scholarly journals Analysis of the monopolization level of raw material exports of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
Petro O. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Iron Industry

The formation of a competitive national economy of Ukraine is hindered by a weak system of monopoly control. The activities of oligarchic clans stimulated political lobbying, illegal influence on the management of independent enterprises, their raider capture, which led to a slowdown in Ukraine’s technical progress, an increase in the hidden economy and a decrease in its efficiency. The current trend of increasing exports of raw materials and the monopolization of major export industries makes Ukraine’s economy even more dependent on the activities of several monopolists. The aim of this work was to analyze the level of monopolization of the main Ukrainian export categories – agricultural and iron industry production. Methods of this study were based on analysis of literature of the national authors, systematization and generalization of data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and other open sources. The study found that the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy has a dual structure – corporate (agricultural holdings) and individual farms (family farms and households), which are characterized by different directions of development. The analysis of the regional presence of agricultural holdings showed that the largest landowners cultivate land plots in almost all regions of Ukraine. At present time in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine corporate landowners control 18.4% of arable land, exist in the form of vertically integrated holdings specializing in the cultivation of export-oriented crops. The study found that specific location of minerals explains the geographical location of iron industry enterprises in Dnipro, Donetsk, Poltava and Zaporizhia regions. However, the geography of the place of registration of these holdings or their parent companies includes Cyprus, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The group of companies Metinvest occupies an informal monopoly position in the market of ore mining and steel production in Ukraine. Thus, the main items of Ukraine’s exports are under control or are significantly influenced by a small number of vertically integrated holdings, which may indicate a low level of competition. In these circumstances, one of the most important functions of the state in this area is to maintain a competitive environment and limit monopolies. At the same time, the lack of quality legislation does not allow the state to fully regulate and influence the real situation in the country.

scholarly journals Integrating aspect of economic development in Ukrainian agriculture

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 312 (10) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Inna Bezhenar ◽  
Larisa Malik ◽  
Andrii Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Business Entities

The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of integration processes in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. Using statistical and graphical methods, the state and trends of integration transformations of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine were assessed. Research results. The dynamics of changes in the number of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during 2013-2019, their structure on the basis of legal status, scope and results of activities are analyzed and the relevant conclusions on the ways of development of integration processes in the agricultural sector are formed. The functioning of agrarian business entities of different sizes has been studied. The integration potential of small business entities in the agricultural sector has been identified. The dynamics of the main production indicators of small and micro enterprises is given, their share in the total volume of agricultural production is determined. Also, small forms of management due to integration and cooperative processes provide an opportunity to develop in rural areas, making financial contributions to local budgets, while large enterprises (agricultural holdings) usually have minimal impact on the development of rural economy and rural areas. The main segments of agricultural production (such as potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries) in which households play a key role are identified. Priority areas for the development of personal farms have been identified, in particular, through the creation of family farms and their association in cooperatives, etc. The information base of the study is the scientific achievements of leading domestic and foreign scientists, analytical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. On the basis of the obtained results the social and economic expediency of development of cooperative forms of management in the countryside and integration of small-scale agricultural producers is substantiated. Scientific novelty. It is proposed to turn personal peasant farms into family farms as components of integration formations in agrarian business. Practical significance. The state of business structures of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy is assessed and the prospects and advantages of the development of integration formations and cooperation in the sustainable development of rural areas are outlined. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 20.

scholarly journals Assessment of the state of innovative development of agriculture based on institutional analysis of its high-tech sphere

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 309 (7) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Yuliia Lopatynska
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Object Of Study

The purpose of the article is to analyze the trends in the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex and outline further ways of this process. Research methods. Dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena were used, monographic (analysis of the implementation of innovations in the agro-industrial complex), abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions), comparative analysis (the reasons and differences in the development of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex are determined), empirical (comprehensive assessment and analysis of the object of study). Research results. The indicators and development trends of key institutions of agrarian sector of the economy are analyzed, the state of scientific activity in the agro-industrial sector and its impact on the agrarian sector of the economy is assessed, the market infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex and its influence on the innovative development of the agricultural sector are investigated. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and practical provisions for assessing the state of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex have been further developed; the necessity of development of innovative infrastructure of agro-industrial complex is substantiated. Practical significance. The main provisions and conclusions set out in the article contain certain methodological and practical recommendations for assessing the state of innovative development of AIC. Not only key institutions of the agricultural sector of the economy are analyzed, but also scientific activity in the field of agro-industrial complex and market innovation infrastructure, which has an impact on the innovative development of the agrarian sector. Refs.: 20.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Karakteristik Petani dengan Motivasinya dalam Membudidayakan Tanaman Tebu (Kasus Kelompok Tani Dewi Ratih 1, Desa Maospati, Kecamatan Maospati, Kabupaten Magetan)

2017 ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
DIAN KURNIASIH ◽  
WAYAN SUDARTA ◽  
NYOMAN PARINING
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Sugarcane Farming ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Government

Correlation Between Farmer Characteristic With Their Motivation In CultivateA Sugar Cane (In Case Of Dewi Ratih 1 Farmer Group At Maospati Village,Subdistrict Of Maospati, Magetan Regency) Sugar cane plant plays an important role in meeting the sugar consumtion needs ofsociety and industrial sector. In order to support the improvement of sugar cane plantproduction, the government should provide an input or direction that is needed bysugar cane farmers as a motivation for farmers to increase the production of sugarcane as a raw material for sugar. The characteristics of the farmers have become oneof important factors that affect the farmer motivation in cultivation of sugar caneplant in farmer’s group of Dewi Ratih 1, Maospati Village, Maospati Districts,Magetan Regency. Which is expected to be a reference for the government and thefarmers in determine the policies and development strategies in order to make sugarcane farming can improve revenue and the welfare of the farmers. The purpose ofthis research is to identify the characteristics of the farmer, motivation of the farmersin cultivating sugar cane plant and determine the correlation between the farmerscharacteristics and the farmer motivation in cultivating sugar cane plant in farmer’sgroup of Dewi Ratih 1, Maospati village, Maospati districts, Magetan regency. Thissampling by using simple random method. Data analysis method that is used isdescriptive analysis and spearman rank correlation coefficient test. The result ofdescriptive analysis shows that the farmers characteristics included in the lowcategory, while the farmer motivation in cultivation of sugar cane plant included inthe medium category. The result of spearman rank correlation analysis shows that thecharacteristics of the farmers who have a significant correlation with the motivationof the farmers is age, household income, vast of arable land, the number ofhousehold members, and farming experience.

scholarly journals Optimization of interaction of agrarian entities as an imperative of ensuring food security of the state

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Alexey S. Molchan ◽  
Olga Yu. Frantsisko ◽  
Kristina О. Ternavshchenko ◽  
Gamlet Y. Ostaev ◽  
Victoria I. Tinyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Output Information

The interaction of agricultural entities is based on modern market relations and the state agrarian policy. Managing the subjects of the agricultural sector of the economy is the primary task of the state, since the provision of food security of the state depends on this. The subject of the study is the establishment of relations of the agricultural sector of the country. In the grouping method, a direct relationship was established between the sum of agricultural production in farms of all categories in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the number of employees in the regional agro-industrial complex of the agricultural sector, as well as the number of departments in them. The purpose and objective of the study is to highlight the main functions of state administration of the agricultural sector at the regional level, to identify the lack of an effective mechanism for interaction of the subjects of the agricultural market with each other and with the regional authorities of the agricultural sector. The presented model of optimizing the relationships between the agrarian entities of the region will increase the efficiency of the agrarian sector of the region’s economy and ensure its food security. The necessity of planning and forecasting the volumes of production and use of agricultural products and raw materials is substantiated. The system of such forecasting includes such subsystems as agricultural enterprises, processing enterprises, and the population of the region. It is concluded that each subsystem works on a well-formed and well-founded functional model, which includes input and output information, controls that regulate functioning, as well as mechanisms that ensure such functioning. A special role in the forecasting process is assigned to the regional management bodies of the agro-industrial sector represented by the department for optimizing the interaction of agricultural entities in the region. The final forecast result should be a balance model of the degree of food security in the region's population.

INNOVATIVE MECHANISMS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Shchurevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agrarian Policy

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of introducing innovative mechanisms of agricultural policy in the activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the search for theoretical, methodological and practical ways to solve them. It is found out that an effective and innovatively directed agricultural policy is an integral mechanism for the effective functioning of the agro-industrial sector of the state, which, in turn, allows to activate the activities of agricultural enterprises, significantly increase the number and quality of sources of attracting investment and create the basis for continuous sustainable development. Significant problems and shortcomings of Ukraine's Agricultural Policy at the present stage are systematized. Scientific research is summarized and author's definitions of the categories "innovation" and "innovative development of an agricultural enterprise"are made. The problems of formation and implementation of innovative mechanisms of agricultural policy are analyzed, as well as ways to overcome them are proposed. It is proved that innovative processes in agricultural policy should be based on the principles of interaction between science and production, have their own specific features for creating prerequisites for the sustainable development of domestic agricultural producers. The mechanism of state policy in the field of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex has been formed. The principles on which the conceptual provisions of the state Agrarian Policy are based are defined. It is concluded that the state mechanisms of Agrarian Policy in the field of ensuring innovative development of the agro-industrial complex should function in three interrelated areas: orientation to the continuous implementation of measures at the state and regional levels to improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the scientific and technological potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine; encouraging small, medium and arge businesses of the agro-industrial complex to carry out innovative activities; stimulating demand in the agricultural sector for innovative products, technologies and knowledge

Updating the methodology for providing incentive subsidies to depressed agricultural regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2224
Author(s):  
V.M. Sharapova ◽  
T.N. Medvedeva ◽  
E.A. Farvazova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Depressed Regions ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Subject. The article considers a procedure for calculating and distributing State support to depressed agricultural regions in the framework of a new type of budget financing, i.e. compensating and stimulating subsidies. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of the system of State regulation of agribusiness in a depressed region, determine the priority of modern methods of budgetary support from the State, improve the methodological approach to the distribution of State aid among subjects of the Russian Federation with low level of socio-economic development. Methods. The study draws on the abstract and logical method, methods of statistical analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. We realized the objectives of the study, using the agricultural producers of the Kurgan Oblast case. The paper analyzes the condition of agricultural sector in the depressed region, assesses the State support system efficiency for the agricultural sector of the Trans-Ural region, considers government measures related to the regulation of the economy of backward regions. It presents an updated method of budget financing within an incentive subsidy by clarifying the calculations and introducing an additional indicator that reflects the level of remuneration of regional agricultural producers. Conclusions. The updated calculation methodology for incentive subsidies to depressed regions enables to build a certain economic rating of ten depressed regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account not only the volume of production and employment, but also the level of wages of agricultural workers.

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

Documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region as a Source for Studying Peasant Legal Sense in Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kulachkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Legal Sense

The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood hedges on its historical and legal traditions. The article studies documents in the fonds of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices. Introduction of new materials of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices into the scholarship promotes the analysis of the evolution of peasant legal sense in early 20th century. The chronological framework of the article is limited to the period from 1900 to 1917, its territorial framework is limited to the Oryol gubernia in its pre-revolutionary borders. The article studies reports, dispatches, and circular letters using the comparative method. The intensification of peasant protest was incidental to the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 – the peasants hoped to force the government to settle the agrarian question, wherein lay the crux of their interests. As peasants of the Oryol gubernia suffered from shortage of arable land, antimonarchical sentiments gained momentum and translated a growing number of trials for contempt of the Emperor. Illegal literature spreading among the peasants, further radicalized them, and the authorities grew more and more hesitant in their assessment of peasant loyalty, which is quite intelligible in the archival documents. Thus, the use of new archival documents in addition to published materials promotes the scholarship on the peasant legal sense.

On Capital Allocation And The Real Cost Of Labour (Notes & Comments)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
F. E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Industrial Wage ◽  
Two Sectors

This note is an extension of several contributions to the problem of re¬source allocation in a developing economy. In separate papers, I.M.D. Little and F. Seton* have introduced a model in which labour in a developing economy cannot be shifted from the subsistence to the industrial sector at zero opportunity cost, even though this labour displays zero marginal product in its 'traditional' occupations; and in what follows this problem will be attacked via a diagramma¬tic analysis. A short appendix will treat a side issue of the topic. As Little presented the model, there was an initial amount of capital K to be divided between two sectors, the I (industrial) sector, and the C (subsistence, traditional, or agricultural) sector. In the C-sector, there is excess labour or dis¬guised unemployment, in the sense of Professor W. A. Lewis2, in that the marginal product of labour in this sector is taken as equal to zero. As it happens, however, this labour cannot be moved to the I-Sector without an increase in production in the C-sector. The reason for this is because as labour is transferred to the industrial sector, consumption per head increases in the C-sector, thus decreasing the surplus available for workers being transferred to the I-sector. The transfer can only be carried out if a surplus equal to the difference between the industrial wage in C-goods and the amount of C-goods 'released' by the C-sector is forth¬coming, and for this an increased production of C-goods (via the input of capital into the C-sector) must take place. A similar situation would exist if transferring workers required a wage differential; or if C-goods had to be exported to obtain certain types of capital goods for the labour being reallocated, and/or housing, training, etc.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

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