scholarly journals Structure and content of tourists’ physical training at the stage of preliminary basic training

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
V.G. Savchenko ◽  
N.V. Moskalenko ◽  
O.S. Mikitchik ◽  
O.R. Gorbonos-Andronova ◽  
O.V. Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Preferential Orientation ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Training Material ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Training Exercises

The purpose of the research is to substantiate scientifically the structure and content of tourists’ physical training at the stage of preliminary basic training. Material and methods . The study involved athletes aged 12-13 years. The control and experimental groups consist of 32 young men in each group. Results . It was developed and experimentally substantiated the structure and content of athletes-tourists’ physical training. It was determined the content and volumes of physical training types (general, special and additional). It was developed the complexes of training exercises with a rational correlation of general and additional physical training means. The ratio of the main types of training was as follows: general physical training - 35%, special - 15% and additional - 50%. Conclusions . The rock climbing and slacklining were offered for the preparatory period as the means of additional physical training. These means are based on the structure of motor activity and preferential orientation focused on the development of coordination, power, speed and speed-power qualities.

TEACHING MULTI-ROTATION JUMPS TO FEMALE SKATERS AGED 10–11 WITH THE USE OF «ROTATOR» VESTIBULAR SIMULATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Ivan Martynenko ◽  
Ekaterina Borisenkova ◽  
Yana Suslenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
The North ◽  
Training Methodology ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Training Exercises

Currently, Russian skaters are delivering incredible performances worldwide. In this regard, diverse social groups show increasing interest in this sport. Thus, professionals pay much attention to the coaching for win-win outcomes. It is especially important for single female skaters at the competitions where few hundredths of a point determine results of several participants from Russia, and at the same time dozens of points separate them and skaters from other countries on the podium. The aim of the research is to test the techniques of teaching multi-rotation jumps to female skaters aged 10-11. These techniques are part of training methodology, and they consider harmony, interconnection and versatility of sport training in general. These techniques include special exercises with the use of “Rotator” simulator. Materials and methods of the research. In our research, we used the review and analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical processing of the results. The experiment covered two groups of female athletes born in 2007-2008, with 8 people in each group. All the participants came from the «Zvezda» Center of Physical Culture and Sports of the North-Western administrative district of Moscow. Research results and discussion. Participants of the experimental group were performing the developed sets of exercises on general physical training, special physical training (including “Rotator” vestibular simulator) and training on skating rink during six months. The research revealed a significant increase in the technical and physical fitness of the participants of this subgroup. Conclusion. The developed set of “Rotator” simulator exercises, as well as complexes of auxiliary and special training exercises with increasing coordination complexity are effective in teaching multi-rotation jumps to female skaters aged 10-11 compared with the standard exercises performed in the control group.

FEATURES OF FOOD PREFERENCES OF YOUNG MEN WITH DIFFERENT PHYSICAL TRAINING

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Елена Игоревна Дубровина ◽  
Дмитрий Сергеевич Королев ◽  
Олег Петрович Каражелясков ◽  
Александр Петрович Анищенко ◽  
Константин Георгиевич Гуревич
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Group 1

Статья посвящена особенностям формирования гигиенических подходов к питанию юношей с различной физической подготовкой. В статье проанализированы практические навыки и методики организации культуры питания спортсменов высокоинтенсивных видов спорта и юношей, не занимающихся спортом. Определены некоторые подходы к рациональности режима питания. Особенности рациона питания юношей, имеющих профессиональную физическую подготовку, связываются с определением потребности организма спортсменов в энергии, пищевых и биологически активных компонентах. В результате работы выявлено, что скелетно-мышечная масса у спортсменов отличается высоким и пропорциональным развитием на туловище и конечностях. Основной обмен у юношей, борцов имеющих интенсивную физическую общую физическую подготовку, или же занимающихся борьбой, выше, чем у юношей, не занимающихся спортом. При детальном рассмотрении рациона потребляемых продуктов выявлено преобладание мясных блюд у юношей, имеющих интенсивную физическую подготовку, это ведет к преобладанию белков в пище. Колбасные изделия занимают значительное место в питании группы 1; также, юноши группы 1 чаще других обследованных употребляют чай, газированные напитки The article is devoted to the peculiarities of formation of hygienic approaches to nutrition of young men with different physical training. The article analyzes the practical skills and methods of organizing a nutrition culture for athletes of high-intensity sports and young men who do not engage in sports. Some approaches to the rationality of the diet are defined. Features of the diet of young men with professional physical training are associated with determining the needs of the body of athletes in energy, food and biologically active components. As a result, it was found that the musculoskeletal mass of athletes is characterized by high and proportional development on the trunk and limbs. Main exchange for young wrestlers who have intensive physical General physical training, or engaged in wrestling, higher than that of young men who are not engaged in sports. A detailed review of the diet of consumed products revealed the predominance of meat dishes in young men with intensive physical training to the predominance of proteins in food. Sausage products occupy a significant place in the diet of group 1; also, young men of group 1 are more likely to use tea and carbonated drinks than other subjects

scholarly journals SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING OF QUALIFIED GREEK-ROMAN STYLE WRESTLERS AT THE SPECIALIZED STAGE BASIC TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Voronyy ◽  
◽  
Olena Lukina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: increasing the level of special physical readiness of Greco-Roman style wrestlers at the stage of specialized basic training to improve the effectiveness of competitive activity. Material and methods: The study involved 30 athletes aged 16-17 years. Athletes are engaged in Greco-Roman wrestling in the Dnepropetrovsk region. The research was carried out on the basis of the Pridneprovsk State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports at the Department of Boxing, Wrestling and Weightlifting of PGAFKiS, KDYuSSh "Dynamo", KZ DOSHVSM (Dnipro). A control and experimental group was created in the amount of 15 boys in each group. Anthropometric methods, index method were used; pedagogical methods of research of general and special physical readiness of 16-17 year old wrestlers, determination of the level of special endurance of wrestlers according to V.F. Boyko; analysis of video recordings of competitive bouts of qualified Greco-Roman style wrestlers; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: after the pedagogical experiment, according to the results of general physical fitness, the athletes of the experimental group significantly exceeded the wrestlers of the control group in terms of power qualities (increase - 52.1%), general endurance (10.7%) and speed-strength qualities (5.4%). Also, the wrestlers of the experimental group significantly exceeded the athletes from the control group in all indicators of special physical fitness, the growth of indicators ranged from 33.2% to 10.1%. The analysis of indicators revealed that the wrestlers of the experimental group significantly improved their indicators in the effectiveness of the attack in the stalls, the effectiveness of defense in the standing position and the effectiveness in the stalls compared to the athletes of the control group. Conclusion: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the problem of training Greco-Roman style wrestlers at the stage of specialized basic training revealed a number of problematic issues related to the peculiarities of improving the process of special physical training of middle weight wrestlers. The structure of annual training of wrestlers at the stage of specialized basic training has been developed and experimentally substantiated, which is built taking into account the individual style of conducting a competitive combat of a wrestler, manifestation of physical qualities and the calendar of competitions. An improvement in the level of special physical readiness of wrestlers, a better performance of complex technical and tactical actions and a higher efficiency of indicators of competitive activity of athletes

ASSOCIATION OF BDKRB2 AND ACE GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH ERYTHROCYTE ADRENOREACTIVITY IN YOUNG MEN WITH DIFFERENT MOTOR ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
A.Z. Dautova ◽  
E.A. Khazhieva ◽  
V.G. Shamratova ◽  
L.Z. Sadykova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Ace Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Physically Inactive

The aim of the paper was to study the association of polymorphic variants of rs4646994 (I/D) of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) and rs5810761 (+9/-9) of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene (BDKRB2) with erythrocyte adrenoreactivity (ARE) in athletes and untrained young men. Materials and Methods. The study involved 61 young men (aged 21–23) with different levels of motor activity (MA). ARE was evaluated according to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) change under adrenaline in vitro at final concentrations 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-9, 10-11, 10-13 g/ml of venous blood. According to the effect observed and ESR shifts under adrenaline, we distinguished 3 ARE types: antiaggregative (AnAg), areactive (Ar) and aggregative (Ar). Results. The results of comparative and correlation analyses demonstrated that young athletes with +9/-9 (BDKRB2) genotype were characterized by a higher aggregative resistance of erythrocytes to the effects of both physiological (<10-9 g/ml) (physiological adrenaline concentration, PAC) and stressful doses (>10-9 g/ml) of adrenaline (stress adrenaline concentration, SAC), as well as by predominance of AnAg and Ar ARE types. In athletes, among the representatives of different genotypes of АСЕ gene I/D polymorphism, the erythrocyte response to adrenaline did not have any statistically significant differences. In physically inactive students, namely individuals with the D/D genotype, maximal ESR deviation under PAC was less than in those with I/D genotype. Conclusion. Athletes with *-9 allele (+9/-9 genotype) in their genotype can be considered more stress-resistant, which is provided by optimal adaptive and compensatory body mechanisms. Apparently, resistance of cells to the adrenaline contributes much to the work of these mechanisms. As for the ACE gene polymorphism, its effect on the suspension characteristics of erythrocytes is less pronounced not only in physically inactive young men, but in athletes as well. Keywords: erythrocyte adrenoreactivity (ARE), stress tolerance, β2 bradykinin receptor gene (BDKRB2), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, motor activity. Цель работы – изучить ассоциацию полиморфных вариантов rs4646994 (I/D) гена ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (АСЕ) и rs5810761 (+9/-9) гена рецептора брадикинина 2 типа (BDKRB2) с адренореактивностью эритроцитов (АРЭ) у спортсменов и юношей, ведущих физически малоактивный образ жизни. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принял участие 61 юноша с разным уровнем двигательной активности (ДА) в возрасте 21–23 лет. Оценку АРЭ проводили по изменению скорости оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ) под действием адреналина in vitro в конечных концентрациях 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-11, 10-13 г/мл венозной крови. По характеру наблюдаемого эффекта в соответствии с направленностью сдвигов СОЭ в присутствии адреналина мы выделили 3 типа АРЭ: антиагрегационный (АнАг), ареактивный (Ар) и агрегационный (Аг). Результаты. По результатам сравнительного и корреляционного анализа установлено, что юноши-спортсмены с генотипом +9/-9 (BDKRB2) характеризуются более высокой агрегативной устойчивостью эритроцитов к воздействию как физиологических (10-9 г/мл и ниже), так и повышенных (стрессовых) доз (выше 10-8 г/мл крови) адреналина, а также преобладанием АнАг- и Ар-типов АРЭ. У представителей разных генотипов полиморфизма I/D гена АСЕ реакция эритроцитов на адреналин не имела статистически значимых различий в группе спортсменов, тогда как в группе малоактивных студентов у лиц с генотипом D/D максимальное отклонение СОЭ при ФКА было меньше, чем при генотипе I/D. Выводы. Спортсменов, имеющих в своём генотипе аллель *-9 (+9/-9 генотип), можно считать более стрессоустойчивыми, что обеспечивается оптимальными адаптивно-компенсаторными механизмами организма, существенная роль в обеспечении которых, по-видимому, принадлежит устойчивости клеток к действию адреналина. Что касается полиморфизма гена АСЕ, то его влияние на суспензионные характеристики эритроцитов выражено слабее не только у физически малоактивных юношей, но и у спортсменов. Ключевые слова: адренореактивность эритроцитов (АРЭ), стрессоустойчивость, ген рецептора брадикинина β2 (BDKRB2), ген ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (АСЕ), двигательная активность.

Body Shaping Through Aerobic Training in the Gym in Adult Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Alexandra Giurgiu ◽  
Iacob Hanțiu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Training Exercises

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Regular physical activity has positive effects on human body composition, even if not combined with a diet. For many people this activity aims to reduce the amount of fat in some areas of the body and targets body shaping. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to learn about the effects of a 12-months regular participation in aerobic training exercises. Methods. This study was voluntarily attended by 89 women with an average age of 31.62, practicing aerobic exercises in gyms, three times a week for a period of 12 months. We carried out anthropometric measurements of subjects at the beginning and at end of the study, respectively, and data was statistically analysed using the SPSS 23.0 software. Results. Data collected was statistically processed, showing that participation in physical training led to reducing body weight by 4.81 kg, decrease of adipose tissue - between the two moments there was a difference of 5 % - fat mass decreased by 4.26 kg, and lean body mass by 0.55 kg. Significant decrease in chest, waist and hip circumference was also noticed. Conclusions. Regular participation in physical training programs involving aerobic exercise for 12 months has had the effect of reducing body weight and the amount of fat in some areas of the body, materialized by decreasing the value of the circumference of the chest, waist and hips, with the intention of reaching the ideal body weight and aiming for body shaping.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Implementation of Combat Sports – Martial Arts – in the Physical Training of Military Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martinescu-Bădălan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Military Students ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Current Context ◽  
General Physical ◽  
The Military ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractIn the current context, martial arts continue to evolve and constantly develop, capturing the attention and the interest of the population of the entire world, the branch of these being diversified, offering individuals the possibility to be practiced, even by those with physical or mental disabilities. Nowadays, the large categories of armed forces of the world use martial arts as part of general physical training, with the purpose of self-defence against the enemy, discipline, improved physical and mental condition, improvement of the ability of the military to adapt to harsh conditions, as well as fighting without using weapons.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MODULAR TRAINING PROGRAM FOR THE PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT DISCIPLINE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SEASONAL NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
S.V. KHUDIK ◽  
◽  
D.A. ZAVYALOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Modular Structure ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Experimental Group

Statement of the problem. Today, when the epidemic raises specific requirements to the sanitary standards, teachers of the Physical Culture and Sports discipline need to take the maximum use of open spaces for their classes. The most common exercises for the autumn and spring periods of the academic year are cross-country running for different distances, general and strength development exercises in outdoor sports grounds. During the stable snow cover period, physical education focuses on ski training. Such activities have been always used as a perfect way of preventing respiratory diseases and virus infections. The problem and the task set before the teaching staff is support and stimulation of the students’ interest to outdoor training all year round, since only regular practice combined with knowledge in the sphere of physical culture and sports may develop a need for physical activity in the future. In this situation, it appears natural to add orienteering in the areas adjacent to the ski stadiums to the Physical Culture and Sports classes. The purpose of the article is to develop a modular structure for building the program of the Physical Culture and Sports discipline for students of non-physical culture profile during year-round outdoor activities using orienteering means, ski and general physical training. The methodology of the research includes the basic principles of physical education at higher educational institutions, methodological basics of physical development through ski training at the student age, the basics of embedding orienteering into the physical education process, analysis and generalization of the academic publications dedicated to the practical implementation of the Physical Culture and Sports discipline at higher educational institutions. The research results allow us to state that the application of the modular structure of the program of the Physical Culture and Sport academic discipline on the basis of two kinds of sports – ski training and orienteering, as well as the block of general physical training, which is mandatory in all training programs on this discipline is a more effective form for the implementation of this academic discipline. As a result of introducing this block structure there was an increase in the average attendance of physical education classes by students of the experimental group in the autumn semester from 74.56 ± 3.78 to 88.24 ± 4.62, in the spring the numbers increased by 13-14% (p <0.05), namely, from 76.23 ± 4.15 to 89.15 ± 4.44. The results of strength tests from the Physical Traning Standards (GTO) complex also significantly increased owing to the concentration of general physical training on a specially selected block, where these exercises were performed with multiple effortful repetitions not exceeding 30% – 40% of the possible individual maximum. In the ski training block, the students of the experimental group, on average, in each lesson were able to walk longer distance, longer by 29% by boys and by 32% by girls compared to the students of the control group. Orienteering block in autumn and spring allows students to fully master the competitive exercise in this sport. Conclusion. The designed block-based structure may be recommended for implementation in the training program among university students majoring in non-sport subjects with access to skiing centers equipped with skiing tracks and some mapped forest area. This is especially relevant in the difficult epidemiological situation in the country when the need for open-air training among students complying with all the applicable sanitary standards becomes extremely acute.

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