Similarities between skin culturable bacterial species of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) and their habitat

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
F. P. Nocera ◽  
A. De Filippis ◽  
N. Piscopo ◽  
L. Esposito ◽  
L. De Martino
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Almost All

The aim of the present study was to investigate the culturable microflora of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) and their belonging aquatic environment. A total of 60 samples (56 frog cutaneous swabs, 4 water samples) were inoculated onto different selective and differential agar plates to isolate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria or yeasts. Microbial investigation of the water hosting frogs was also performed. Isolates were identified by API system and their antibiotic resistance profiles were evaluated by disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus durans were detected in almost all collected samples. Many of the bacterial isolates showed multidrug-resistant profiles. Importantly, this study highlights that skin frog microbiota is correlated to the belonging environment, and, moreover, some isolated bacterial strains resulted to be of interest in animal and public health, since the park was frequented by visitors of all ages.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an emerging nosocomial trouble in veterinary

2015 ◽  
pp. 4937-4946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuly Bernal-Rosas ◽  
Karen Osorio-Muñoz ◽  
Orlando Torres-García
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Intermediate Response

ABSTRACT Objective. The goal of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of isolates P. aeruginosa from veterinary clinical centers in Bogotá, D.C., to some commonly used antibiotics in clinical. Materials and methods. Bacteriological standard protocols were used for the isolation and identification of bacterial strains. To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates, to commonly used antibiotics, was performed the Kirby-Bauer agar-disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results. A total of 160 samples was taken from clinical specimens and the environment in different veterinary clinics. Out of these samples, 89 (55.6%) were gram-negative strains, of which ten strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated (11.2%). All strains were resistant to Cefazolin, Lincomycin, Cephalothin, Ampicillin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim and Chloramphenicol while some isolates exhibited either resistance or an intermediate response to Amikacin (30%), Gentamicin (30%), Tobramycin (10%), Ciprofloxacin (20%), Ceftazidime (30%), Erythromycin (100%), Tetracycline (100%), Imipenem (10%), Meropenem (90%) and Bacitracin (90%). Conclusions. The results demonstrate that the acquired antimicrobial resistances of P. aeruginosa strains depend on antibiotic protocols applied. As observed in human hospitals, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is acting as one of the multidrug-resistant microorganisms of veterinary clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Screening commercial teat disinfectants against bacteria isolated from bovine milk using disk diffusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rose Fitzpatrick ◽  
Mary Garvey ◽  
Kieran Jordan ◽  
Jim Flynn ◽  
Bernadette O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Milk Samples

Background and Aim: Teat disinfection is an important tool in reducing the incidence of bovine mastitis. Identifying the potential mastitis-causing bacterial species in milk can be the first step in choosing the correct teat disinfectant product. The objective of this study was to screen commercial teat disinfectants for inhibition against mastitis-associated bacteria isolated from various types of milk samples. Materials and Methods: Twelve commercially available teat disinfectant products were tested, against 12 mastitis-associated bacteria strains isolated from bulk tank milk samples and bacterial strains isolated from clinical (n=2) and subclinical (n=3) quarter foremilk samples using the disk diffusion method. Results: There was a significant variation (7-30 mm) in bacterial inhibition between teat disinfection products, with products containing a lactic acid combination (with chlorhexidine or salicylic acid) resulting in the greatest levels of bacterial inhibition against all tested bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, combined ingredients in teat disinfection products had greater levels of bacterial inhibition than when the ingredients were used individually. The disk diffusion assay is a suitable screening method to effectively differentiate the bacterial inhibition of different teat disinfectant products.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare Completely Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pesavento ◽  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Isabel Maida ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from pigs with respiratory clinical signs in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. e160956
Author(s):  
Maysa Serpa ◽  
Juliana Amália Fonte Bôa do Nascimento ◽  
Mirian Fátima Alves ◽  
Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes ◽  
Adrienny Trindade Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Great Level ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pig Farms

Antimicrobial resistance is a current and important issue to public health, and it is usually associated with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in bacterial isolates from pigs with clinical respiratory signs in Brazil. One hundred sixty bacterial strains isolated from pigs from 51 pig farms in Brazil were studied. In vitro disk-diffusion method was employed using 14 antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol, lincomycin, and sulfadiazine/trimethoprim. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (98.75%; 158/160), while 31.25% (50/160) of the strains were multidrug resistant. Streptococcus suis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were the pathogens that showed higher resistance levels. Haemophilus parasuis showed high resistance levels to sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (9/18=50%). We observed that isolates from the midwestern and southern regions exhibited four times greater chance of being multidrug resistant than the isolates from the southeastern region studied. Overall, the results of the present study showed a great level of resistance to lincomycin, erythromycin, sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, and tetracycline among bacterial respiratory pathogens isolated from pigs in Brazil. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance in swine respiratory bacterial pathogens highlight the need for the proper use of antimicrobials in Brazilian pig farms.

scholarly journals Cockroaches as a Source of High Bacterial Pathogens with Multidrug Resistant Strains in Gondar Town, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Kahsay Huruy ◽  
Dagnachew Muluye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

Background. Cockroaches are source of bacterial infections and this study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial profiles from cockroaches in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Methods. A total of 60 cockroaches were collected from March 1 to May 30, 2014, in Gondar town. Bacterial species were isolated from external and internal parts of cockroaches. Disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20;Pvalues <0.005 were considered as statistically significant.Results. Of 181 identified bacteria species, 110 (60.8%) and 71 (39.2%) were identified from external and internal parts of cockroaches, respectively.Klebsiella pneumoniae32 (17.7%),Escherichia coli29 (16%), andCitrobacterspp. 27 (15%) were the predominant isolates. High resistance rate was observed to cotrimoxazole, 60 (33.1%), and least resistance rate was noted to ciprofloxacin, 2 (1.1%). Additionally, 116 (64.1%) of the isolates were MDR strains;Salmonellaspp. were the leading MDR isolates (100%) followed byEnterobacter(90.5%) andShigellaspp. (76.9%).Conclusion. Cockroaches are the potential source of bacteria pathogens with multidrug resistant strains and hence effective preventive and control measures are required to minimize cockroach related infections.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of d8-10 Metal Complexes of some 2-Substituted-1H-Benzimidazoles

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahri Ülküseven ◽  
Aydin Tavman ◽  
Gülten Ötük
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

The metal complexes of nine 2-substituted-1H-benzimidazoles (I-IX) with Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) salts were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by melting point, analytical data, IR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was determined by the disk diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton Agar on Staphylococcus aureusATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 1539, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Cu(II)and Ag(I)complexes of II, III and IV showed considerable activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Ps. aeruginosa, S. typhi, Sh. flexneri and C. albicans microorganisms, the ligands themselves having no effect.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Fe3+ Inclusion Complex of p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene Diamide Derivative

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ali Chandio ◽  
Ayaz Ali Memon ◽  
Shahabuddin Memon ◽  
Fakhar N. Memon ◽  
Qadeer Khan Panhwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Present study deals with the synthesis of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene diamide derivative as ligand (L) and its Fe3+ complex, followed by its characterization using TLC and FT-IR, while UV-Vis and Job’s plot study were performed for complex formation. Antimicrobial activity of the derivative (L) and its metal complex was carried out by the disc diffusion method against bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus) and fungi (R. stolonifer). Different concentrations of the derivative (L) (6, 3, 1.5, 0.75, and 0.37 μg/mL) and its Fe3+ complex were prepared, and Mueller–Hinton agar was used as the medium for the growth of microorganisms. Six successive dilutions of the derivative (L) and Fe3+ complex were used against microorganisms. Two successive dilutions (6 and 3 μg/mL) of the derivative (L) showed antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, three successive dilutions (6, 3, and 1.5 μg/mL) of the derivative (L) showed antifungal activity. However, all of six dilutions of the Fe3+ complex showed antimicrobial activity. Derivative (L) showed 3 and 1.5 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against bacteria and fungi, respectively. On the contrary, its Fe3+ complex showed 0.37 μg/mL value of MIC against bacteria and fungi. Hence, Fe3+ complex of the derivative (L) was found to be a more effective antimicrobial agent against selected bacteria and fungi than the diamide derivative (L).

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities of 1H-Imidazo [5, 6-f] [1,10] Phenanthroline-2(3H)-Thione and Its Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Radiet Anbessie Tirkeso ◽  
Tilahun Wubalem Tsega ◽  
Gebru G/Tsadik Amdemichael
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Distorted Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

As multidrug resistant pathogens are emerging, the search for novel potent drug candidates is ever going. Heterocycles are known by their broad spectrum of biological activities, so a search for a new drug from heterocycles can elevate the chance of success. The aim of this study was to obtain novel potent antimicrobial compounds. In line with this, 1H-imidazo [5, 6-f] [1,10] phenanthroline-2(3H)-thione and its complexes (Ni(II) and Cu(II)) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated against bacterial strains. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N, and S), FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, AAS, UV-Vis spectra, and molar conductivity measurement. The results showed that the ligand is bidentate, and the molar conductivity measurement indicates that complexes are electrolytic. Electronic spectral study showed octahedral and distorted octahedral geometry for the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complex, respectively. The ligand and its complexes were screened against four bacterial strains using disk diffusion method. The result revealed that the Ni(II) complex showed more bioactivity than gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while the Cu(II) complex is more active than the Ni(II) complex against Bacillus subtilis. Both Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes exhibit higher antibacterial activities than the free ligand.

scholarly journals 128. Adequacy of Commonly Prescribed Antimicrobials for Empiric Coverage of Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Recovered from the Bloodstream of Patients Attending Emergency Rooms in Canada: Analysis of Data from the CANWARD Study, 2007 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S93-S93
Author(s):  
Andrew Walkty ◽  
Heather Adam ◽  
Melanie Baxter ◽  
Amina Henni ◽  
Philippe Lagace-Wiens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteremia ◽  
Average Proportion

Abstract Background Inadequate empiric antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative bacteremia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion of Gram-negative bacterial isolates recovered from the bloodstream of patients attending Canadian emergency rooms (ERs) that remain susceptible to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Methods Annually from 2007 to 2018, sentinel hospitals across Canada collected bloodstream isolates from patients attending ERs as part of the CANWARD study. Susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution as described by CLSI (data analysis limited to Gram-negative bacteria in the top 10 pathogens), with current CLSI breakpoints applied. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were confirmed using the CLSI disk diffusion method. Results Gram-negative bacteria among the top 10 bloodstream pathogens for patients seen at ERs across Canada were: Escherichia coli (n = 2,414), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 573), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 211), Proteus mirabilis (n = 119), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 114). Aggregate susceptibility of these isolates to common antimicrobials was as follows (% susceptible [S]): meropenem 99.4% S, piperacillin–tazobactam 98.5% S, gentamicin 93.3% S, ceftriaxone 88.1% S, ciprofloxacin 81.4% S, TMP-SMX 73.5% S. The most active antimicrobials evaluated vs. E. coli were meropenem (100% S), piperacillin–tazobactam (98.8% S), and ceftriaxone (93.3% S). Ceftriaxone susceptibility among E. coli isolates declined from 95.4% in 2007 to 89.8% in 2018. The average proportion of E. coli isolates that harbored an ESBL enzyme increased from 3.4% in the first three study years to 8.4% in the last three study years. The most active antimicrobials evaluated vs. K. pneumoniae isolates were meropenem (99.7% S), piperacillin–tazobactam (98.8% S), gentamicin (97.7% S), and ceftriaxone (96.9% S). Conclusion The most consistently active antimicrobials for empiric treatment of patients at Canadian ERs with Gram-negative bacteremia are meropenem and piperacillin–tazobactam. Ceftriaxone susceptibility among E. coli has declined over the last 12 years, mostly related to an increase in ESBL-producing isolates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Overexpressing a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase from Acinetobacter radioresistens Becomes Resistant to Imipenem

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Minerdi ◽  
Ivan Zgrablic ◽  
Silvia Castrignanò ◽  
Gianluca Catucci ◽  
Claudio Medana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acinetobacter Radioresistens

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance is a global issue currently resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people a year worldwide. Data present in the literature illustrate the emergence of many bacterial species that display resistance to known antibiotics;Acinetobacterspp. are a good example of this. We report here thatAcinetobacter radioresistenshas a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (Ar-BVMO) with 100% amino acid sequence identity to the ethionamide monooxygenase of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Acinetobacter baumannii. Both enzymes are only distantly phylogenetically related to other canonical bacterial BVMO proteins. Ar-BVMO not only is capable of oxidizing two anticancer drugs metabolized by human FMO3, danusertib and tozasertib, but also can oxidize other synthetic drugs, such as imipenem. The latter is a member of the carbapenems, a clinically important antibiotic family used in the treatment of MDR bacterial infections. Susceptibility tests performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method demonstrate that imipenem-sensitiveEscherichia coliBL21 cells overexpressing Ar-BVMO become resistant to this antibiotic. An agar disk diffusion assay proved that when imipenem reacts with Ar-BVMO, it loses its antibiotic property. Moreover, an NADPH consumption assay with the purified Ar-BVMO demonstrates that this antibiotic is indeed a substrate, and its product is identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to be a Baeyer-Villiger (BV) oxidation product of the carbonyl moiety of the β-lactam ring. This is the first report of an antibiotic-inactivating BVMO enzyme that, while mediating its usual BV oxidation, also operates by an unprecedented mechanism of carbapenem resistance.

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