scholarly journals Migration in Modern Russia: Scope, Main Directions and Problems

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-158
Author(s):  
Nikolai A. Pruel ◽  
Lyudmila N. Lipatova ◽  
Valentina N. Gradusova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Migration Flows

Introduction. In recent years, many European countries faced with a significant influx of migrants have experienced economic and social problems. Although redistribution of population is an objective process, both personal and social difficulties can be associated with territorial mobility of people. Therefore, it is important to foresee the possible negative consequences of mass migration. The purpose of this piece of research is to analyze migration flows in modern Russia and identify possible threats to economic security and social stability associated with migration. Materials and Methods. The study employed the data from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as papers by scientists involved in the study of the problem considered. The systematic approach and the methods of the demographic analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis, generalization and interpretation of the results were adopted. Results. Based on official statistics and expert estimates, an analysis of the situation in the field of migration in Russia has been carried out, the main directions of population redistribution have been identified, and the need for adjusting the socio-economic policy in the regions experiencing significant migration turnover has been substantiated. A set of measures aimed at reducing the emigration of young people from Russian regions has been proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions have been drawn about the possible increase in the negative impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation as a whole as well as that of individual regions in particular. This requires detailed study of migration processes in order to take measures to optimize migration flows and adjust socio-economic policies. The results of the study can be used by the authorities when planning and adjusting socio-economic development programs.

Problems of socioeconomic development of the districts of the central ecological zone of Lake Baikal in the Irkutsk Region, demographic and environmental factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453
Author(s):  
Timur Miryazov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article deals with the current demographic, economic, social, and environmental problems of three districts of the Irkutsk Region, which are part of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The study was conducted using statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, articles and monographs on the topic under consideration, data from sociological surveys, mass media, and information obtained during a scientific expedition to Lake Baikal, in which the author participated. The socio-economic development of municipalities within the boundaries of the Central Ecological Zone of Lake Baikal remains difficult due to environmental legislation that restricts the economic development of the territory. The inability to fully use land resources provokes the local population to migrate. Tourism is one of the few economic activities permitted in the coastal area of the Lake Baikal. Despite the growing number of tourists visiting the region every year, the weak level of economic diversification of the municipalities threatens the prospects for sustainable socio-economic development. The region risks losing most of its revenue in the event of political, economic, or epidemiological shocks. The development of other types of economic activities will contribute to the socio-economic security of the areas under consideration. This is also influenced by the demographic potential of the territory – the employment of local residents and the training of personnel will allow us to effectively implement alternative directions of economic development. It is also important to develop other types of economic activities in connection with the negative impact of tourists on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal. The revision of the approaches to the economic, social, and environmental policies carried out in the region is an urgent task today

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Romanovska ◽  
Lily Strapachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF THE MUNICIPAL AREAS OF OMSK REGION DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY. ESTIMATION WITH THE APPLICATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Korableva ◽  
O. G. Sheveleva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Regional Authorities

Introduction.The article is devoted to the revealing of the tendencies of social and economic development and to economic security of the territories. The research summarizes the concept of economic security of the territory and the ways of its evaluation, also presents the author’s methodology for determining the trends in the development of municipal areas by the context of economic security on the example of Omsk region.Materials and methods.Indices of economic security in the economic, social and financial spheres and an integrated index are calculated, basing on the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for Omsk Region, which characterize the socio-economic development of municipal regions. The grouping of the obtained values and their visualization with the help of GIS technologies helps to demonstrate the development tendencies of the municipal areas of Omsk region.Results.The article substantiates the ways of grouping the indices of economic security and their visual representation for assessing the trends of socio-economic development of municipal areas. As a result, the tendencies of social and economic development of the municipal districts of Omsk region in 20142016 are demonstrated in the context of economic security based on the author’s methodology.Discussion and conclusions.The revealed positive trends in the development of municipal districts’ economy of Omsk region are offset by negative trends in the social sphere. Therefore, most of the municipal districts of Omsk region are classified as “moderate implementation of threats” to the level of economic security in 2016. The revealed tendencies reflect problematic issues, to which the municipal and regional authorities of Omsk region should pay special attention.

scholarly journals Constructing Functional Models of Economic Phenomena by the Method of Statistical Equations of Dependences

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
О. І. Kulynych
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Regional Product

The functional theoretical model of the socio-economic development of regions is constructed by the method of statistical equations of dependences, for substantiating objectives, plans and standards. The nomenclature of factors with impact on the formation of gross regional product is proposed, the share of impact of each factor is determined. In the new economic conditions, the concept of planning is determined from the perspective of outlining the ways to achieve its effectiveness. The process of planning needs to consist of formulating overall strategic intentions on determining specific and detailed actions aimed at generating income and spending over a certain period (a year or five years), outlining the ways and means for the achievement of goals. An important component in this process is control over the achievement of the goal by comparing reported and planned data, identifying and evaluating factors with either positive or negative impact on the economic performance. Solutions to the issues of planning and forecasting of phenomena and processes, structural change in the economy or stability of the economic system are a matter of vital importance for scientific communities, practical economists and power officials. This is a reason behind great attention drawn to constructing of economic development models, designed to analyze allocation of production resources and distribution of the national product for social purposes, which constitutes the main function of the state policy Basically, economic and statistical modeling can be made by use of the following models: model of economic systems; model of production process; model of demand and consumption of goods and services; model of prices and income; model of financial flows; model of national economy; model of socio-economic development. When modeling the socio-economic development at country or regional level, constructing and evaluating social and economic policies at either level, statistical methods need to be used, expert methods and methods of neural-fuzzy modeling in particular. Use of the method of statistical equations of dependences allows for supplementing the given nomenclature of forms for economic and statistical modeling by the following types of modeling: substantiating the objectives, plans or standards of the development of economic phenomena through constructing of functional theoretical models; predicting change in the factors when determining the level of socio-economic phenomena in a future period. Understanding the essence of an economic model is greatly important for generating information about the socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Sustainable development of single-industry towns in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Alexander Volkov ◽  
Elena Pavlova ◽  
Maria Valdaitceva ◽  
Valery Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Single Production ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Common Criterion

The modern practice of defining administrative-industrial territories has formed the concept of «single-industry towns». Currently, there are many definitions of this phenomenon; however, the common criterion for classifying a town as a single-industry town is that its socio-economic development depends on the activities of one city-forming enterprise or several enterprises in the technological structure that operate within a single production and technological process. Such dependence for settlements with narrow specialization has a negative impact during the crisis situation at the enterprise or its liquidation. The negative consequences include a sharp increase in unemployment (including hidden one), aggravation of social problems, acceleration of population outflow to more developed cities/regions of the region/country, sharply reduced revenues to the local budget, which leads to the impossibility of independent development of the settlement. The problems of single-industry towns in the periods of economic crises are pronounced. Results. This paper has defined the criteria of single-industry towns, approaches to the identification of single-industry towns. In addition, the models and factors contributing to the sustainable socio-economic development of single-industry towns and domestic experience in the modernization of single-industry town settlements are identified.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL OND MACROECONOMIC IMBALANCES ON THE FUNDAMENTAL TRENDS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. ABRAMOVA ◽  
L. L. FITUNI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Imbalances ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Structural and macroeconomic imbalances have been an inalienable  feature of the socio-economic development in the Middle East and  North Africa (MENA) since independence. Both types of  disproportions produce a negative impact upon fundamental  development trends in the region. Against this background, this  paper analyses the structure and hierarchies of imbalances in the  region of the Middle East and North Africa. The article argues that broad-range monitoring of fiscal and macroeconomic indicators  can facilitate the identification of emerging imbalances and provide  ways of overcoming them. The article contends that the natural and  climatic and resource factors quite rigidly determined the economic  profile of the region, which, in turn, predetermines the key structural  and macroeconomic imbalances that affect MENA  socio-economic development. The historical asymmetry in the  development of the MENA states, which for a long time had been parts of the British, French and Ottoman colonial empires, with their economic or strategic roles determined by the overseas rulers,  created prerequisites for the subsequent economic differentiation of  the countries of the region. Over the years of independence, the  uneven development of the initially similar agrarian-Bedouin  economies has increased dramatically as a result of the socio- economic policies carried out by the sovereign governments in  accordance with the resource capacities of each country. The authors categorise MENA countries, dividing them into five groups, depending on the nature and determinants of economic  development. The authors insist that almost all the current social  and economic problems of the region are related to its two  fundamental specific characteristics: colossal rental incomes (mainly  of oil and gas origin) and relative overpopulation. The article exposes main macroeconomic imbalances MENA states, demonstrating the asymmetry of intra-regional development  and structural distortions of the economic and demographic nature. On the basis of complex fiscal and macroeconomic data analysis the  authors identify the existing imbalances. The paper produces a  critique of existing macroeconomic stabilization policies in MENA states and their attempts to overcome the existing imbalances. I.  Abramova and L. Fituni provide an augmented assessment of the  typical policy failures in MENA. The research results in a forecast of  the dynamics of financial determinants of macroeconomic stability in the region and the authors’ vision of ways to overcome or limit the  existing and imminent imbalances. The authors come to the  conclusions that that MENA countries need to accelerate structural reforms in order to overcome imbalances and to achieve  diversification of their economies. Expanding the opportunities for  the national private sector and increasing its importance in the non- oil segment of the economy could help to alleviate the employment  situation and increase the effective consumer demand.

New challenges to the economic security of Russia and the world and counteraction methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1263
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Threat

Subject. The 2020 economic crisis has become a global threat to the economic security of States, corporations and households. The elimination of this threat to economic security is a key priority of the State. Objectives. The article is dedicated to factors of the current crisis, both individually and in aggregate, as well as forecasts of the economic development during the crisis. Methods. The study is based on the scientific knowledge as dialectic, a combination of historical and logical unity, structural analysis, traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We carried out the comparative analysis of crisis theories, forecasted the economic development of the IMF, the World Bank, the Audit Chamber, and considered analytical agencies in dynamics, taking into account adjustments when the crisis manifests itself. Counteraction methods are reviewed from theoretical and practical perspectives. The article also analyzed the international expertise in crisis management. Conclusions and Relevance. The economic crisis was found to be at its initial stage, with negative scenarios being more probable. Proposed and implemented, local measures can mitigate the economic decline, prevent massive bankruptcies and a social explosion. Meanwhile, measures to restructure the economic policy may contribute to overcoming the crisis. The findings can be used by federal government bodies to adjust economic policies, develop programs and strategies for the socio-economic development of regions, and economic security strategies for corporations.

Analysis of the state of the migration process of the ukrainian population in the context of domestic and international levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
M. Shkurat ◽  
K. Pavlotska
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
High Level

Analysis of the migration process of the Ukrainian population, which takes place within the state and at the international level during 2014–2019 is carried out in this paper. On the basis of scientific works of domestic scientists and institutes the problems which have not been investigated, and also aspects which have been solved partially are defined. The negative consequences of the Ukrainian migration process on the state of the country are identified. The classification of migration flows of the Ukrainian population according to the reasons of movement is carried out. The main regions and countries which, as of the beginning of 2021, are more attractive to compatriots and are characterized by significant influxes of Ukrainians are identified. The main centers of departure – regions and countries – which are characterized by high level of outflow of Ukrainians are determined, the main problems and reasons that motivate the outflow of Ukrainians are highlighted in this paper. The level of growth of the Ukrainian population in terms of migration flows is defined. The investigation of Ukrainian diasporas, territorial location and analysis of their share in comparison is carried out. The main factors that force the Ukrainian population to move, which affects the demographic situation in Ukraine, the level of employment, as well as the amount of cash flows to the country and the state of the economy as a whole are identified. The main regulations and identified solutions to the migration flows of the domestic population, which were approved and implemented in the period from 2001 to 2019 are compared in this paper. On the basis of current and newly introduced strategies, critical analysis of the ways of regulating the migration process of the Ukrainian population is carried out, the main aspects and problems of the implemented migration policy of Ukraine are determined. The results of the work are to identify the main ways to reduce the negative impact of the migration process on the country's economy and related processes, and strategies to benefit from the movement of citizens of Ukraine, namely: introduction of intellectual security, revision of wages by region, stimulating the process of attracting technology in all spheres of activity and formation of the social protection system.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TAX GAPS ON THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Tiutiunyk ◽  
Julia Belous
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Impact

Trends in the development of the main components of financial and economic security of the country indicate their significant variability and dependence on a combination of internal and external factors. An important place among the drivers of influence on the level of financial and economic security is occupied by tax revenues. Given the prolonged national and transnational market turbulence, which is observed in most sectors of the economy, one of the biggest threats to the financial and economic security of most countries is the presence of a significant volume of shadow operations. The consequences of their implementation are the lack of tax revenues in the budget and the reduction of the country's financial viability in financing economic development programs. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of tax gaps on the level of financial and economic security of the country. In the paper, the essence of the financial and economic security of the country, which is proposed to be understood as a complex concept, integrates the features of economic and financial development of the economic system. Based on the systematization of scientific literatures, the main tasks and functions of financial and economic security of the country including realization of goals and objectives of financial policy and formation of favorable conditions for economically sustainable development and growth, highlights the characteristics of this concept are substantiated. The paper identifies three characteristic features of the financial and economic security of the country: as an indicator of its ability to protect the interests of society in a volatile external and internal environment; economically sustainable development and growth; leveling threats to the internal and external environment. The role of tax gaps in reducing the level of financial and economic security of the country is substantiated, the probability of formation of tax gaps in the economy is predicted, measures to minimize tax evasion as components of increasing its financial and economic security are proposed. The established interdependencies should serve as a basis for the transformation of state economic and financial policy in Ukraine in terms of minimizing the negative impact of the shadow sector of the economy on the indicators of economic development of the state.

scholarly journals Improving Regional Socio-Economic Policies Based on Human Capital Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174
Author(s):  
Gairat Zuvaitovich Ubaydullaev
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Theoretical substantiation and development of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing human capital in the development of the country. The purpose of the study is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of human capital and the digital economy in the economy of Uzbekistan.The purpose of this work is to identify the development of socio-economic relations that characterize the relationship of human capital as an innovative factor in socio-economic development. The study focuses on the concepts and strategies of the country’s socio-economic development, developed by the state, giving priority attention to the growth of human capital and the development of the digital economy, the formation of targeted problem-solving programs.Comparisons and similarities in the work of our historical scientists in the development of the education system are the main goal in the growth of human capital.

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