scholarly journals Bioremediation of Phenol by Mutated and Immobilized Aspergillus and Penicillium Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
Amany G. IBRAHIM ◽  
Lujin S. AL-GHAMDI
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Penicillium Griseofulvum

Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates epoxies, bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs. In order to increase the biodegradation of phenol by fungi, fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium griseofulvum and Aspergillus terreus), were isolated from different contaminated sites in Saudi Arabia such as Jeddah Governate, the second industrial city of Jeddah, some garbage collection places, gas stations and Red Sea), then  screened for phenol degradation. For the first time in Saudi Arabia, biodegradation of phenol by fungi is improved by mutation as well as immobilization of fungi above calcium alginate. The isolated fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium griseofulvum and Aspergillus terreus), were mutated physically (UV) and chemically (Ethidium bromide), also immobilized in alginate beads and its phenol degradation efficiency was observed. The degradation was increased many fold after immobilization, but after mutation some mutants appeared highly degradation rate for the phenol such as Aspergillus  niger, and Penicillium griseofulvum but Aspergillus terreus appeared highly degradation rate for the phenol only after exposure to UV for 5 and 10 mins only than the wild strains. In addition, phenol degradation was increased with increase the fungal disk size of the tested strains.

Mycoflora in Commercial Pet Foods

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
JULIO O. SILVA ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia ◽  
Made In

This article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in Argentina and imported. The isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. Ten genera and fungi classified as Mycelia sterilia were identified. The predominant genera were Aspergillus (62%), Rhizopus (48%), and Mucor (38%). The most prevalent among Aspergillus was Aspergillus flavus followed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. The predominant Mucor was Mucor racemosus followed by Mucor plumbeus and Mucor globosus. The moisture content of these foods ranged from 5.6 to 10.0% and from 7.2 to 9.9% for dog and cat foods, respectively. A greater moisture content in food for the senior category (9.5 ± 0.2) was observed only in comparison to adult and kitten/puppy. If the moisture content can be maintained at these levels, mold growth would be prevented or at least it would remain at an insignificant level. Some genera and species isolated and identified from the foods analyzed are potentially producing toxins, which are known as mycotoxins. This involves a risk for animal health.

scholarly journals Metabolic Engineering of Fungal Strains for Conversion of d-Galacturonate to meso-Galactarate

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mojzita ◽  
Marilyn Wiebe ◽  
Satu Hilditch ◽  
Harry Boer ◽  
Merja Penttilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hypocrea Jecorina ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Reductive Pathway

ABSTRACT d-Galacturonic acid can be obtained by hydrolyzing pectin, which is an abundant and low value raw material. By means of metabolic engineering, we constructed fungal strains for the conversion of d-galacturonate to meso-galactarate (mucate). Galactarate has applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals and as a platform chemical. In fungi d-galacturonate is catabolized through a reductive pathway with a d-galacturonate reductase as the first enzyme. Deleting the corresponding gene in the fungi Hypocrea jecorina and Aspergillus niger resulted in strains unable to grow on d-galacturonate. The genes of the pathway for d-galacturonate catabolism were upregulated in the presence of d-galacturonate in A. niger, even when the gene for d-galacturonate reductase was deleted, indicating that d-galacturonate itself is an inducer for the pathway. A bacterial gene coding for a d-galacturonate dehydrogenase catalyzing the NAD-dependent oxidation of d-galacturonate to galactarate was introduced to both strains with disrupted d-galacturonate catabolism. Both strains converted d-galacturonate to galactarate. The resulting H. jecorina strain produced galactarate at high yield. The A. niger strain regained the ability to grow on d-galacturonate when the d-galacturonate dehydrogenase was introduced, suggesting that it has a pathway for galactarate catabolism.

scholarly journals Surface Microstructure Study of Polyethylene Blends for Developing Environmental Degradable Plastic Bags

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
M Amin Ruhul ◽  
Basel F Abu-Sharkh ◽  
Mamdouh Al-Harthi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Surface Microstructure ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Polyethylene Blends ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Degradable Plastic

The morphology of the polymer blends retrieved from degradation experiments was investigated by studying the fractured surfaces using Scanning Electron Microscope for investigating the degradability of environmentally degradable plastic bags. We study the influence of adding photodegradable additives to film grade polyethylene under natural weathering conditions in Saudi Arabia. The films were exposed in outdoor environments located in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Comparison of different additives was determined and the additive PDQ-H shows the highest performance on the basis of degradation rate in the harsh environment of Saudi Arabian desert. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15847 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 8-11

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA PLANT EXTRACT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Danish ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Strains

Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant used in many therapeutic purposes. Naturally it is composed of many useful compounds that have ability to use for treatment of many diseases. The active compounds reported in this plant are saponins, sugar, enzymes, vitamins, aloesin, aloeemodin, aloin, acemannan aloemannan, aloeride, methylchromones, flavonoids, naftoquinones, sterols, minerals, anthraquinones, amino acids, lignin and salicylic acid and other different compounds including fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, enzymes, minerals, simple/complex sugars, organic acid and phenolic compounds. In this study aloe vera is used for antibacterial and antifulgal activity against different strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungal strains. Ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves and roots is applied on these bacterial and fungal strains in different concentrations (15, 20, 25, 30µl). Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtitis, Bacillus megaterium, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and some other bacterial strains are used for this study. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefacins shows zone of inhibition around 18mm which consider as good result. Bacillus subtitis and Bacillus megaterium also shows good result around 16mm. Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows minimum zone of inhibition which is around 11mm. among all used fungal strains (fuserium oxysporum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger) fuserium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger shows excellent results around 19mm both against root extract and leaves extract.

Degradation of Phenol by Fe3+ Doped Nano-TiO2 Photocatalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Du Shu Huang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qing Shan Pan ◽  
Yong Min
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Better Than

Degradation properties of phenol using nano-TiO2 as photocatalyst in aqueous solution were investigated. The effect of annealing temperature and ionic modification on the degradation was studied. The results showed that, 500 °C annealed TiO2 was better than 700 °C annealed. Photocatalyst nano-TiO2 material doped with Fe3+ was prepared quickly by sol-gel process and was used as photocatalyst to degrade phenol solution of 100mg/L under UV irradiation for 3 hours. UV spectrophotometer testing was made and found that two peaks at 210 nm and 270 nm were significantly become low, indicating that the phenol has been degraded. The phenol degradation rate was 94.18%.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Production of Bioactive Terrein by Aspergillus terreus Strain S020 Isolated from the Saudi Coast of the Red Sea

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Z. Asfour ◽  
Zuhier A. Awan ◽  
Alaa A. Bagalagel ◽  
Mahmoud A. Elfaky ◽  
Reda F. A. Abdelhameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fungal Strains

The diversity of symbiotic fungi derived from two marine sponges and sediment collected off Obhur, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), was investigated in the current study. A total of 23 isolates were purified using a culture-dependent approach. Using the morphological properties combined with internal transcribed spacer-rDNA (ITS-rDNA) sequences, 23 fungal strains (in the majority Penicillium and Aspergillus) were identified from these samples. The biological screening (cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities) of small-scale cultures of these fungi yielded several target fungal strains which produced bioactive secondary metabolites. Amongst these isolates, the crude extract of Aspergillus terreus strain S020, which was cultured in fermentation static broth, 21 L, for 40 days at room temperature on potato dextrose broth, displayed strong antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and significant antiproliferative effects on human carcinoma cells. Chromatographic separation of the crude extract by silica gel column chromatography indicated that the S020 isolate could produce a series of chemical compounds. Among these, pure crystalline terrein was separated with a high yield of 537.26 ± 23.42 g/kg extract, which represents the highest fermentation production of terrein to date. Its chemical structure was elucidated on the basis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with reported data. The compound showed strong cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), with IC50 values of 12.13 and 22.53 µM, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of A. terreus strain S020 for the industrial production of bioactive terrein on a large scale and the importance of future investigations of these strains to identify the bioactive leads in these fungal extracts.

A morphological, enzymatic and metabolic approach to elucidate apoptotic-like cell death in fungi exposed to h- and α-molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 20702-20716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemencia Chaves-Lopez ◽  
Hang N. Nguyen ◽  
Rodrigo C. Oliveira ◽  
Enrico T. Nadres ◽  
Antonello Paparella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
First Time

The present study compares for the first time the effects of h-MoO3and α-MoO3against two fungal strains:Aspergillus nigerandAspergillus flavus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MUCUNA COCHINCHINENSIS EXTRACTS ON EFFLUX PUMP IN FUNGAL STRAINS

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
NATARAJAN K. ◽  
KUMARESH JAWAHAR N.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibition

Objective: To study the efflux pump inhibition activity of Mucunacochinchinensis extracts Methods: Sensitivity assay was performed by Kirby Bauer technique. Effluxing ability of microbe was done by accretion, accumulation and efflux pump assays. Results: Resistant fungal strains were subjected to efflux ability studies. Maximum effluxing ability was determined from the experimental data and it was found to be 105 min and 75 min by Candida albicans for methanolic extract of M. cochinchinenesis (MMC) and ethanolic extract of M. cochinchinensis (EMC) respectively and 45 min and 105 min by Aspergillus niger for MMC and EMC respectively. Profound synergistic effect of inhibition was observed with combined MMC and standard Clotrimoxazole when compared to the standard alone; against C. albicansindicates the modulating efficacy of MMC. Conclusion: M. cochinchinensis extracts showed efflux pump modulating activity.

Prevalence of otomycosis in Khouzestan Province, south-west Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saki ◽  
A Rafiei ◽  
S Nikakhlagh ◽  
N Amirrajab ◽  
S Saki
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South West ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of otomycosis and aetiological agents in Khouzestan province, south-west Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study examined and cultured 881 swabs from suspected external otitis cases, collected from throughout Khouzestan province. Fungal agents were identified by slide culture and complementary tests when necessary.Results:The mean patient age was 37 years. The 20–39 year age group had the highest prevalence of otomycosis: 293 cases, comprising 162 (55.3 per cent) women and 131 (44.7 per cent) men. The seasonal distribution of cases was: summer, 44.7 per cent; autumn, 28.7 per cent; winter, 14.7 per cent; and spring, 11.9 per cent. The fungal agents isolated were Aspergillus niger (67.2 per cent), Aspergillus flavus (13 per cent), Candida albicans (11.6 per cent), Aspergillus fumigatus (6.2 per cent) and penicillium species (2 per cent).Conclusion:Fungal otomycosis is still one of the most important external ear diseases. In this study in south-west Iran, Aspergillus niger was the predominant aetiological agent. However, clinicians should be cautious of candidal otomycosis, which has a lower rate of incidence but is more prevalent among 20–39 year olds.

Phenol Degradation Characteristics and Immobilization of Acinetobacte Strain HY1

2012 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Bo Jia ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Hu Peng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Immobilized Bacteria ◽  
Culture Time

The phenol degradation characteristics and immobilization of an Acinetobacte strain HY1 were carried out. The effects of phenol concentration, temperature, pH and NaCl dosage on the growth of HY1 and phenol degradation rate were investigated. The results showed that When the bacteria was cultured in 0.5 g/L phenol solution at 35 °C and pH 7.5 with shaking speed 120 r/min, liquid volume in flask 50 mL and inoculation amount 20 % for 6 h, the degradation rate of phenol was over 95 %. Compared with free bacteria, immobilized bacteria had a higher phenol degradation rate after a long culture time.

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