal problem, but they are also promising sources of important compounds, which may be used due to their functional and nutritional properties. Research has been developed in different fields to obtain value added solutions for the by-products generated during mushroom production and processing. Bioactive compounds have been obtained and applied in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, other applications have been explored and include animal feed, fertilizer, bioremediation, energy production, bio-based materials, cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant composition of mushroom by-products and discuss their potential as a source of functional compounds and other applications. Future research needs to explore pilot and industrial scale extraction methods to understand the technological feasibility and the economic sustainability of the bioactive compounds extraction and valorization towards different applications.

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