scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections in children: current trends in antiviral therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
I.I. Andrikevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers

The aim is тto study the clinical efficacy of Flavovir® in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in young children. Materials and methods. The study included 60 young children who received outpatient treatment at the primary health care centers of the Vinnytsia region in the period from 2019 to 2021. The inclusion criteria for the study were ARVI and age аfrom 1 month to 3 years; exclusion criteria were еaggravated premorbid background (immunodeficiency diseases, congenital malformations, etc.), the use of other antiviral drugs, influenza vaccination. According to this aim the children are divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 30 children with ARVI who received Flavovir® (Research and Production Company "Ecopharm" Ltd, Ukraine) in combination with symptomatic therapy. The second group consisted of 30 patients with ARVI who received only symptomatic therapy. The distribution of patients into groups was carried out randomly. The groups were representative for age, sex, structure and severity of disease. Results. During the study the drug Flavovir® showed an effective antiviral effect in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in young children. In ase of the introduction of Flavovir® in the treatment regimen of the examined patients, a positive dynamics of clinical disease was noted: the intoxication syndrome disappeared three times faster (Group I — duration on average 3.4±0.2 days; Group II — 10.4±0.6 days , p<0.05), catarrhal syndrome disappeared approximately two times faster (group I — duration on average 4.5±0.4 days; II group — 9.6±0.7 days, p<0.05); нthere was a reduction in the recovery time by almost two times (group I — on average 5.81±0.5 days, II group — 11.8±0.6 days, p<0.05). The drug is well tolerated by patients and safe for children. Conclusions. The results obtained allow to recommend Flavovir® in age-specific doses for the etiotropic therapy of modern acute respiratory viral infections in young children, taking into account the direct antiviral effect of the drug. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent of the parents of the children was obtained for the research. The author declares no conflicts of interest. Key words: children, treatment, acute respiratory viral diseases, Flavovir.

scholarly journals The assessment of the rationality of the pharmacotherapy of acute respiratory viral infection in the outpatient practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
O. P. Balitska ◽  
Yu. M. Hryhoruk ◽  
M. A. Artemchuk ◽  
V. S. Zlahoda V. S.
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The State ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Protocol ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Outpatient Practice

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARI) and influenza occupy a leading place in the structure of the overall morbidity of the population in most countries. Aim. To assess the rational prescription of drugs for etiotropic therapy of ARI in the outpatient practice. Materials and methods. The following materials for research were used: case histories; treatment sheets; the Unified clinical protocol of primary care for adults and children “Acute respiratory infections”; data of the State Formulary of Medicines as of January 2021; the Register of wholesale prices; the weekly “Apteka” (Pharmacy). The methods of retrospective, descriptive, frequency, and VEN-analysis were applied. Results. According to the research results, using patient histories, it was found that family doctors prescribed 67 drugs by trade names. For etiotropic therapy, 24 drugs were used; it was 37 % of the total number, and 63 % – for symptomatic therapy. Such drugs as Amizon, Aflubin, Amixin, Resistol, Umkalor were for etiotropic therapy (more than 5 prescriptions). None of these drugs is included in the State Formulary of Medicines and the Unified clinical protocol for the treatment of influenza and SARS. Thus, these drugs are without the proven efficiency, safety and cost-effective use. Conclusions. The study conducted has shown that the drugs prescribed most often do not have an evidence base of efficacy and safety; none of the most frequently prescribed drugs is included in the State Formulary of Medicines and the Unified clinical protocol. A direct relationship between an increase in the number of prescriptions and an increase in price has been proven. Key words: acute respiratory viral infections; influenza; frequency analysis; VEN-analysis; family doctor.

Immunological reactivity in children with recurrent bronchoobstructive syndrome in acute respiratory viral infections

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
A. D. Tsaregorodtsev ◽  
N. I. Kuznetsova ◽  
L. M. Malysheva ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
D. Sh. Khaertynova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity

The aim of this study was to compare the state of nonspecific resistance, cellular and humoral immunity in young children with acute respiratory infections with a smooth course, with the first episode of bronchoobstructive syndrome (BOS) and with recurrence of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Bronchomed Balsam as a Remedy of Choice for Pathogenetic and Symptomatic Therapy of Acute Inflammatory Diseases of Respiratory System in Humans

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
D.V. Maltsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbal Preparation ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy of acute viral infections of the respiratory system has been a stumbling block of modern therapeutic approaches for this pathology. Bronhomed Balsam is a combined herbal preparation with pathogenetic and symptomatic action, which is used for colds of the respiratory tract. This preparation has antimicrobial, mucolytic, bronchodilator, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, sedative and diaphoretic effect. This review presents the discussion of the composition of the preparation in the context of therapeutic effects of its components. In the focus of attention is anise oil, which contains such active ingredients as anethole, shikimic acid and lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes, which have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Another point discussed is the effect of anise oil on the nitric oxide system and the production of interferon gamma, which are important components of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action of the preparation. It has been established that the inclusion of the combined herbal preparation Bronchomed Balsam in the complex of treatment of patients with acute respiratory viral infections allows to effectively stop major symptoms of the disease (in the absence of serious side effects), which indicates the therapeutic efficacy of and good tolerance of to the phytobalm. The therapeutic effect of Bronchomed Balsam is due to its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, expectorant and antiseptic action. This allows to reduce the drug load on the patient's body and to optimize the symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. The author declares no conflicts of interest. Key words: Bronchomed Balsam, acute respiratory viral infections, anise oil.

scholarly journals Immunological Aspects Related to Viral Infections in Severe Asthma and the Role of Omalizumab

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Francesco Menzella ◽  
Giulia Ghidoni ◽  
Carla Galeone ◽  
Silvia Capobelli ◽  
Chiara Scelfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Type I ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Increased Risk

Viral respiratory infections are recognized risk factors for the loss of control of allergic asthma and the induction of exacerbations, both in adults and children. Severe asthma is more susceptible to virus-induced asthma exacerbations, especially in the presence of high IgE levels. In the course of immune responses to viruses, an initial activation of innate immunity typically occurs and the production of type I and III interferons is essential in the control of viral spread. However, the Th2 inflammatory environment still appears to be protective against viral infections in general and in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections as well. As for now, literature data, although extremely limited and preliminary, show that severe asthma patients treated with biologics don’t have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or progression to severe forms compared to the non-asthmatic population. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, exerts a profound cellular effect, which can stabilize the effector cells, and is becoming much more efficient from the point of view of innate immunity in contrasting respiratory viral infections. In addition to the antiviral effect, clinical efficacy and safety of this biological allow a great improvement in the management of asthma.

scholarly journals Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Johansson ◽  
Freja C. M. Kirsebom
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

AbstractViral respiratory infections are a common cause of severe disease, especially in infants, people who are immunocompromised, and in the elderly. Neutrophils, an important innate immune cell, infiltrate the lungs rapidly after an inflammatory insult. The most well-characterized effector mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host defense are largely extracellular and the involvement of neutrophils in protection from numerous bacterial and fungal infections is well established. However, the role of neutrophils in responses to viruses, which replicate intracellularly, has been less studied. It remains unclear whether and, by which underlying immunological mechanisms, neutrophils contribute to viral control or confer protection against an intracellular pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils need to be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to host tissues. This is especially relevant in the lung where damage to delicate alveolar structures can compromise gas exchange with life-threatening consequences. It is inherently less clear how neutrophils can contribute to host immunity to viruses without causing immunopathology and/or exacerbating disease severity. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of how neutrophils in the lung direct immune responses to viruses, control viral replication and spread, and cause pathology during respiratory viral infections.

Effectiveness of protected aminopenicillins in treatment of non-social pneumonia in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Краснова ◽  
В.В. Чемоданов ◽  
Е.Г. Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Пневмония – острое инфекционно-воспалительное заболевание легких преимущественно бактериальной этиологии, характеризующееся выраженной в разной степени дыхательной недостаточностью, токсическими и респираторными нарушениями, локальными физикальными симптомами, а также инфильтративными изменениями на рентгенограмме. Заболеваемость внебольничными пневмониями повышается в октябре-декабре, достигая максимума в январе-апреле, коррелируя с сезонным повышением уровня острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Схожесть симптомов дебюта пневмонии с проявлениями острых респираторных вирусных инфекций может привести к несвоевременной ее диагностике и, как следствие, к отсроченному началу лечения. Поэтому в период сезонной заболеваемости респираторными инфекциями должна повышаться настороженность врачей-педиатров в отношении внебольничной пневмонии. Антибактериальная терапия оказывает решающее влияние на прогноз пневмонии, поэтому при достоверном диагнозе или у больного в тяжелом состоянии с вероятным диагнозом ее следует начать незамедлительно. Выбор антибиотика в каждом случае внебольничной пневмонии проводят индивидуально с учетом природной активности препаратов в отношении предполагаемого возбудителя и их возможной приобретенной резистентности, тяжести и течения заболевания, наличия у пациента противопоказаний к использованию тех или иных антибиотиков. В статье приводятся сведения о диагностических критериях внебольничных пневмоний. Рассмотрены вопросы антибактериального лечения типичной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разных возрастных групп амоксициллином с клавулановой кислотой и показана его эффективность. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют заключить, что пероральное использование одного курса защищенного аминопенициллина эффективно при лечении типичной внебольничной нетяжелой пневмонии у детей разного возраста, о чем свидетельствует ликвидация основных клинических проявлений болезни в короткие сроки. Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory lung disease of predominantly bacterial etiology, characterized by respiratory failure, toxic and respiratory disorders, local physical symptoms, and infiltrative changes on the roentgenogram. The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia increases in October-December, reaching a maximum in January-April, correlating with the seasonal increase in the level of acute respiratory viral infections. The similarity of the symptoms of the onset of pneumonia with the manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections can lead to its untimely diagnosis and, as a consequence, to a delayed start of treatment. Therefore, during the period of seasonal morbidity with respiratory infections, the alertness of pediatricians in relation to community-acquired pneumonia should increase. Antibiotic therapy has a decisive influence on the prognosis of pneumonia, therefore, with a reliable diagnosis or in a patient in serious condition with a probable diagnosis, it should be started immediately. The choice of antibiotic in each case of community-acquired pneumonia is carried out individually, taking into account the natural activity of the drugs in relation to the alleged pathogen and their possible acquired resistance, the severity and course of the disease, the patient's contraindications to the use of certain antibiotics. The article provides information on the diagnostic criteria for community-acquired pneumonia. The issues of antibacterial treatment of typical non-severe pneumonia in children of different age groups with amoxicillin with clavulanic acid are considered and its effectiveness is shown. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the oral use of one course of protected aminopenicillin is effective in the treatment of typical community-acquired non-severe pneumonia in children of different ages, as evidenced by the elimination of the main clinical manifestations of the disease in a short time.

scholarly journals Clinical-epidemiological peculiarities of acute respiratory infections in children from 3 to 12 years and evaluation of effectiveness of antivirus therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. A. Khmilevskaya ◽  
N. I. Zryachkin ◽  
V. E. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The aim: to study the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 12 hospitalized in the early stages of the disease in the department of respiratory infections of the children’s hospital, and to reveal the features of their clinical course and the timing of DNA / RNA elimination of respiratory viruses from nasal secretions, depending on the method of therapy. Materials and methods: 100 children with acute respiratory infections aged 3 to 12 years were monitored. The nasal secrets on the DNA / RNA of respiratory viruses were studied by PCR. Depending on the method of therapy, patients were divided into 2 groups: patients of group 1 (comparison) received basic treatment (without the use of antiviral drugs), in patients of the 2nd group (main), along with basal therapy, the drug was used umifenovir in a 5-day course at the ageappropriate dosage. Results: In the etiologic structure of ARVI in children from 3 to 12 years, the leading place was taken by rhinovirus, influenza and metapneumovirus infections (isolated – 18%, 19% and 20% respectively, in the form of a mixed infection – 11%). The main syndromic diagnosis at the height of the disease was rhinopharyngitis. Complications were observed in 42% of cases, as often as possible with flu – 53% of cases. Features of metapneumovirus infection in children of this age group were: predominance of non-severe forms of the disease in the form of acute fever with symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, as well as a small incidence of lower respiratory tract infections. The use of the drug umiphenovir in children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies contributed to significantly faster elimination of viral DNA / RNA from the nasal secretion, which was accompanied by a ecrease in the duration of the main clinical and hematological symptoms of the disease, a decrease in the incidence of complications, and reduced the duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: application of modern molecular genetic methods of diagnostics made it possible to identify the leading role of influenza, metapneumovirus and rhinovirus infections in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infection in patients aged 3 to 12 years, and to determine a number of clinical features characteristic of this age group. The results of the study testify to the effectiveness of umiphenovir in the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies and allow us to recommend this drug as an effective and safe etiotropic agent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of ARVI treatment regimen including etiotropic (enisamium iodide) and symptomatic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
D. A. Lioznov ◽  
E. J. Karnaukhova ◽  
T. G. Zubkova ◽  
E. V. Shakhlanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the antiviral drug enisamium iodide in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) caused by various pathogens in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. А prospective randomized study included 134 patients who were treated in the epidemic season of influenza and ARVI in 20182019. All patients were examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Patients of the main group received enisamium iodide along with symptomatic therapy, the control group received only symptomatic therapy. The primary parameter of the effectiveness of therapy was evaluated on the scale of the general severity of the manifestations of ARVI (Total Symptom Score TSS) from the 2nd to the 4th day and by the secondary criteria of effectiveness: assessment of the duration of ARVI, the severity of fever, the proportion of patients with normal body temperature, the duration of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the proportion of patients in whom complications requiring antibiotics were noted, the dynamics of interferon status on the 6th day. To conduct a statistical analysis, depending on the efficiency parameter, the ANCOVA method with a fixed group factor and an initial score on the TSS severity scale was used as covariates, a criterion for comparing quantitative indicators in two independent groups. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the primary efficacy parameter, the median (interquartile range) of the average score on the scale of the general severity of ARVI manifestations in the main group was 4.33 (3.675.83), in the comparison group 6.00 (4.677.25; p0.001). The duration of systemic and local manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections was statistically significantly less in the main group (p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Prescription of additional therapy was required in 2 (2.9%) patients of the main group (patients taking enisamium iodide), compared with 8 (11.9%) patients in the control group. Serum levels of interferon  and interferon  on the last day of treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients of the main group compared with the control group (p0.001). Treatment (excellent) was evaluated by 42 (62.7%) patients, while in the control group only 17 (25.8%) patients gave similar ratings. Both patients (p0.001) and doctors (p0.002) rated therapy tolerance better in the study group. Conclusion. The results confirmed the safety and effectiveness of enisamium iodide as a treatment for ARVI and influenza. The antiviral, interferonogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug are involved in the formation of an antiviral response and reduce the risk of complications, which makes it possible to reduce the number of symptomatic agents used.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory viral infections: possibilities of symptomatic therapy of patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
G. N. Nikiforova ◽  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
A. V. Zolotova ◽  
M. A. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Instructions For Use ◽  
Combined Drugs

Acute respiratory viral infections are widespread in the human population. High contagiosity, a wide variety of pathogens, the possibility of rapid changes in the genotype of the virus and, accordingly,cause the development of drug resistance, make it possible to develop epidemics, and sometimes pandemics of SARS.The clinical picture of all acute respiratory diseases consists of local and general manifestations. Local symptoms include difficulty in nasal breathing, rhinorrhea, pain and discomfort in the throat, cough, hoarseness, stuffy ears, and lacrimation. General manifestations of SARS indicate the onset of viremia, and include an increase in body temperature, general weakness, fatigue, malaise, and headache. The mechanism of SARS development determines the  treatment tactics, including etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.Domestic and international clinical recommendations indicate the  possible use of  symptomatic agents for  SARS and influenza.Symptomatic treatment is one of the areas of therapy for patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections and allows you to alleviate the general condition, accelerate recovery and improve the quality of life of patients. The use of combined drugs is safer for patients thenthanmonocomponent drugs, and is safe for patients, in case the instructions for use are strictly observed. Such complex medicines, which provides control of the symptoms of colds and flu within 24 hours, as domestic drug are used for patients with SARS. Due to its components, drughas antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-allergic, angioprotective and vasoconstrictive effects. The synergism of the components of the combined drug allows to increase the effectiveness of therapy of patients with acute respiratory viral infections.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Type-I Interferon for Immediately Available Prophylaxis Against Emerging Respiratory Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos C. Lee ◽  
Yunjin Jeong ◽  
Sumin Lee ◽  
Haewook Jang ◽  
Allen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Type I ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

In addition to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, emerging viruses that cause respiratory viral infections will continue to arise. Increasing evidence suggests a delayed, possibly suppressed, type 1 interferon (IFN-I) response occurs early during COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections such as SARS and MERS. These observations prompt considering IFN-β as a prophylactic or early intervention for respiratory viral infections. A rationale for developing and testing intranasal interferon beta (IFN-β) as an immediately available intervention for new respiratory viral infections that will arise unexpectedly in the future is presented and supported by basic and clinical trial observations. IFN-β prophylaxis could limit the spread and consequences of an emerging respiratory viral infection in at-risk individuals while specific vaccines are being developed.

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