Correlation between results of functional lordosis test and digital pelvic inclinometer

THE AIM of this study is to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children at primary classes through applying the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer and to correlate the results with the Functional Test. METHODS. The screening examination involved 132 children with the average age 8, 7 from the beginning classes in Sofia. The lumbar lordosis was assessed through the Fuctional Test in all children during the period April - June 2016.. The DPI was applied for preliminary investigation in 25 children of measuring left and rigth pelvic inclination and therefore – torsion. RESULTS. The lordosis test is negative in 8 children and 16 are with functional lordosis. The mean value of the test with DPI - left sided, for healthy children is 7.1 degrees, and in children with functional lordosis is 10.90. The difference of 3.80 is statistically significant due to the value of T-Student criterion (t) of 2.63 at a critical value of 2.07. CONCLUSION. The results showed the correlation between the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer Test and the Functional Lordosis Test. Тhis study confirmed that the applying of the Digital Pelvic Inclinometer give an opportunity to precise the diagnostics of lumbar lordosis in children.

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Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2004.0009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 119-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S.D. Gurney ◽

D.S.L. Lawrence

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Mean Value ◽

Mean Values ◽

Stable Isotopic Composition ◽

Meltwater Runoff ◽

Stable Isotopic ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

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Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve as a Donor Source for Digital Nerve Grafting: A Concept Revisited

The Open Orthopaedics Journal ◽

10.2174/1874325001711011041 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1041-1048 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mehmet Bekir Unal ◽

Kemal Gokkus ◽

Evrim Sirin ◽

Eren Cansü

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cutaneous Nerve ◽

Digital Nerve ◽

Mean Values ◽

Nerve Grafts ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Mean Time

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the availability of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) autograft for acute or delayed repair of segmented digital nerve injuries. Patients and Methods: 13 digital nerve defects of 11 patients; treated with interposition of LACN graft that harvested from ipsilateral extremity were included in the study. Mean follow up period was 35, 7 months. The mean time from injury to grafting is 53, 3 days. The results of the mean 2PDT and SWMT values of injured /uninjured finger at the end of follow up period were evaluated with Paired T test. The correlation between the defect length and the difference of 2PDT, SWMT values between the uninjured and injured finger at the end of follow up period; were evaluated with Pearson - correlation analysis. Results: The mean value of our 2PDT and SWMT results are ~5,923, ~3, 52, respectively in which can be interpreted between the normal and diminished light touch. The defect length and difference percentage of SWMT values is positively and significantly correlated statistically. Mean length of interposed nerve grafts was 18.5 mm. The age of the patient and the mean values of 2PDT and SWMT with the difference % of 2PDT and % of SWMT are not statistically correlated. Conclusion: Based on results regarding sensory regaining at recipient side and negligible sensory deficit at harvesting side, we suggest that lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve might be a valuable graft option for digital nerve defects.

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True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2020.64.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 9-12

Author(s):

Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽

Raghunatha Rao D ◽

Vasantha L

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Mean Value ◽

Serum Cholinesterase ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Chronic Poisoning ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant. During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

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Secular trends in weight, height and weight for height among children under 7 years in nine cities of China, 1975–2015: results from five repeated cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e029201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ya Qin Zhang ◽

Hui Li ◽

Hua Hong Wu ◽

Xin Nan Zong

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Mean Value ◽

Secular Trends ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Sample Sizes ◽

Older Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Increasing Trends ◽

Over Time

ObjectiveTo analyse the secular trends in mean value and distribution of weight, height and weight for height in children under 7 years in developed regions in China.DesignFive repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted using the same methods at the same sites during 1975–2015.SettingNine cities in northern, central and southern regions of China.PopulationHealthy children under 7 years; the sample sizes were 94 496 in 1975, 79 177 in 1985, 79 152 in 1995, 69 760 in 2005 and 83 583 in 2015.Main outcome measuresWeight and height were measured by the same methods in the five surveys.ResultsThe increasing trends in the mean value of weight, height and weight for height were observed and their distribution was found to have shifted upwards. There were unbalanced increments in various centiles and the relative increments in the 3rd centile of height for children under 7 years were larger than those in the 50th and 97th centiles. Although the relative increments in the 3rd centile of weight for children under 2 years were larger than those in the 50th and 97th centiles, the increments in the 97th centile for children older than 2 years became the largest compared with other centiles. The changes in each centile of weight for height were similar with those of weight. The annual increments of height and weight increased over time and were more significant between birth and 2 years of age for height and between ages 4 years and 6 years for weight. The per-decade increments in 1975–1985, 1985–1995 and 1995–2005 became larger, while those in 2005–2015 slowed down.ConclusionsThe rapid increasing trends of weight, height and weight for height had slowed down since 2005 in developed regions of China. The relative increments in the low centile of height were more significant, while the high centile of weight and weight for height increased more significantly in older children.

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Oxygen Saturation of Hemoglobin in Healthy Children of 2- 14 Years at High Altitude in Nepal

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6912 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

S Shrestha ◽

L Shrestha ◽

N Bhandary

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

High Altitude ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Older Children ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Lower Altitude ◽

Value Of Children ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Altitudes

Background Individuals residing at higher altitude may have oxygen saturation of hemoglobin different to those living at lower altitude. # Objectives To find out the baseline value of SpO2 in healthy Nepali children (2-14 years) living permanently at high altitude using pulse oximeter and also to study the relation of SpO2 with age, sex and ethnicity. Methods A descriptive observational study was conducted at 4 different altitudes ranging from 2700 to 3800 m in Mustang district. The mean pulse oximery values at different altitudes were calculated and compared. Results One hundred six children were enrolled with the median age of 10 years. The mean SpO2 value of children permanently residing at altitude 2700m was 95.18%, at 2800m was 94.82%, at 3550m was 94.1% and 3800m was 93.1%.The difference in the SpO2 values at different altitude was statistically significant. No sex or age wise differences were noted on the mean SpO2 values in the study group. Conclusions The mean SpO2 values were higher than several other studies done in the altitude above 2500 meters. Enrollment of older children and the different ethnic background could be the contributing factors for the differences. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 40-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6912

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III. On the uneliminated instrumental error in the observations of magnetic dip

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1868.0085 ◽

1869 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 427-429

Keyword(s):

Mean Value ◽

Usual Method ◽

Centre Of Gravity ◽

Single Reading ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

Number Of Passes ◽

Source Of Error ◽

Complete Observation

A single reading of one end of a dipping-needle placed in a dip-circle provided with microscopes for observing is liable to a variety of instrumental errors, which are eliminated by taking the mean of the sixteen readings of the two ends in the eight different positions included in a complete observation. Nevertheless it is found that with the best modern instruments a mean value results from these sixteen observations different for each different needle, and that the difference between the results obtained with two different needles is not the same at all times. The irregularities in the values of the dip observed at Bombay with two needles of excellent character made by Barrow of London, led the author to investigate the effect of a hypothetical irregularity in the shape of the axle of the needle, such that a section of the axle by a plane perpendicular to its axis would be elliptical instead of circular in form. Another source of error, which was brought to the notice of the Royal Society many years ago in a paper published in the Proceedings, is the displacement of the centre of gravity of the needle from the centre of the axle, combined with inequality in the magnetization of the needle when the poles are direct and reversed. Experience has led the author to the conclusion that the usual method of magnetization, by a definite number of passes of the same pair of bar-magnets, communicates magnetism to the needle very unequally when the one end of the needle is made north and when the other end is made north. Consequently it is advisable to investigate the effects of ellipticity of the axle and of displacement of the centre of gravity at the same time, which the author proceeds to do.

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Effect of Erythropoietin on Platelet Function and Glycoprotein Expression in Patients with MDS.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.3993.3993 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 3993-3993

Author(s):

Fotis F.I. Girtovitis ◽

Dimitrios D. Bougiouklis ◽

Michel M.P. Makris ◽

Elefteria E. Pithara ◽

Pantelis P.E. Makris

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Mean Value ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽

Mean Values ◽

Human Recombinant Erythropoietin ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract Aim: We decide to study the effect of erythropoietin on the platelet function and glycoproteins expression in patients (pts) with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). All patients suffered from primary MDS but none of them received any special treatment. From our study pts that suffered from diseases or they were receiving medication that affect the function of platelets were excluded. Furthermore pts with platelet count<50,000/μl were excluded also because we were unable to check the aggregation of platelets. Material: 41 subjects were studied, 15 normal subject (10 men and 5 women mean age 66,6±14 years old)and 26 pts (17 men and 9 women with mean age70,9±7,4 years old) suffered from all types of MDS according to FAB criteria (9 with RA, 3 with RARS, 7 RAEB, 4 with CMML and 3 with RAEB-t). We divided them in 2 groups: 1st - 7 Pts receiving human recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) with mean dose 30.000 iu subcutaneous weekly and 2nd - 19 without rEPO. Methods. 1- The platelet function was studied in Platelet Ionized Calcium Aggregometer (PICA) using Ristocetin, ADP, Collagen and Adrenalin as stimulators. 2- The expression of platelet glycoproteins (GPIb, IX, IIb, IIIa and P-selectin) was studied using the flow cytometry and special monoclonal antibodies. This way the percentage of glycoprotein expressed in platelet membrane and MFI were estimated. We performed the statistical analysis of our results using the t-test with common standard deviation.. Results: our results concerning the aggregation test and flow cytometry are presented in tables 1,2 and 3. From the study of our results we can see that while the decrease of aggregation between the patients under EPO and normal subjects is statistically non significant (p<0.1)the decrease of the corresponding values between the pts that did not received EPO and normal subjects was statistically very significant for all stimulators (p <0,001). pts under EPO show an important increase of platelet expressing GPIIb percentage grater than the expressed percentage of patients without EPO (60% vs. 46,1% correspondingly, p<0.001). The difference of expressed MFI was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of our study show us that erythropoietin improves the function of platelets in patients with MDS, probably through the increase of platelet percentage which express glycoproteins. Table 1 Comparison of the mean value of aggregation between the groups Table 2 Comparison of the mean values of the platelets expressing corresponding glycoproteins percentage between the groups Table 3 Comparison of the mean value of MFI between the groups

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Cystatin C-Based Evaluation of Kidney Function of HIV-Infected Children in Benin City, Southern Nigeria

International Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2012/861296 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Moses Temidayo Abiodun ◽

Nosakhare J. Iduoriyekemwen ◽

Phillip O. Abiodun

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Cystatin ◽

The Mean

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now a confirmed risk factor for kidney disease with an increased burden in persons of African descent.Method. We measured the serum cystatin C levels of 205 ART-naive, HIV-infected children by an ELISA technique and compared them with the levels of apparently healthy children.Result. The mean ± SD serum cystatin C level of children with HIV infection was 1.01 ± 0.44 mg/L, significantly higher than the mean value in the control group, that is, 0.72 ± 0.20 mg/L (P=0.000). The mean ± SD cystatin C-based estimated GFR of children with HIV infection was 102.7 ± 31.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, significantly lower than 126.9 ± 28.5 mL/min/1.73 m2in the control group, (P=0.014). A significantly higher proportion of HIV-infected children compared to controls had eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2(21.5% versus 5.4%;P=0.00). The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the HIV-infected children was 10.7%. The cystatin C-based eGFR of the HIV-infected children ≥5 years old correlated positively with their CD4 count (r=0.23; P=0.022).Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of CKD among HIV-infected children, requiring regular monitoring of their kidney function using a cystatin C-based method.

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Comparison of the genetic diversity in two species of cycads

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt04052 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 219 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Longqian Xiao ◽

Xun Gong ◽

Gang Hao ◽

Xuejun Ge ◽

Bo Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

General Opinion ◽

Simple Sequence ◽

Striking Contrast

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to examine the level and distribution of genetic diversity in two cycad species: Cycas parvula S.L.Yang and C. balansae Warburg. The former is found in only two adjacent populations and the latter in a relatively wider distribution. Although genetic diversity in C. balansae (He = 0.1301) is higher than that in C. parvula (He = 0.0538), both are still low in comparison with the mean value (He = 0.169) in gymnosperms. This confirms the general opinion that cycads are genetic relics. The genetic differentiation in both species, however, presents a striking contrast: Gst is 0.0978 in C. parvula, but 0.4003 in C. balansae, which may be ascribed to the difference in distances between their populations.

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Physical and mental growth and development in children with congenital hypothyroidism: a case–control study

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases ◽

10.1186/s13023-021-02017-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Javad Nazari ◽

Kimia Jafari ◽

Maryam Chegini ◽

Akram Maleki ◽

Pari MirShafiei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Screening Program ◽

Case Control ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Children Development ◽

Control Study

Abstract Introduction The clinical complications of congenital hypothyroidism such as brain disorders are very subtle and are not recognizable in infancy period. They are recognizable when it is too late for treatment or prevention. General screening of newborns is effective in diagnosing congenital hypothyroidism and initiating initial treatment. The aim of this study is to compare the physical and mental growth pattern of children with congenital hypothyroidism with healthy ones. Methods This case–control study was performed on 34 patients and 68 healthy children who were matched in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Children development screening test (ASQ), children development assessment test (Bayley), preschool Wechsler intelligence scale (WPPSI) and age and steps questionnaire of emotional social development (ASQ-SE) were completed by trained questioners. Data were analyzed using STATA software. Results The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean of verbal (P = 0.77), non-verbal (P = 0.81) and general (P = 0.66) IQ in permanent and transient patients and healthy individuals. Also, there was no significant difference between the mean of different ranges of ASQ test (including communication, delicate and large movements, problem solving and social) at 12 months and 42 months (P < 0.05). According to Bayley test, there was no significant difference between the cases (permanent and transient) and controls in the cognitive (P = 0.42) and expressive (P = 0.38) categories. The difference was significant in the perceptual (P = 0.011), large (P = 0.03) and delicate (P = 0.04) movements categories. Conclusion This study emphasized on the high effectiveness of neonate hypothyroidism screening program, so that the difference between 3.5 years old children with and without this disease has decreased significantly. Early diagnosis of the patients, while creating beneficial effects for patients and increasing quality of life, cause reduction in the long-term costs of the health system.

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