scholarly journals Сondition of urogenital tract microbiotes and pro- and antioxidant system in male azoospermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-701
Author(s):  
M. Z. Vorobets ◽  
O. V. Melnyk ◽  
I. V. Kovalenko ◽  
R. V. Fafula ◽  
A. T. Borzhievsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Glutathione Antioxidant System

Over the past 20 years, there has been a clear trend to increase in the number of infertile men in Ukraine, their percentage reaches 50% in infertile couples. There is a significant percentage of male infertility caused by azoospermia – the lack of sperm in the ejaculate. In male infertility, azoospermia is found in 10–15% of patients, among other forms of pathospermia. Given the ambiguity of ideas about the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment and diagnostic approaches for various types of infertility, it remains important to clarify the relationship of urogenital infections with the regulatory systems of cells, including the state of the pro- and antioxidant system and the search for additional markers. 119 patients with various forms of azoospermia were examined. All patients underwent the following studies: spermogram, infectious screening, inhibin B, lipid peroxidation, activity of enzymes of the glutathione antioxidant system in sperm plasma and blood serum. Infectious screening included analysis of urethral secretions, bacteriological examination of sperm or prostate secretion, assessment of the species and quantitative composition of the microflora of the male urogenital tract. According to the results of spermogram and other diagnostic methods, a non-obstructive form of azoospermia was detected in 69 patients. In obstructive azoospermia, ejaculate as such was absent. It is suggested that inhibin B may be an important medical diagnostic test for azoospermia. As a result of the conducted researches the importance of determining the concentration of inhibin B as a marker of azoospermia was demonstrated and a negative correlation of moderate strength between the content of inhibin B and testosterone level in the plasma of men with non-obstructive azoospermia was revealed. It was found that Ureaplasma pervum and Ureaplasma urealyticum infect the male genitourinary system to the greatest extent among a number of microorganisms, both in non-obstructive and obstructive forms of azoospermia. Enterococcus faecalis is more pronounced in the sperm fluid in the non-obstructive form of azoospermia and prostate secreton in the obstructive form of azoospermia. In the non-obstructive form of azoospermia in the seminal plasma and serum, the processes of lipid peroxidation intensify, the concentration of reduced glutathione decreases and the activities of the enzymes of the glutathione antioxidant system (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase) decrease. It can be considered that an important diagnostic test for the nonobstructive form of azoospermia is the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione in sperm plasma.

THE ROLE OF UROGENITAL INFECTIONS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Ж. Инкарбек ◽  
Ж. Турсынбеков ◽  
Е. Чакен ◽  
А.Х. Касымов ◽  
С.Б. Шалекенов
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Tract Infections

Вопрос бесплодия на сегодняшний день остается актуальным как в Казахстане, так и во всем мире. На основании данных Всемирной Организации Здравоохранения, ежегодно число бесплодных пар составляет 4-5% от всеобщей популяции. Причин бесплодия - множество. Но одним из острых и первоочередных причин данной патологии является мужское бесплодие, частота возникновения которого составляет 48,8% от общего количества случаев. [1] По данным мировых исследований, в процентном соотношении причины мужского бесплодия составляют: бесплодие неясного генеза - 31,2%, варикоцеле - 14,7%, эндокринные нарушения - 8,45%, инфекции урогенитального тракта - 8,3%, иммунологические факторы - 4,8%, опухоли яичек - 1,17%. [2] The issue of infertility today remains relevant both in Kazakhstan and around the world. The World Health Organization accounts for 4-5% of the general population annually. There are many reasons for infertility. One of the acute and primary causes of this pathology is male infertility, the incidence of which is 48.8% of the total number of cases. According to world studies, the percentage of the causes of male infertility are: infertility of unknown origin - 31.2%, varicocele - 14.7%, endocrine disorders - 8.45%, infections of the urogenital tract - 8.3%, immunological factors - 4 , 8%, testicular tumors - 1.17%. Goal. Establishing the role of individual infections and their association of the urogenital tract in the development of male infertility. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the GKP on the REM "City polyclinic No. 26" in Almaty. A retrospective analysis of individual cards of 538 men from 21 to 45 years old who consulted urologists with complaints of urination, pain and discomfort in the anogenital region and above the bosom from January to December 2020 was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group - 258 men suffering from infertility, and who have other causes of infertility, the second - 280 men with normal fertility. Diagnostic methods were selected: bacterial culture of urine and scraping from the urethra, PCR of urogenital infections. Result: The total dissemination of the urethra in patients of the first group is 3 times higher than in men of the second group. However, we were interested not only in the general dissemination and types of pathogens, as according to the literature [1,2] the most aggressive chlamydia trachomatis and ureoplasm. In our frequency of occurrence of chlamydial infection in both groups was 153 (59.3%) and 23 (8%); mycoplasma - 148 (57.3%) and 45 (16%); ureaplasma - 137 (53.1%) and 63 (22.5%); Candida - 98 (37.9%) and 35 (12.5%); Trichomonas - 87 (33.7%) and 48 (17.1%); gardnerella - 94 (36.4%) and 56 (20%) people, respectively. Conclusions. Urogenital tract infections are the main reason people see a doctor. Infections are one of the factors in the development of infertility in men. For infection of the urogenital tract, PCR is the most sensitive and accurate compared to urine culture and urethral scrapings. The total dissemination of urogenital infection in the group of men with infertility is 46.3%, in comparison with the group of men with a normal norm in whom the percentage of STIs is 16%, indicates a direct effect of urogenital infection on the development of the male population. Along with the revealed, as the main factor of influence of the reproductive system, chlamydia trachomatis 59.3%, mycoplasma 57.3%, ureoplasm 53.1%, which moved to the second and third place in the development of infertility in the studied men. This factor and methods of treatment will be studied in studies.

scholarly journals Forms of pseudotuberculosis progression in children and the impact of lipid peroxidation activation and antioxidant system imbalance on their development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
A. P. Pomogaeva ◽  
O. L. Nosareva ◽  
E. A. Stepovaya ◽  
T. V. Zhavoronok ◽  
E. V. Shakhristova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
The Impact

The objective is to compare clinical symptoms, lipid peroxidation indicators, the state of the antioxidant system and assess their impact on the severity and progression of pseudotuberculosis in children.Materials and methods. We examined 125 children with pseudotuberculosis divided into 4 groups according to the severity and nature of the disease progression and 45 healthy children. The material for the study was red blood cells and blood plasma of patients received in the dynamics – the acute period (during hospitalization); 3-4 weeks later – the phase of early convalescence with a non-smooth progression and moderate and heavy severity; the recovery period with a smooth progression and mild and moderate severity; 5-6 weeks later – the recovery period with a non-smooth progression and moderate and heavy severity. The spectrophotometric method was used to study lipid peroxidation (the concentration of diene conjugates, TBA-reactive substances) in the blood plasma and components of the antioxidant support system (the content of reduced glutathione; the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) in red blood cells.Results. It was determined that moderate and heavy pseudotuberculosis forms prevail in hospitalized children, the disease progression in 35.2% of them was non-smooth; lipid peroxidation products accumulate in the blood plasma and the concentration of reduced glutathione decreases in red blood cells during the acute period of pseudotuberculosis in all children relative to the parameters in the control group. In the period of early convalescence an imbalance in the functioning of antioxidant enzymes of red blood cells, as well as the accumulation of TBA-reactive substances and a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione were observed in patients with moderate and heavy pseudotuberculosis.Conclusion. The impact of the imbalance of pro-/antioxidants on the formation of predominantly moderate and heavy pseudotuberculosis in children is shown. Prognostic criteria for the development of a non-smooth progression of pseudotuberculosis are a high level of lipid peroxidation products in the blood plasma, no normalization in values of glutathione system components and the activity of erythrocyte catalase during early convalescence. 

scholarly journals Features of antioxidant system in patients with obstructive jaundice of benign and malignant origin in dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-923
Author(s):  
N G Elmanova
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
High Level

Aim. Study of the features of changes of antioxidant protection in patients with mechanical jaundice of benign and malignant origin in dynamics. Methods. The author studied the role of antioxidant system in the progression of mechanical jaundice of various origins in 104 patients. Groups of patients with a syndrome of mechanical jaundice of benign (62 patients) and malignant origin (42 patients) were isolated. The material of the study was blood from the ulnar vein, which was taken in the morning on an empty stomach before surgery. In the dynamics (on the 7th day after the operation), 53 patients were examined. To assess the state of antioxidant protection, a spectrophotometric method of investigation was used. Results. A high level of malonic dialdehyde, the product of lipid peroxidation, was determined in all patients regardless of origin. There was also a depression of the enzymatic link of antioxidant protection (a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase). After surgical intervention in patients with mechanical jaundice of benign origin, correction of the level of reduced glutathione was observed. In patients with mechanical jaundice of malignant origin in dynamics, the activity of antioxidant enzymes did not differ significantly from the norm (p1-3 = 0,23; p1-3 = 311). Conclusion. After surgical intervention, partial improvement of the condition of patients with mechanical jaundice of benign origin was observed, and dysfunction of antioxidant protection persisted in patients with mechanical jaundice of malignant origin.

scholarly journals Influence of cadmium loading on the state of the antioxidant system in the organism of bulls

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
S. D. Mursjka ◽  
D. F. Hufrij ◽  
I. I. Hariv ◽  
N. D. Levkivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Young Cattle

This article presents the results of research on the influence of cadmium loading on the state level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant links of the antioxidant defense system of the organisms of young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, selenium, vitamins A and E. It was found that feeding bull calves with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight helped to reduce both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic link of antioxidant protection (superoxide dismutase 31%, catalase 13%, glutathione peroxidase 23%, reduced glutathione 10%, vitamin A 28%, vitamin E 31%, selenium 20%). Toxic effects of cadmium promotes change in steady-state concentrations of radical metabolites О2–,ОН˙, НО2˙, which, in turn, trigger the process of lipid peroxidation. The lowest level of indicators of antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle was registered on the sixteenth and twenty-fourth days of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the disturbaance of the balance between the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. The activity of the antioxidant defense system in the blood was different for calves fed with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of animal mass. The more cadmium chloride in the feed, the lower the activity of the antioxidant defense system of the calves’ organisms was registered. Thus cadmium chloride depresses the antioxidant defense system, which specifically involves lowering the activity of enzymatic links (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic links (reduced glutathione, selenium, vitamins A and E).

scholarly journals Вплив препаратів з антиоксидантними властивостями на стан антиоксидантної системи сперматозоїдів при екскреторнo-токсичній формі неплідності чоловіків

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.K. Onufrovych ◽  
D.Z. Vorobets ◽  
Z.D. Vorobets
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Glutathione Antioxidant System ◽  
Male Sex

Since the development of many disorders of the reproductive function in men involves processes of free radical oxidation, the purpose of this study was to form an evaluation of the pro- and antioxidant status of sperm and to restore its biological usefulness in men with excretory-toxic forms of infertility by using drugs with antioxidant properties. It is shown that excretory-toxic forms of infertility in men are mostly caused by such infectious agents as Chlamydia (22%), Chlamydia + Ureaplasma (16%), Chlamydia + Trichomonas (13%), Ureaplasma (10%). This reduces the total number of sperm in the ejaculate by 2.7 times, and motility by 1.8 times. The number of abnormal forms increases by 1.75 times. With the development of chronic inflammation of the male sex organs sperm lipid peroxidation increases by 1.3 times while the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreases (by 2.3 times) and that of glutathione reductase (by 1.7 times). We observed a close correlation between the low biological quality of sperm (low concentration, low number and motility of sperm in the ejaculate) with activation of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. In the case of superoxide dismutase, the negative impact of reactive oxygen species on this enzyme was not observed. A course of drugs with antioxidant properties – vitamin E, vitamin C and zinc sulfate leads to improvement in the indicators on the spermagram (mostly sperm mobility and morphology), to reduction of the number of peroxide compounds and activation of the glutathione antioxidant system. In this case, the activity of glutathione peroxidase is increased by 1.5 times and the activity of glutathione reductase by 1.3 times. The activity of superoxide dismutase at the same time approaches the norm for zoospermia. The data obtained show that one of the pathogenic factors of the chronic inflammation of male sex organs, considered as a main developmental reason for infertility in its excretory-toxic form, is the increase in activity of the peroxide oxygen lipids of the sperm membrane and decompensation of the enzyme activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. Our data indicate that the use as medicines of vitamin E, vitamin C and zinc sulfate combined with antibiotic therapy would be highly effective in the treatment of male infertility.

Indicators of the antioxidant system in the long-term period after acute mercury nitrate poisoning in the experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
E. G. Batotsyrenova ◽  
O. A. Vakunenkova ◽  
E. A. Zolotoverkhaya ◽  
V. A. Kashuro ◽  
T. A. Kostrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mercury Nitrate

The article presents experimental data on the state of the antioxidant system in red blood cells of white outbred rats 1 and 3 months after acute mercury nitrate poisoning with a semilethal dose. It has been established that this form of intoxication is accompanied by pronounced changes in the state of the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes of poisoned animals (a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione, a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products).It has been shown that the mercury content in the blood of experimental animals remains elevated during the entire study period.The results obtained indicate the importance of impaired functioning of the antioxidant system in the implementation of long-term consequences of acute mercury poisoning. The reasons for the occurrence of these biochemical shifts and their role in the development of the long-term cytotoxic effects of mercury nitrate are discussed.

scholarly journals Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Mitta ◽  
Sushmitha Duddu ◽  
Raghuveer Yadav Pulala ◽  
Pradeepkumar Bhupalam ◽  
Venkatakirankumar Mandlem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Cellular Therapy via Spermatogonial Stem Cells for Treating Impaired Spermatogenesis, Non-Obstructive Azoospermia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Nesma E. Abdelaal ◽  
Bereket Molla Tanga ◽  
Mai Abdelgawad ◽  
Sahar Allam ◽  
Mostafa Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Major Health Problem

Male infertility is a major health problem affecting about 8–12% of couples worldwide. Spermatogenesis starts in the early fetus and completes after puberty, passing through different stages. Male infertility can result from primary or congenital, acquired, or idiopathic causes. The absence of sperm in semen, or azoospermia, results from non-obstructive causes (pretesticular and testicular), and post-testicular obstructive causes. Several medications such as antihypertensive drugs, antidepressants, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy could lead to impaired spermatogenesis and lead to a non-obstructive azoospermia. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the basis for spermatogenesis and fertility in men. SSCs are characterized by their capacity to maintain the self-renewal process and differentiation into spermatozoa throughout the male reproductive life and transmit genetic information to the next generation. SSCs originate from gonocytes in the postnatal testis, which originate from long-lived primordial germ cells during embryonic development. The treatment of infertility in males has a poor prognosis. However, SSCs are viewed as a promising alternative for the regeneration of the impaired or damaged spermatogenesis. SSC transplantation is a promising technique for male infertility treatment and restoration of spermatogenesis in the case of degenerative diseases such as cancer, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The process involves isolation of SSCs and cryopreservation from a testicular biopsy before starting cancer treatment, followed by intra-testicular stem cell transplantation. In general, treatment for male infertility, even with SSC transplantation, still has several obstacles. The efficiency of cryopreservation, exclusion of malignant cells contamination in cancer patients, and socio-cultural attitudes remain major challenges to the wider application of SSCs as alternatives. Furthermore, there are limitations in experience and knowledge regarding cryopreservation of SSCs. However, the level of infrastructure or availability of regulatory approval to process and preserve testicular tissue makes them tangible and accurate therapy options for male infertility caused by non-obstructive azoospermia, though in their infancy, at least to date.

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