scholarly journals Postprandial lipemia and cardiovascular diseases: the beneficial role of strength exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton Silva Correa ◽  
Bruno Costa Teixeira ◽  
Aline Bittencourt ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Álvaro Reischak-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Strength Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been linked with changes to the lipid profile that can be observed during the postprandial period, a phenomenon known as postprandial lipemia (PL). Physical exercise is currently the number one non-pharmacological intervention employed for prevention and reduction of risk factors for the development of CVD. This in turn has created a growing interest in the effects of physical exercise on regulation and equilibrium of lipid metabolism. In this review we compare the results of studies that have investigated the beneficial effects of strength training on PL. We analyzed articles identified in the PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO databases published from 1975 to 2013 in international journals. Studies were selected for review if they covered at least two of four keywords. The results of these studies lead to the conclusion that strength training is effective for reduction of postprandial lipemia because it increases baseline energy expenditure. This type of training can be prescribed as an important element in strategies to treat chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Skeletal Muscle Sequelae after Stroke: Role of Physical Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio José Coelho Junior ◽  
Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi ◽  
Tiego Aparecido Diniz ◽  
Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes ◽  
Érico Chagas Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory markers are increased systematically and locally (e.g., skeletal muscle) in stroke patients. Besides being associated with cardiovascular risk factors, proinflammatory cytokines seem to play a key role in muscle atrophy by regulating the pathways involved in this condition. As such, they may cause severe decrease in muscle strength and power, as well as impairment in cardiorespiratory fitness. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) has been widely suggested as a powerful tool for treating stroke patients, since PE is able to regenerate, even if partially, physical and cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise in poststroke patients remain poorly understood. Thus, in this study we analyze the candidate mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy in stroke patients, as well as the modulatory effect of inflammation in this condition. Later, we suggest the two strongest anti-inflammatory candidate mechanisms, myokines and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which may be activated by physical exercise and may contribute to a decrease in proinflammatory markers of poststroke patients.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Cardiac Repair: The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Boosting Stem Cell Regenerative Biology

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Fabiola Marino ◽  
Mariangela Scalise ◽  
Eleonora Cianflone ◽  
Luca Salerno ◽  
Donato Cappetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Over the years strong evidence has been accumulated showing that aerobic physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Exercise in healthy subjects fosters physiological remodeling of the adult heart. Concurrently, physical training can significantly slow-down or even reverse the maladaptive pathologic cardiac remodeling in cardiac diseases, improving heart function. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on the heart are still a subject of intensive study. Aerobic activity increases cardiovascular nitric oxide (NO) released mainly through nitric oxidase synthase 3 activity, promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reducing vascular resistance, and lowering blood pressure. On the reverse, an imbalance between increasing free radical production and decreased NO generation characterizes pathologic remodeling, which has been termed the “nitroso-redox imbalance”. Besides these classical evidence on the role of NO in cardiac physiology and pathology, accumulating data show that NO regulate different aspects of stem cell biology, including survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion of pro-regenerative factors. Concurrently, it has been shown that physical exercise generates physiological remodeling while antagonizes pathologic remodeling also by fostering cardiac regeneration, including new cardiomyocyte formation. This review is therefore focused on the possible link between physical exercise, NO, and stem cell biology in the cardiac regenerative/reparative response to physiological or pathological load. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate an exercise-induced cardioprotective phenotype are discussed in regards with myocardial repair and regeneration. Aerobic training can benefit cells implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis and response to damage by NO-mediated pathways that protect stem cells in the hostile environment, enhance their activation and differentiation and, in turn, translate to more efficient myocardial tissue regeneration. Moreover, stem cell preconditioning by and/or local potentiation of NO signaling can be envisioned as promising approaches to improve the post-transplantation stem cell survival and the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals ROLE OF VARIOUS RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Shikha Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Rheumatoid arthritis: influence of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapy on cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
D. I. Trukhan ◽  
D. S. Ivanova ◽  
K. D. Belus
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Rheumatoid arthritis is a frequent and one of the most severe immuno-inflammatory diseases in humans, which determines the great medical and socio-economic importance of this pathology. One of the priority problems of modern cardiac rheumatology is an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, traditional cardiovascular risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypodynamia) and a genetic predisposition are expressed. Their specific features also have a certain effect: the “lipid paradox” and the “obesity paradox”. However, chronic inflammation as a key factor in the development of progression of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction plays a leading role in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in rheumatoid arthritis. This review discusses the effect of chronic inflammation and its mediators on traditional cardiovascular risk factors and its independent significance in the development of CVD. Drug therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids, basic anti-inflammatory drugs, genetically engineered biological drugs) of the underlying disease also has a definite effect on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A review of studies on this problem suggests a positive effect of pharmacological intervention in rheumatoid arthritis on cardiovascular risk factors, their reduction to a level comparable to the populations of patients not suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The interaction of rheumatologists, cardiologists and first-contact doctors (therapist and general practitioner) in studying the mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis will allow in real clinical practice to develop adequate methods for the timely diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

A Comprehensive View on Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs): Genetics, Risk Factors & Preventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61
Author(s):  
Saaim Asif ◽  
Maaz Khan ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Interventions

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of deaths across the world. This review aims to evaluate the genetics and risk factors involved in CVDs and to assess the preventive measures which can be taken for diminishing the chances of developing CVDs. The goal of this review is to provide researchers and clinicians dealing with vascular disorders with a compendium of data about the genetic causes, risk factors, and preventive strategies to combat the development of CVDs. We searched online databases including PubMed for peer-reviewed scientific papers, case studies and review articles related to CVDs, emphasizing on the role of genetics and risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, age & gender in the progression of CVDs, and reviewing the role of diet and exercise in the prevention of CVDs. Managing the risk factors involved in CVDs is the most essential step for the inhibition of vascular diseases. Healthy lifestyle interventions consisting of a well-balanced diet and physical activity are very critical for the prevention of CVDs. Trials carried out on model organisms have indicated a direct link between diet and exercise on cardiovascular conditions. Strategies involved in the treatment of vascular diseases should also include low-fat diet plans like consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, yogurts and avoiding high-saturated fat-containing foods with the addition of performing moderate aerobic exercises including cycling, swimming, hiking, and running to eliminate the root of the problem.

scholarly journals Concentrations of the Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Response to Antiepileptic Drugs: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 107602961985942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽  
Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys ◽  
Ilona Kopyta ◽  
Barbara Dolińska ◽  
Andrzej Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a disease arising from morphological and metabolic changes in the brain. Approximately 60% of patients with seizures can be controlled with 1 antiepileptic drug (AED), while in others, polytherapy is required. The AED treatment affects a number of biochemical processes in the body, including increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is indicated that the duration of AED therapy with some AEDs significantly accelerates the process of atherosclerosis. Most of AEDs increase levels of homocysteine (HCys) as well as may affect concentrations of new, nonclassical risk factors for atherosclerosis, that is, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homoarginine (hArg). Because of the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of CVD, knowledge of HCys, ADMA, and hArg concentrations in patients with epilepsia treated with AED, both pediatric and adult, appears to be of significant importance.

Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular system

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Verbovoy ◽  
Lyudmila A. Sharonova ◽  
O. V. Kosareva ◽  
N. I. Verbovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents data on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The role of dyslipidemia, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), C-reactive protein, deficiency of vitamin D3 in the development of cardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism is discussed. The article describes characteristics of myocardial remodeling, its dysfunction and their correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
I. Y Yarek-Martynova ◽  
M. V Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Lower Extremity Ischemia ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Extremity Ischemia

The review pays attention to a considerable rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to its association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and events. It is noted that these events may be present much earlier than DM is diagnosed. The paper also discusses in detail a role of hyperglycemia, postprandial one in particular, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, impaired blood rheological properties, lipid metabolic disturbances, and genetic and traditional risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and lower extremity ischemia in DM.

scholarly journals Lifelong prevention of cardiovascular disease. Part I: preconceptional, prenatal and infant periods of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
O. V. Kopylova ◽  
A. I. Ershova ◽  
A. N. Meshkov ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cvd Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Current prophylactic actions prevent or significantly delay the majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Various factors are interconnected and affect a person throughout his life, determining the risk of CVD. This indicates the need for preventive measures at all stages of life and even before birth. The beneficial effects of CVD prevention are realized through various genetic, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. Due to the fact that many risk factors for CVD have a cumulative effect, the introduction of preventive measures from the earliest life stages will be most effective. The purpose of the article is to consider various aspects of CVD prevention in the preconceptional, prenatal and infant periods.

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