scholarly journals Bacteriological profile of pharmaceutical water used for production purpose

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Muddasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

Objectives: To determine the bacteriological quality of pharmaceutical water used for production purposes (cosmetics, medicine, etc.). Materials and methods: An experimental study was conducted of 20 pharmaceutical water samples, collected from reputed pharmaceutical companies located in Peshawar, Pakistan. To enumerate the overall microbial load and particular pathogens from the obtained water samples traditional culture and biochemical approaches were used. Results: A total aerobic viable bacterial load of all samples were found below the acceptable limit (200 CFU/mL) while, Pseudomonas species were found (n=03), and Escherichia coli was found (n=01). No evidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species were found in any of the samples. Conclusion The current study provides a comprehensive bacteriological profile of pharmaceutical water and demonstrates that the presence of particular bacteria might cause significant toxicity and hazard in final pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Market Survey and Analysis of Packaging Information Provided by Different Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Shibtosh Sarker ◽  
Arindom Pal ◽  
Jesmin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Market Survey

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or not the pharmaceutical companies of Bangladesh are providing all the necessary information and instructions in the packaging materials of pharmaceutical products which are available in Bangladesh. With this aim, the sample of secondary packaging material (cartons, labels, inserts or direction slips) of a total 150 products (from 50 generics) marketed by 15 pharmaceutical companies have been selected and were collected from different medical stores of Dhaka city. The packaging materials of the collected samples were then evaluated based on various regulatory and clinical parameters. It was found that some of the packaging materials of these selected pharmaceutical products lack several  important information in terms of clinical and regulatory parameters which limits the quality of these packaging materials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12585 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 165-169, 2012

scholarly journals Isolation and Enumeration of Escherichia coli from Soil and Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Anindita Bhowmik ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dilution Series

Majority of the population of Bangladesh depend on tap or surface water as their source of water supply. This study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of both water and soil collected from different places using the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine coliform count by the most probable number (MPN) method in brilliant green lactose broth (BGLB) media.Inoculum from positive tubes of the presumptive test were further transferred on eosinemethylene blue (EMB) and MacConkey agar.The organisms isolated were further characterized using biochemical tests. Out of 93 water samples, 30 (32.26%) indicated the presence of lactose fermenter and gas producer in all 3 tubes of dilution series using inoculum quantities of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01 ml, whereas out of 85 soil samples, 45 (52.94%) showed acid and gas production in all 3 tubes of dilution series.Among 85 soil samples, 40 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series and among 93 water samples, 31 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series were further re-identified with biochemical tests.This study showed 30.59% soil isolates and 26.88% water isolates were Escherichia coli which highlighted the fact that both water and soil act as a major reservoir of E.coli, which indicates possible fecal contamination as well as presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 75-77

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality Analysis of Water in Storage Tanks in A University Community, South Southern - Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Ofonime M. Ogba ◽  
Oluwayemisi A. Olorode ◽  
Mary P. Okon ◽  
Nse O. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Coliform Count

The use of unsafe water supplies and microbial contaminated water may pose serious health challenge to users. The aim of the study was to determine the level of bacterial contamination of the various water sources and the suitability for human use and consumption in University of Calabar Community, Nigeria. A total of 30 water samples were obtained from the University storage tanks and analysed for the presence of bacteria. The level of feacal coliform count, total coliform count and heterotrophic bacterial count was analysed using membrane filtration method and standard culture method on a differential and selective media. The samples were cultured on MacConkey and Nutrient agar. The isolates obtained from the above media were subcultured into slants of nutrient agar. Isolates were subjected to Gram staining and biochemical tests. The feacal coliform, Escherichia coli was isolated from all the water samples. Total coliform counts ranged from 1cfu/ml - 92cfu/ml while total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 1cfu/ml to 161cfu/ml. The bacteria species isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus species, Enterobacter aerogenes, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Proteus species, Lactobacillus species and Listeria species. The results obtained from this study have shown high level of bacterial load which makes the water unsuitable for human consumption. Further treatment may be needed as the bacteria isolates from the water samples point to feacal contamination which may be due to inadequate treatment of water, contamination while in the storage tanks or passage through contaminated pipes supplying the community. The consumers may be at high risks of enteric bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Uji Bakteri Coliform dan (Escherichia coli) pada Air Tercemar Dengan Penggunaan Susunan Filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Linda Purwanti ◽  
Ahmad Syauqi ◽  
Saimul Laili
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Normally Distributed

Clean water is a serious problem in Indonesia, the availability of clean water has shrunk drastically due to deteriorating environment and pollution. Drinking water that meets safety standards is increasingly scarce. More than 100 million people need safe water sources. Filter media is able to remove chemicals in water such as turbid, odor, oily, yellowish, rusty and muddy making it unfit for consumption. In addition, the purpose of the clarification results must also be considered whether to drink household needs or other needs. This study uses Lauryl Tryptose Broth (LTB) media and petrifilm media. Petrifilm results show that it is very easy to count the bacteria Colifrom and Escerichia coli using petrifilm media. From the analysis of calculations using the Paired Samples T-Test on the sample before filtering and after filtering it was obtained the Tcount value of 2.28 with a P value 0.015 which showed very successful or significant results between the samples before and after the filter. In this analysis have normally distributed data with a significant value of P = 0.015 (<0.05). In this case the Paired Samples T-Test was tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and the results were obtained in the form of a P value of <.001 which would indicate that the data was normally distributed, indicated by a P value <0.05. The filter on this filter is very useful for filtering on Escerichia coli bacteria because this filter removes the bacteria, but Colifrom bacteria can still escape the use of the filter, because it depends on environmental conditions. Colifrom and Escerichia coli bacteria occur is seen from the relationship between sources of pollution such as, for example, such as septic tanks, distance of wells with waste, trash, and livestock pollution. The quality of drinking water is very close to the presence of Colifrom and Escerichia coli bacteria which are likely to have pathogenic bacteria that are harmful to health in the quality of well water. Water samples to be observed using well water using 2 treatments as many as 12 repetitions. Thus the total sample obtained as many as 24 water samples will be observed. While the test making of Lauryl Triptose Broth medium was observed by incubating 48 hours at 35oC + gas. Before making the test tube medium must be sterilized first. Subsequent tests were observed with a petrifilm medium to determine the presence or absence of Colifrom and Escherichia coli bacteria by looking at the color of the battery being sought. Keywords: Drinking Water, Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli    

scholarly journals Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Air Minum Isi Ulang yang Diproduksi DAMIU di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya Kota Padang

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Afrisetiawati ◽  
Erly Erly ◽  
Endrinaldi Endrinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriological Test ◽  
Identification Test

AbstrakAir merupakan  komponen penting bagi tubuh.  Menurut Permenkes No.492 Tahun 2010 tentang syarat mikrobiologi air minum adalah tidak ditemukannya bakteri Coliform dan Escherichia coli dalam 100 ml air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kualitas air minum yang diproduksi depot air minum isi ulang di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan melakukan pemeriksaan bakteriologi sampel air di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas dari Februari  sampai Oktober 2014. Sampel adalah air dari masing-masing depot air minum isi ulang di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya yang sudah dimasukkan ke dalam galon. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tes, yaitu tes presumtif, konfirmatif, lengkap dan identifikasi. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan empat dari dua belas sampel (33,3%) mengandung bakteri Coliform dan satu dari empat sampel tersebut mengandung Escherichia coli. Pengawasan terhadap depot air minum isi ulang di Kelurahan Lubuk Buaya harus lebih ditingkatkan. Kader Kesehatan setempat diharapkan dapat memberikan penyuluhan kepada pemilik atau operator depot agar memperhatikan kebersihan depot serta peralatan yang digunakan.Kata kunci: air minum isi ulang, Coliform, Escherichia  coli AbstractWater is an essential component for the human body. According to Permenkes No. 492 Tahun 2010 about microbiological standards for drinking water is the absence of coliform and Escherichia coli in 100 ml of water. The objective of this study was to find the quality of drinking water produced by drinking water refill depots at Lubuk Buaya Padang based on microbiological standards of drinking water.The research was conducted using by bacteriological test on 12 water samples at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Facultyof Medicine, University of Andalas from February until Oktober 2014. This research consisted  four tests: the presumptive test, confirmative test, completetest and identification test. Based on the result of laboratory test, there were four samples (33,3%) from twelve samples contain Coliform bacteria and one of them contain Escherichia coli. Controlling of drinking water refill depots at Lubuk Buaya should have been improved. The officers of Public Health at Lubuk Buaya must give an advice to the owners or depot operators about hygiene of depot and tools that they used.Keywords: drinking water refill, Coliform, Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Qualities of Some Cough Syrups and Multivitamins Marketed in Pokhara, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Krishna Gurung ◽  
Mamita Khaling Rai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Cough Syrup

Recently, the manufacturers of pharmaceuticals have improved the quality of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in such a way that such products contain only minimal bioburden. However, the production of sub-standard cough syrups and multivitamin syrups may cause non-therapeutic effect in patients, particularly in children. For this reason, this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of cough syrup and multivitamin syrups marketed in Pokhara, Nepal. Different brands of 15 cough syrups and 15 multivitamin syrups were collected from different vendors of Pokhara and the spread plate technique was performed to enumerate the microbial contaminant from the collected samples. Among 15 cough syrups, 12 samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria and nine samples were found to be contaminated with fungi. Similarly, among 15 multivitamin syrups, 10 were found to be contaminated with bacteria whereas 12 were found to be contaminated with fungi. Escherichia coli was not isolated in any samples. Overall, 14(93.33%) of cough syrup and 13(86.67%) of multivitamin syrups were found to be contaminated by either bacteria, fungi, or by both which exceeded the acceptance limit of International Pharmacopeia. The prevalence of these microorganisms in pharmaceutical products such as syrups samples may indicate the unhygienic condition, defect in production, poor adoption of Good Manufacturing Practice, ineffective preservatives and inadequate quality control. Though these products fall under non-sterile pharmaceutical products, so they need not require sterility but these drugs must conform to the microbiological purity criteria set in the appropriate pharmacopeial standard. These contaminated syrups explain the poor treatment and complicacy of the uncompromised people and the sick children.

scholarly journals Practice of using gifts as promotional materials for marketing of pharmaceutical products in Bangladesh: A survey conducted on general physicians and representatives from pharmaceutical companies

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Sultana ◽  
Kamrul Hasan Khosru
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
General Physicians ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
Promotional Strategies

The present study was undertaken to find out the promotional strategies followed by the pharmaceutical companies, attitudes and responses of physicians towards these promotional activities and influence of using gifts as promotional materials on the prescribing behavior of the physicians. In the study we found that most pharmaceutical companies believe that pharmaceuticals should be promoted by their quality and availability, not by any other promotional strategies. 84.62% pharmaceutical companies believe that gifts provided by them motivate the physicians to prescribe their products whereas 87% physicians admit that they consider the image of the company and quality of the product while prescribing. We also found that 50.5% physicians preferred information more rather than attractive gifts but only 11.77% pharmaceutical companies agreed with this statement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10434 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 13-18

Analisis Kualitas Mikrobiologi Air Minum Isi Ulang di Depo Air Minum Isi Ulang Kelurahan Jemur Wonosari Kota Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Ajeng Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
Akas Yekti Pulih Asih ◽  
Edza Aria Wikurendra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Background: Based on the preliminary test using laboratory tests from three refill drinking water samples in Jemur Wonosari Village, all three were positive for Coliform. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching Analysis of the Microbiological Quality of Refilled Drinking Water at the Refill Drinking Water Depot in Jemur Wonosari Village. Objectives: Knowing the microbiological quality of refill drinking water produced at the refill drinking water depot in Jemur Wonosari Village. Research Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional quantitative approach using primary and secondary data sources. The population in this study were all 13 refill drinking water depots. The research takes the total population. Refillable drinking water samples were tested at the Gayung Sari Regional Health Service Laboratory. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by comparing the results of laboratory tests with Permenkes 492 of 2010. Results: The results showed that 13 samples found that 13 samples were positive for Coliform, and 13 samples were negative for Escherichia coli. According to Permenkes No. 429 of 2010, the maximum limit per 100 ml of sample is 0. So the 13 samples of refill drinking water based on microbiological parameters, namely Escherichia coli in refilled drinking water, meet the standard while the Coliform does not meet the standard. Conclusion: All refill drinking water depots in Keluraham Jemur Wonosari produce refilled drinking water whose quality does not meet the government's microbiological standards. There is a need for increased supervision and guidance at refill drinking water depots.   Keywords: Drinking Water, Microbiological Analysis, Refill Drinking Water Depot

scholarly journals BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR for differential detection of viable Escherichia coli in potable water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Deshmukh ◽  
Sunil Bhand ◽  
Utpal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Differential Detection ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

Background and Objectives: Public health protection requires timely evaluation of pathogens in potable water to minimize outbreaks caused by microbial contaminations. The present study was aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of water obtained from Shantinagar (a rural area in the South Goa region of Goa, India) using 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl β-D-glu- curonide-Sorbitol MacConkey agar (BCIG-SMAC) medium and, propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reac- tion (PMA-qPCR) assay for differential detection and quantification of viable Escherichia coli cells in water samples. Materials and Methods: Membrane filtration method was used for both BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR methods. To determine the efficiency of detection of viable cells, we first evaluated the PMA treatment protocol and established the standard calibration curves using previously reported primers. Results: PMA-qPCR detected as low as 7 femtograms of DNA of E. coli per qPCR reaction whereas the limit of detection (LOD) of BCIG-SMAC medium was 1.8 CFU/100mL. A total of 71 water samples spanning 2017-2018 have been analyzed using BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR, of which 95.77% (68/71) and 7.04% (5/71) were found to be total E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. PMA-qPCR study showed the viable counts of total viable E. coli cells ranging from 3CFU/100mL to 8.2×102 CFU/100mL. The total E. coli CFU/100mL quantified by PMA-qPCR significantly exceeded (paired t-test; P<0.05) the number on BCIG-SMAC medium. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the microbiological quality of environmental water samples analyzed do not comply with the regulatory standard. Therefore, special attention is warranted to improve the overall portable quality of water in the perspective of public health.

Relationship between Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and International Trade: The Case of Russian Pharmaceutical Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Chugunova ◽  
Olga A. Klochko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Geographical Diversification ◽  
The Relationship

This research studies the relationship of cross-border mergers and acquisitions to international trade through the lens of Russian pharmaceutical market. To this aim, the study analyses the woks of foreign economists dedicated to evaluating the link between foreign direct investment and international trade, and the influence of mergers and acquisitions on countries’ export and import flows. The research also presents a correlation analysis between the volume of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports and cross-border deals performed by foreign pharmaceutical companies in Russia. We characterize these deals and conduct a comparative analysis of the regional structure of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports as well as of the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The results of the analysis indicate a positive relationship between cross-border mergers and acquisitions and Russian pharmaceutical exports, which is reflected in the export volume growth and its geographical diversification. However, it is outlined that particular problems of the industry hinder the amelioration of Russian positions in international exports. Similarly, the relationship between cross-border deals and Russian imports is positive: the major pharmaceutical products supply flow occurs from the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions conducted in the Russian pharmaceutical sector.

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