The Political Economy of Sectoral Credit Provisioning in India: An Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Kohli
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Contributions ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Incumbent Party ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Governmental Control

Abstract Electoral dynamics is believed to have a direct bearing on the scope of governmental control over the supply of credit to different economic sectors. This paper attempts to examine the impact of opportunistic electoral manipulations, ideological beliefs and political lobbying on the supply of agricultural and industrial credit across the Indian states. The findings indicate that more competitive elections are associated with increases in credit provision. An incumbent party with a more liberal ideology is found to provide greater average credit to agriculture relative to industry. Finally, an increase in the political contributions provided to an incumbent state government is found to entail greater industrial credit and lower agricultural credit, on an average.

Do Party Systems Count?

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Chhibber ◽  
Irfan Nooruddin
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
State Government ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Impact

Delivery of public goods varies significantly across the Indian states. This article argues that differences in state government expenditures are largely the result of differences in their party systems. Using macroeconomic data from 1967 to 1997 as well as postelection voter surveys, we demonstrate that states with two-party competition provide more public goods than states with multiparty competition, which, we argue, reflects differing mobilization strategies. In two-party systems, political parties require support from many social groups and therefore provide public goods to win elections. In multiparty systems, needing only a plurality of votes to win, parties use club, rather than public, goods to mobilize smaller segments of the population. In stressing the impact of party systems on state government performance in India, this article differs from recent political economy research, which has stressed either the effect of particular political parties or ethnic divisions on government performance and public goods delivery.

scholarly journals Inter-Election Vote Swings for the Turkish Ruling Party: The Impact of Economic Performance and Other Factors

Equilibrium ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali T. Akarca
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Strategic Voting ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Incumbency Advantage ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Political Realignment ◽  
Incumbent Party ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ruling Party

Inter-election vote swings for the AKP, the incumbent party inTurkey, during 2002, 2004, 2007, 2009 and 2011 elections are decomposed into parts attributable to economic conditions, strategic voting, cost of ruling, incumbency advantage, political realignment and other factors. For this purpose a vote equation, fitted to data covering twenty-seven National Assembly, Senate, and Provincial Council elections, held between 1950 and 2011 is used. The results show the pivotal role played by the economy on the political fortunes of incumbent parties.

scholarly journals COVID-19: a decision-making approach for evaluating the economic sectors of india during pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045-2060
Author(s):  
Srikant Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Growing Population

The advent of COVID-19 has escalated into a pandemic and, as a result of infected cases and human fatalities, it tends to rise day by day across the globe. This also ignited concerns of a looming fiscal slump and recession on the different economic sectors as well. The effect of this pandemic is much more significant in developing countries like India due to the already declining growth rate, inadequate health services, and a growing population residing in severe poverty.  This paper attempts to understand the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the Indian economic sectors by employing a hierarchical approach, based on multi-criteria analysis to understand the impact on primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors by concerning the political, economic, socio‐cultural and technology consequences of COVID‐19. A process-based multi-criteria hierarchical approach has been used to determine the effect of the same and has been prioritized in the sequential sequence.

A Theory of Constrained Redistricting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Voting Rights Act ◽  
Partisan Bias ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Fundamental Tension ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the theoretical argument that congressional redistricting, whether by a single party or by other means, is a fundamentally constrained activity, along with the implications of these constraints for both partisan bias and electoral responsiveness. Four categories of constraints on the redistricting process are discussed: political constraints, legal constraints, structural constraints, and geographic constraints. The chapter considers a necessary condition for the implementation of partisan gerrymandering: one political party should control each of the political branches of state government (both legislative chambers and the governorship) at the time of reapportionment following the decennial census. It also examines the argument that the redrawing of electoral boundaries is also constrained by the fundamental tension between the competing interests of partisan advantage and incumbent protection; the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and population migration on the redistricting process; and how partisan bias arises under a limited set of circumstances.

scholarly journals Distribuição e concentração espacial do estoque de emprego nas atividades essenciais no Maranhão: uma proposta a partir da distribuição espacial

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Wilson França Ribeiro Filho ◽  
João Carlos Souza Marques ◽  
Ricardo Zimbrão Affonso De Paula
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
State Government ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Principal Measure ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Temporary Closure

RESUMO Como principal medida de enfrentamento ao COVID-19, o fechamento temporário das atividades econômicas não essenciais teve como objetivo evitar aglomerações em espaços urbanos que acelerassem a taxa de contágio viral, atrasando um possível aprofundamento do cenário pandêmico mundial no Brasil. Contudo, esta medida adotada não obteve uma aceitação ampla por parte da classe política, do empresariado e dos trabalhadores que se viram em um cenário de brusca redução do nível de renda e emprego nacional. Deste modo, partindo do estado do Maranhão como referencial econômico-espacial, faz-se uma análise da distribuição espacial dos setores econômicos, utilizando o estoque de emprego formal com base nos dados da RAIS para o ano de 2018, priorizando os setores econômicos não-essenciais definidos por decreto do Governo Estadual, e mensurando os possíveis impactos do fechamento temporário destes setores nos municípios maranhenses. A partir destes impactos, intenta-se esboçar uma proposta de retomada da atividade econômica local através das conclusões obtidas durante o processo analítico do comportamento econômico-espacial dos setores de atividades. ABSTRACT As the principal measure in combat to the COVID-19, the temporary shutdown of economic activities had the objective avoid agglomerations in urban spaces that accelerated the viral contagion rate, retarding one possible deepening of the pandemic world scenario in Brazil. However, this measure has not the most acceptance for part the political, business and workers classes whom income and employment has decrease severely in this scenario. Thus, assuming Maranhão State as reference economic-spatial, was made an analysis of spatial distribution of economic sectors, using the formal employment stock with database of RAIS for the year 2018, prioritizing the sectors non-essentials economics defined for state government decree, and measuring the possible impacts of the temporary closure of these sectors in the cities of Maranhão. From those impacts, intent to sketch a proposal of economic local activity recovery through the conclusions obtained during the analysis of economic-spatial behavior the activities sectors.

Politični položaj na Slovenskem leta 1919

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (2) ◽  
pp. 359-394
Author(s):  
Jurij Perovšek
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
New Era ◽  
Party Organisation ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
Similar Development

For Slovenes in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes the year 1919 represented the final step to a new political beginning. With the end of the united all-Slovene liberal party organisation and the formation of separate liberal parties, the political party life faced a new era. Similar development was showing also in the Marxist camp. The Catholic camp was united. For the first time, Slovenes from all political camps took part in the state government politics and parliament work. They faced the diminishing of the independence, which was gained in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and the mutual fight for its preservation or abolition. This was the beginning of national-political separations in the later Yugoslav state. The year 1919 was characterized also by the establishment of the Slovene university and early occurrences of social discontent. A declaration about the new historical phenomenon – Bolshevism, had to be made. While the region of Prekmurje was integrated to the new state, the questions of the Western border and the situation with Carinthia were not resolved. For the Slovene history, the year 1919 presents a multi-transitional year.

Impak Kerjasama Politik Umno-Pas Terhadap Perkembangan Islam Di Malaysia Dari Tahun 1973 Hingga 1978

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub ◽  
Osman Md Rasip
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses impact of UMNO-PAS political cooperation towards Islamic development in Malaysia from 1973 until 1978. The success of political cooperation in 1973 was the result of both UMNO’s leader, Tun Abdul Razak and PAS’s leader, Asri Muda willingness to explore a new political approach compared to what was being practiced at that time. Both leaders then started the development of a government known as the ‘Cooperation Government’ with the combination of UMNO and PAS in 1973 and later on, the development of the National Front’s (BN) Coalition Government in 1974. The Islamic religion benefits the most from the development of the Coalition Government which is a favourable gain for the Malays in Malaysia. Henceforth, this article will discuss in detail on the impact of the political cooperation between UMNO and PAS within the cooperation period. The methods used for this research is by interview and also by referring to secondary sources which are analyzed in a historical descriptive manner that is normally practiced in historical research. At the end of this research it is established that there are profound impacts to the Islamic religion within the UMNO-PAS cooperation period within 1973 to 1978 for example, the television and radio station beginning starting their programmes with the recitation from Quranic verses, the promulgation of ‘Adhan, alcohols are no longer served in official government’s function, lottery companies are not allowed to promote and announce the lottery results in official government’s media, the establishment of Islamic institution, the strengthening of Islamic education and the appropriate change in the relevant ministry’s symbols. This article can be utilized by subsequent researchers who wish to study the impact of political cooperation between UMNO and PAS. Keywords: political cooperation, UMNO-PAS, cooperation government ABTRAK:Makalah ini membincangkan mengenai impak kerjasama politik UMNO-PAS terhadap perkembangan Islam di Malaysia dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Kerjasama politik yang berjaya dibentuk bermula pada tahun 1973 adalah hasil daripada kesediaan Tun Abdul Razak dengan Mohd Asri Muda yang menerajui UMNO dan PAS pada ketika itu mencetuskan perubahan corak berpolitik yang berbeza berbanding sebelumnya. Maka, kedua-dua pemimpin ini kemudiannya merintis pembentukan sebuah kerajaan yang menggabungkan UMNO dengan PAS menerusi Kerajaan Campuran pada tahun 1973 dan Kerajaan Gabungan Barisan Nasional (BN) pada tahun 1974. Hasil daripada kejayaan penubuhan kedua-dua kerajaan ini, perkembangan Islam di negara ini bertambah pesat dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh keseluruhan orang Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, artikel ini membincangkan secara terperinci impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dalam tempoh kerjasama politik berkenaan. Penyelidikan ini menggunapakai kaedah temubual dan menyorot sejumlah sumber sekunder yang kemudiannya dianalisis secara deskriptif sejarah (historical descriptive analysis) yang lazimnya dipraktikkan dalam kajian sejarah. Hasil kajian ini mendapati terdapat impak-impak jelas terhadap perkembangan Islam di negara ini sepanjang tempoh kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS dari tahun 1973 hingga 1978. Antara impak-impak tersebut ialah permulaan siaran televisyen dan radio dengan bacaan ayat-ayat suci Al-Quran, mengumandangkan suara azan, penghapusan arak dalam majlis-majlis kerajaan, penghapusan promosi dan keputusan judi di media kerajaan, penubuhan institusi Islam, pemerkasaan pendidikan Islam dan penukaran simbol institisu kerajaan. Akhirnya, artikel ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penyelidik-penyelidik berikutnya untuk menilai impak kerjasama politik antara UMNO dengan PAS.Kata kunci: kerjasama politik, UMNO-PAS, kerajaan campuran

Senate Electoral Responsiveness under Indirect and Direct Election

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Schiller ◽  
Charles Stewart
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Counterfactual Analysis ◽  
Senate Elections ◽  
Seventeenth Amendment ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Direct Elections ◽  
The Impact

This chapter integrates findings on indirect elections with current scholarship on the impact of the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment and onset of direct elections. It constructs a comprehensive counterfactual analysis that helps demonstrate what the political outcomes would have been with direct elections in place since the founding, and in contrast, what Senate elections would look like after 1913 if indirect elections were still in place. It also addresses the question of whether U.S. senators represented states as units and responded to state governmental concerns more under the indirect system than they do under direct elections. It argues that indirect election had little impact on the Senate's overall partisan composition prior to 1913. Contrary to widespread belief, had direct election been in effect during the years immediately preceding the Seventeenth Amendment's passage, Republicans, not Democrats, would have benefited.

Referendum konstytucyjne we Włoszech. Jak głosowanie ludowe wpływa na system polityczny państwa?

2017 ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kużelewska
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the impact of constitutional referendums on the political system in Italy. There were three constitutional referendums conducted in 2001, 2006 and 2016. All of them have been organised by the ruling parties, however, only the first one was successful. In the subsequent referendums, the proposals for amending the constitution have been rejected by voters. The article finds that lack of public support for the government resulted in voting „no” in the referendum.

Designing a CRM Framework for online & offline sports footwear retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cueva ◽  
Guillem Rufian ◽  
Maria Gabriela Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The use of Customer Relationship Managers to foster customers loyalty has become one of the most common business strategies in the past years.  However, CRM solutions do not fill the abundance of happily ever-after relationships that business needs, and each client’s perception is different in the buying process.  Therefore, the experience must be precise, in order to extend the loyalty period of a customer as much as possible. One of the economic sectors in which CRM’s have improved this experience is retailing, where the personalized attention to the customer is a key factor.  However, brick and mortar experiences are not enough to be aware in how environmental changes could affect the industry trends in the long term.  A base unified theoretical framework must be taken into consideration, in order to develop an adaptable model for constructing or implementing CRMs into companies. Thanks to this approximation, the information is complemented, and the outcome will increment the quality in any Marketing/Sales initiative. The goal of this article is to explore the different factors grouped by three main domains within the impact of service quality, from a consumer’s perspective, in both on-line and off-line retailing sector.  Secondly, we plan to go a step further and extract base guidelines about previous analysis for designing CRM’s solutions focused on the loyalty of the customers for a specific retailing sector and its product: Sports Running Shoes.

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