Influence of stretching exercises in musculoskeletal pain in nursing professionals

Abstract Introduction: Nursing professionals (NPs) experience musculoskeletal pain that leads them to leave work. Objective: To analyze the effects of muscle stretching exercises (MSE) on pain among NPs. Method: This is a randomized controlled parallel experiment, in which 28 NPs (7 men and 21 women) were allocated into experimental (EG, n = 15; 47.4 years ± 9.5) and control (CG, n = 13; 39.15 years ± 9.6) groups. MSEs were performed for two months, three days a week, 40 min per session. A visual numeric scale was used, for which the intensity ranged from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). The research was registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry website (TRIAL: RBR- 8chg6q). For statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk, T-independent and two-way ANOVA tests were applied for repeated measures with Tukey’s post-hoc test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Most NPs work on weekends (68%) and/or have other professional activities (60.7%); 42.9% had to miss work at least once in the year prior to the survey and 66.7% of those were due to medical reasons; 42.9% work more than 10 hours/day. Of the NPs, 89.3% of the volunteers in both groups lived daily with pain in some region of the body. Pain decreased after the MSE program was initiated in the EG (p = 0.001) and differed from the CG (p = 0.002). Conclusion: MSEs were beneficial for pain reduction in NPs.

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Reduction of estimated fluid volumes following initiation of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the placebo-controlled, randomized EMBLEM trial

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01295-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Atsushi Tanaka ◽

Michio Shimabukuro ◽

Hiroki Teragawa ◽

Yosuke Okada ◽

Toshinari Takamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Medical Information ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Extracellular Volume ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

The Body

Abstract Backgrounds/Aim Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors promote osmotic/natriuretic diuresis and reduce excess fluid volume, and this improves cardiovascular outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure. We sought to assess the effect of empagliflozin on estimated fluid volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods The study was a post-hoc analysis of the EMBLEM trial (UMIN000024502), an investigator-initiated, multi-center, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized-controlled trial designed primarily to evaluate the effect of 24 weeks of empagliflozin treatment on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and established CVD. The analysis compared serial changes between empagliflozin (10 mg once daily, n = 52) and placebo (n = 53) in estimated plasma volume (ePV), calculated by the Straus formula and estimated the extracellular volume (eEV), determined by the body surface area, measured at baseline and 4, 12, and 24 weeks after initiation of treatment. Correlations were examined between the changes from baseline to week 24 in each estimated fluid volume parameter and several clinical variables of interest, including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration. Results In an analysis using mixed-effects models for repeated measures, relative to placebo empagliflozin reduced ePV by − 2.23% (95% CI − 5.72 to 1.25) at week 4, − 8.07% (− 12.76 to − 3.37) at week 12, and − 5.60% (− 9.87 to − 1.32) at week 24; eEV by − 70.3 mL (95% CI − 136.8 to − 3.8) at week 4, − 135.9 mL (− 209.6 to − 62.3) at week 12, and − 144.4 mL (− 226.3 to − 62.4) at week 24. The effect of empagliflozin on these parameters was mostly consistent across various patient clinical characteristics. The change in log-transformed NT-proBNP was positively correlated with change in ePV (r = 0.351, p = 0.015), but not with change in eEV. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that initiation of empagliflozin treatment substantially reduced estimated fluid volume parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and CVD, and that this effect was maintained for 24 weeks. Given the early beneficial effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes seen in similar patient populations, our findings provide an important insight into the key mechanisms underlying the clinical benefit of the drug. Trial registration University Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, number 000024502

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Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa571 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽

Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽

Thalita Ponce ◽

Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in Dhol Players in India

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2021.2010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Prachita Walankar ◽

Ninisha Patil

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Specific Area ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Body Region ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Low Back ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Common Site ◽

Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dhol players in India. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 96 dhol players. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of demographic profile, dhol player characteristics, presence of musculoskeletal pain, and specific area of pain according to the body region was used to collect information from the dhol players. RESULTS: The mean age and duration of playing dhol experience were 22.26+3.05 and 6.08+1.27 years, respectively. Among 96 dhol players, 93 (96.9%) and 55 (57.3%) reported presence of musculoskeletal pain with respect to the 12-month prevalence and 7-day prevalence, respectively. In 12-month prevalence, the most common site of pain was the low back (67.7%), followed by shoulder (54.2%) and wrist and hand (24%). In 7-day prevalence, the most common site of pain was the low back (41.7%), followed by shoulder (24%) and upper back (15.6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (p=0.002) and duration of playing dhol (p<0.001) were associated with 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in dhol players. Low back, shoulder, wrist/hand, and upper back were common sites of pain. Identification of these factors in dhol players may assist in further research on targeted prevention, scientific recommendations, and rehabilitation.

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Simple vacuum cup to identify the primary myofascial restriction: the root cause of pain elsewhere

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-240214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e240214

Author(s):

Lenny Thinagaran Vasanthan ◽

Manigandan Chockalingam

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Simple Technique ◽

Primary Source ◽

The Body ◽

Detailed History ◽

Root Cause ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Cause Of Pain ◽

Musculoskeletal Examination ◽

Gold Standards

Identification of the primary source of pain determines the success of musculoskeletal pain management. A detailed history and physical examination are the current gold standards for identifying musculoskeletal pain source in day-to-day clinical practice. This process, at times, may potentially result in inadequate/inappropriate identification of the pain source. In this case report, we present the usefulness of a simple and inexpensive vacuum cup. We found that this accurately identified the primary pain source, distant from and unrelated to the site of pain presentation in a 30-year-old man with back pain. Routine use of this simple technique in conjunction with the regular musculoskeletal examination may better identify primary restrictions in the body tissues. Based on our experience, we propose that this approach has the potential to offer better outcomes in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in the future.

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Comparison of Tympanic and Tail Temperatures in Angus and Brahman Steers

Journal of Animal Science and Research ◽

10.16966/2576-6457.147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dikmen S ◽

Davila KMS ◽

Rodriquez E ◽

Scheffler TL ◽

Oltenacu PA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

The Body ◽

Tympanic Temperature ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Brahman Steers ◽

Core Body

In cattle, core body temperature can be used as an important indicator of heat stress level. However, accurately recording core body temperature can be difficult and labor intensive. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare the recorded tympanic and tail body temperature measurements in steers and 2) to determine the body temperature change of Angus and Brahman steers in a hot and humid environment. Data was analyzed using a repeated measure model where repeated measures were hourly tympanic and tail temperatures and their difference for individual steers during the day of the experiment. There was a significant breed effect (P=0.01), hour (P<0.0001) and breed by hour interaction (P<0.0001) for the tympanic temperature. Brahman steers, which are known to have superior thermotolerance, maintained a lower body temperature than the Angus steers during the afternoon under grazing conditions. In the Brahman steers there was only a minimal increase in the body temperature throughout the day, an evidence of the thermotolerance ability of the breed. In the Angus steers, which experienced an increase in their body temperature from hour to hour with a peak around 1600 hour; there was a significant difference between the tympanic and tail temperature during the times when the body temperature as measured by the tympanic recordings was the highest (1300 to 1700 hour). Our results indicate that the tympanic temperature can be used to accurately and continuously monitor core body temperature in a natural environment for up to several days and without disturbing the animal.

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The Effect of Pedal Pump Lymphatic Technique Versus Passive Recovery Following Maximal Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-021-00402-x ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue ◽

Thomas Chan ◽

Alexandra S. Jensen ◽

James E. B. Docherty ◽

Rebecca Grohman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

The Body ◽

Intense Exercise ◽

Passive Recovery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recovery Protocols

Abstract Context Muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can occur following intense exercise. Various modalities have been studied to improve blood lactate accumulation, which is a primary reason for DOMS. It has been well established that active recovery facilitates blood lactate removal more rapidly that passive recovery due to the pumping action of the muscle. The pedal pump is a manual lymphatic technique used in osteopathic manipulative medicine to increase lymphatic drainage throughout the body. Pedal pump has been shown to increase lymphatic flow and improve immunity. This may improve circulation and improve clearance of metabolites post-exercise. Objective This study compared the use of pedal pump lymphatic technique to passive supine recovery following maximal exercise. Methods 17 subjects (male n = 10, age 23 ± 3.01; female n = 7, age 24 ± 1.8), performed a maximal volume O2 test (VO2 max) using a Bruce protocol, followed by a recovery protocol using either pedal pump technique or supine passive rest for 10 min, followed by sitting for 10 min. Outcome measures included blood lactate concentration (BL), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and VO2. Subjects returned on another day to repeat the VO2 max test to perform the other recovery protocol. All outcomes were measured at rest, within 1- minute post-peak exercise, and at minutes 4, 7, 10 and 20 of the recovery protocols. A 2 × 6 repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare outcome measures (p ≤ 0.05). Results No significant differences were found in VO2, HR, or SBP between any of the recovery protocols. There was no significant difference in BL concentrations for recovery at minutes 4, 7, or 10 (p > 0.05). However, the pedal pump recovery displayed significantly lower BL concentrations at minute 20 of recovery (p = 0.04). Conclusion The pedal pump significantly decreased blood lactate concentrations following intense exercise at recovery minute 20. The use of manual lymphatic techniques in exercise recovery should be investigated further.

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Methodological Peculiarities of the Usage of Stretching Techniques in the Process of Flexibility Development

Physical education sport and health culture in modern society ◽

10.29038/2220-7481-2017-02-127-130 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 127-130

Author(s):

Oksana Romaniuk ◽

Bohdan Zadvornyi

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Semantic Content ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Physical Activities ◽

The Body ◽

Human Being ◽

Practical Application ◽

Stretching Exercises

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological substantiations of the body flexibility development practically applying the stretching techniques. It was generalized scientific data on the organization and methodological features of stretching exercises. Semantic content and structural componential model of stretching usage in the process of flexibility development and the estimation of the changes of this characteristic according to the age were carried out. In particular, some parameters were highlighted especially which allow to recommend that methodology both for individual and group usage were analyzed. Besides, it was analyzed the diversity of physiological mechanism of the influence of stretching on human body, especially it was singled out the effect on mental and physical spheres of human being. The generalized scientific data on the theoretical and practical aspects of flexibility development with the help of stretching techniques indicate the priority of usage of this method in many types of physical activities irrespective of the scope of its practical application.

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Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in Dart Throwing

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2013-0023 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Grzegorz Juras ◽

Kajetan Słomka

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Training Session ◽

Motor Task ◽

Anticipatory Postural Adjustments ◽

The Body ◽

Target Size ◽

Postural Adjustments ◽

Dart Throwing ◽

Task Parameters ◽

Kinetics Of

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of accuracy constraints on the characteristics of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) in a task that involves a movement consisting of a controlled phase and a ballistic phase. It was hypothesized that APA scaling with task parameters (target size) would be preserved even when the task is performed by muscles that have no direct effects on APA. Sixteen healthy right handed subjects participated in the study. All participants had no prior experience in dart throwing. Subjects’ average age was 24.1 ± 1.9 years. A force platform and a motion capture system were used to register kinetics of the body and kinematics of the throwing arm and throwing accuracy. The experiment consisted of six series of twenty consecutive dart throws to a specified target. Target sizes (T2-T6) were set at 25%, 50%, 75%, 125% and 150% of target 1 (T1) initially set as the spread of the last 20 throws in a 50 throw training session. This allowed to distinguish six indexes of difficulty (ID’s) ranging from 2,9 to 5,9. A one-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Results of ANOVA showed a significant effect of target size at Constant Error but no effect at APA time. There were also no significant differences between hit and miss throws. From a control perspective, it can be stated that changes in central commands did not lead to changes in APA time in the analyzed motor task.

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Assessment of Blood Glucose and Electrolytes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Pakistan

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Abdul Haseeb ◽

Mohammad Hassaan Khan ◽

Akash Khetpal ◽

Muhammad Saad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Blood Electrolytes ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative hyperglycemia has been shown to be related to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), both diabetic and non-diabetic. Blood electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride play a very important role in the normal functioning of the body and can lead to a variety of clinical disorders if they become deficient. A minimal number of studies have been conducted on the simultaneous perioperative changes in both blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in Pakistan. Therefore, our aim is to record and compare the changes in blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.MATERIALS & METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 200 patients who underwent CABG with CPB, from October 2014 to March 2015. The patients were recruited from the Cardiac Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital Karachi after they complied with the inclusion criteria. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the trend of the changes perioperatively for the two groups.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in changes in blood glucose between the two groups (P = 0.62). The only significant difference detected between the two groups was for PaCO2 (P = 0.001). Besides, further analysis revealed insignificant group differences for the trend changes in other blood electrolytes (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Our findings highlighted that there is no significant difference in blood electrolytes changes and the increase in blood glucose levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

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Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.15.4.383 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 383-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Theophanis Siatras ◽

Georgios Papadopoulos ◽

Dimitra Mameletzi ◽

Vasilios Gerodimos ◽

Spiros Kellis

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Warm Up ◽

Dynamic Stretching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Stretching Effect ◽

Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

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