Interface Study of SiO2/ HfO2/SiO2 Stacks Used as InterPoly Dielectric for Future Generations of Embedded Flash Memories

2010 ◽  
Vol 1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Guiraud ◽  
Nicolas Breil ◽  
Mickaël Gros-Jean ◽  
Damien Deleruyelle ◽  
Gilles Micolau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Silicate Layer ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
Thermal Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Study ◽  
Embedded Flash

AbstractWe have investigated the integration of Hf-based material as Inter Poly Dielectric in flash memories devices. Electrical measurements showed the good properties of SiO2/HfO2/SiO2 stacks. We then interested to the impact of the thermal budget on this specific stack which induces changes in the electrical properties. XPS measurements suggests those changes are due to the presence of an Hf-silicate layer at the SiO2/HfO2 interface.

Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Dogan ◽  
Md Mahbub Alam ◽  
Navid Asadizanjani ◽  
Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Information ◽  
The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

scholarly journals Investigation of the functional network modifier loading on the stoichiometric ratio of epoxy resins and their dielectric properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istebreq A. Saeedi ◽  
Sunny Chaudhary ◽  
Thomas Andritsch ◽  
Alun S. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Network Modifier ◽  
Epoxy Resin System ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact

AbstractReactive molecular additives have often been employed to tailor the mechanical properties of epoxy resins. In addition, several studies have reported improved electrical properties in such systems, where the network architecture and included function groups have been modified through the use of so-called functional network modifier (FNM) molecules. The study reported here set out to investigate the effect of a glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (GPOSS) FNM on the cross-linking reactions, glass transition, breakdown strength and dielectric properties of an amine-cured epoxy resin system. Since many previous studies have considered POSS to act as an inorganic filler, a key aim was to consider the impact of GPOSS addition on the stoichiometry of curing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed significant changes in the cross-linking reactions that occur if appropriate stoichiometric compensation is not made for the additional epoxide groups present on the GPOSS. These changes, in concert with the direct effect of the GPOSS itself, influence the glass transition temperature, dielectric breakdown behaviour and dielectric response of the system. Specifically, the work shows that the inclusion of GPOSS can result in beneficial changes in electrical properties, but that these gains are easily lost if consequential changes in the matrix polymer are not appropriately counteracted. Nevertheless, if the system is appropriately optimized, materials with pronounced improvements in technologically important characteristics can be designed.

Crystallization of Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Arsenault ◽  
D. E. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Conductivity Activation Energy ◽  
X Ray

Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films were prepared by co-evaporation of the excess element during the normal Zn3P2 deposition. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the structural properties and the crystallization process. Agglomeration of the excess element within the as-made amorphous Zn3P2 thin film accounted for the structural properties observed after annealing the sample. Electrical measurements showed that excess Zn reduces the conductivity activation energy and increases the conductivity, while excess P up to 15 at.% does not alter the electrical properties significantly.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hair Spray Exposure to the Changes in Electrical Properties of Mice Organ

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Complex Polymers ◽  
The Impact

Human activities at this time tend to use substances that are pollutants and have an impact on health. Pollutants can enter the body through the process of respiration and will disrupt the organ function. Substances that are often used in daily life and potentially as pollutants are hairspray. They contain vinyl acetate and methacrylate complex polymers. Cocamide DEA surfactants in hairspray can cause cancer and produce toxins. The use of hairspray continuously will cause organ damage due to the emergence of secondary metabolites and free radicals. The diagnosis of organ damage in the latest research from various scientists is to utilize the electrical characteristics of the organ. The bioelectric characteristic that can be observed is dielectric constant. Based on the impact of organ damage and suspected changes in organ electrical properties due to exposure to pollutants, a study needs to be conducted to observe changes in the resistivity and dielectric constant in organ tissue in mice exposed to hairspray with cocamide DEA surfactant content. The results showed that the more concentration of exposure given causes increasing the level of damage to the organs. The increasing level of damage is very significant in the changing of the resistivity and dielectric constant value of mice organs. The changing of electrical properties of mice organs is possible due to damage to organ cells caused by increasing reactive oxygen species and free radicals due to oxidation reactions resulting from the interaction of cocamide DEA with cell components.

scholarly journals The Impact of Owner Gender in Family Businesses in Indonesia Liliana Dewi, Kazia Laturette, and I Gusti Bagus Yos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Dewi ◽  
Kazia Laturette ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Yosia Wiryakusuma
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

There are differences in the way people perceive the role of women and men in business. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of male or female leaders on two business families in Indonesia. The success of the family company cannot be separated from the role of the first generation in trusting future generations to continue their family business. A qualitative approach was used, where the data were collected through interviews with two family companies with different generations of successors. One family company has a female successor generation and another family company has a male successor. The findings showed that the first generation trusted from an early age and involved the second generation in the family business, whether their children were girls or boys. In fact, all succeeded in taking over the baton of leadership. An interesting finding is that even though the next generation is female and handles welding, which is more commonly done by men, thanks to the trust given by their parents, this next generation would be more masculine in order to gain legitimacy from employees who have worked for a long time in the company. This is as good as the next generation of men in other family companies. Keywords: family business, gender, first-generation roles, succession of success

scholarly journals Enhanced Electrical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited LaxAlyO Thin Films with Stress Relieved Preoxide Pretreatment

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Hongxia Liu ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Yongte Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Breakdown Field ◽  
Gate Leakage Current ◽  
Interface Engineering ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Mis Capacitor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breakdown Field Strength ◽  
Gate Leakage Current Density

The impact of stress relieved preoxide (SRPO) interface engineering on the physical and electrical properties of LaxAlyO films was investigated. It was proved that the SRPO pretreatment has little influence on the surface morphology of LaxAlyO films and the chemical bond composition of LaxAlyO/Si interface. However, the SRPO pretreated MIS capacitor displayed obvious improvement in decreasing the amount of trapped oxide charges and interfacial traps. As a result, a reduction of more than one order of magnitude in the gate leakage current density was obtained. The breakdown field strength and TDDB reliability of the LaxAlyO film treated with SRPO were also enhanced.

The Impact of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene on Electronics Industry

2018 ◽  
pp. 2897-2907
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal ◽  
Gabriel Herrera-Pérez ◽  
Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
The World ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Since its discovery in 1991 and 2004, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Sumio Iijima, and graphene by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004, these materials have been extensively studied around the world. Both materials have electronic, thermal, magnetic, optical, chemical, and mechanical extraordinary properties. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has predicted that these nanomaterials are potential replacements of the conventional materials used in the manufacture of integrated circuits. Two of the technological aspects that both materials share and have reduced their extensive use are processing and dispersion required to homogenize the electrical properties of the materials based on them. Fortunately, these problems are being solved thanks to the ongoing investigation, and in a short time the materials used in today's electronics industry will be replaced by devices based on these novel materials. The impact of the applications of both materials in the electronics industry, as well as future trends in the following decades are discussed in this paper.

The Women of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Claradina Soto ◽  
Toni Handboy ◽  
Ruth Supranovich ◽  
Eugenia L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cheyenne River

This chapter describes the impact of colonialism on indigenous women with a focus on the experience of the Lakota women on the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation in South Dakota. It explores the experiences of indigenous women as related to history, culture, intrapersonal violence, and internalized oppression. A case study of a Lakota woman is provided as an example of strength and triumph in overcoming adversity and being empowered despite the challenges of marginalization faced by many Native Americans in the United States and indigenous women throughout the world. The chapter discusses how readers can be advocates and actively engage in decolonizing and dismantling systems of oppression to protect future generations and to allow indigenous communities to heal and revitalize.

scholarly journals Information can be stored in the human skin memristor which has non-volatile memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Pabst ◽  
Ørjan G. Martinsen ◽  
Leon Chua
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Volatile Memory

AbstractMuch is already understood about the anatomical and physiological mechanisms behind the linear, electrical properties of biological tissues. Studying the non-linear electrical properties, however, opens up for the influence from other processes that are driven by the electric field or movement of charges. An electrical measurement that is affected by the applied electrical stimulus is non-linear and reveals the non-linear electrical properties of the underlying (biological) tissue; if it is done with an alternating current (AC) stimulus, the corresponding voltage current plot may exhibit a pinched hysteresis loop which is the fingerprint of a memristor. It has been shown that human skin and other biological tissues are memristors. Here we performed non-linear electrical measurements on human skin with applied direct current (DC) voltage pulses. By doing so, we found that human skin exhibits non-volatile memory and that analogue information can actually be stored inside the skin at least for three minutes. As demonstrated before, human skin actually contains two different memristor types, one that originates from the sweat ducts and one that is based on thermal changes of the surrounding tissue, the stratum corneum; and information storage is possible in both. Finally, assuming that different physiological conditions of the skin can explain the variations in current responses that we observed among the subjects, it follows that non-linear recordings with DC pulses may find use in sensor applications.

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