A Comprehensive View on Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs): Genetics, Risk Factors & Preventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61
Author(s):  
Saaim Asif ◽  
Maaz Khan ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Interventions

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of deaths across the world. This review aims to evaluate the genetics and risk factors involved in CVDs and to assess the preventive measures which can be taken for diminishing the chances of developing CVDs. The goal of this review is to provide researchers and clinicians dealing with vascular disorders with a compendium of data about the genetic causes, risk factors, and preventive strategies to combat the development of CVDs. We searched online databases including PubMed for peer-reviewed scientific papers, case studies and review articles related to CVDs, emphasizing on the role of genetics and risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, age & gender in the progression of CVDs, and reviewing the role of diet and exercise in the prevention of CVDs. Managing the risk factors involved in CVDs is the most essential step for the inhibition of vascular diseases. Healthy lifestyle interventions consisting of a well-balanced diet and physical activity are very critical for the prevention of CVDs. Trials carried out on model organisms have indicated a direct link between diet and exercise on cardiovascular conditions. Strategies involved in the treatment of vascular diseases should also include low-fat diet plans like consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, yogurts and avoiding high-saturated fat-containing foods with the addition of performing moderate aerobic exercises including cycling, swimming, hiking, and running to eliminate the root of the problem.

Digital risk analysis of cardiovascular diseases: new opportunities for the patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (15) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Arnold ◽  
Zoltán Englert ◽  
Csaba Szabadhegyi ◽  
Csaba Farsang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Graphic Presentation

Authors constructed a software helping the prevention programme of coronary and vascular diseases as the classical risk factors are used for graphic presentation of coronary risk as compared to “normal” risk. By repeated estimation alterations in coronary risk status can be compared to previous ones and thereby help evaluating the changes. This programme is highlighted by the presentation of changes in coronary risk of a patient during a 4-year-long period of her medical history. It is also shown how graphic presentation of risk can support the more effective treatment and patient care.

scholarly journals ROLE OF VARIOUS RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Shikha Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Factors Associated

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Concentrations of the Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Response to Antiepileptic Drugs: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 107602961985942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽  
Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys ◽  
Ilona Kopyta ◽  
Barbara Dolińska ◽  
Andrzej Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a disease arising from morphological and metabolic changes in the brain. Approximately 60% of patients with seizures can be controlled with 1 antiepileptic drug (AED), while in others, polytherapy is required. The AED treatment affects a number of biochemical processes in the body, including increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is indicated that the duration of AED therapy with some AEDs significantly accelerates the process of atherosclerosis. Most of AEDs increase levels of homocysteine (HCys) as well as may affect concentrations of new, nonclassical risk factors for atherosclerosis, that is, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homoarginine (hArg). Because of the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of CVD, knowledge of HCys, ADMA, and hArg concentrations in patients with epilepsia treated with AED, both pediatric and adult, appears to be of significant importance.

scholarly journals Genetics in cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Celeghin ◽  
Gaetano Thiene ◽  
Barbara Bauce ◽  
Cristina Basso ◽  
Kalliopi Pilichou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a wide group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery, valve, pericardial, conduction system, myocardial and vascular diseases, either congenital or acquired, which can be also heritable. The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) was accompanied by quick advances in understanding the genetic basis of human diseases, prompting translation of genetics to the clinic. Precision medicine is based on these findings and on the role of genetic testing to improve the diagnosis, to identify individuals with previously unrecognized disease and family members at risk of future disease development which require longitudinal follow-up. However, the probabilistic nature of genetic testing and the subjectivity of genetic variants classification weighted on current evidence, making this powerful clinical tool difficult to be applied in precision diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we reviewed systematically the genetic basis of CVDs with special emphasis on the current role of NGS in clinical diagnosis and risk assessment, underlying the need of multidisciplinary cardio-genetic referral centers.

Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular system

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Verbovoy ◽  
Lyudmila A. Sharonova ◽  
O. V. Kosareva ◽  
N. I. Verbovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents data on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The role of dyslipidemia, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), C-reactive protein, deficiency of vitamin D3 in the development of cardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism is discussed. The article describes characteristics of myocardial remodeling, its dysfunction and their correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
I. Y Yarek-Martynova ◽  
M. V Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Lower Extremity Ischemia ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Extremity Ischemia

The review pays attention to a considerable rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to its association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and events. It is noted that these events may be present much earlier than DM is diagnosed. The paper also discusses in detail a role of hyperglycemia, postprandial one in particular, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, impaired blood rheological properties, lipid metabolic disturbances, and genetic and traditional risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and lower extremity ischemia in DM.

scholarly journals Possibilities of telemedical monitoring risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases: experience of using a patient-oriented model of remote rehabilitation care

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kotelnikova ◽  
Valery N. Senchikhin ◽  
Tatyana P. Lipchanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Rehabilitation Care ◽  
Rehabilitation Model ◽  
High Level ◽  
Remote Assistance

Introduction. The modern system for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and the creation of conditions for the formation and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle (coolant) includes activities in the development of monitoring systems for information on risk factors. Purpose: to assess the capabilities of telemedicine monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in the structure of a patient-oriented model of distance rehabilitation care. Material and methods. The study included patients with coronary heart disease and/or arterial hypertension of the I-III degree, without cognitive dysfunction and contraindications to physical rehabilitation, with a mobile device with Internet access. The following groups were distinguished: remote cardiac rehabilitation, with the participation of patients in a 12-month program (28 patients, 86% of men, average age 55.2 ± 10.7 years), and traditional follow-up (30 patients, 80% of men, average age 64.7 ± 6.9 years). Remote cardiac rehabilitation model provided for office consulting using a decision support system, monitoring indicators based on digital recording devices, mobile applications and the electronic «Patient Diary» deferred telemedicine counselling. The effectiveness of the observation was evaluated by the trend of the modified risk factors; patient satisfaction with remote assistance - according to the «Client Satisfaction Questionnaire - CSQ-8» questionnaire. Results. After completion of the remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) program, a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were observed, and a tendency to increase physical activity. Upon completion of the RCR-program, a high level of satisfaction with telemedicine assistance was noted. Conclusion. The results of the pilot phase of the study, dedicated to the study of the possibilities of remote rehabilitation in the context of maximizing the benefits for cardiovascular prophylaxis, indicate the possibility of using a patient-oriented model of remote cardiac rehabilitation to monitor and modify risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Pesticides-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions: Prevalence and associated mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Adeyemi ◽  
Victor O. Ukwenya ◽  
Olatunbosun K. Arowolo ◽  
Christian C. Olise
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pathological Conditions

: Increased applications of pesticides mainly in agriculture and public health has resulted in increased chances of human exposure to pesticides. Chronic exposure to pesticides has been implicated in several human diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are broadly used for various heart pathological conditions including defect blood vessels, and they include myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease etc. In this review, the association between human exposure to pesticides and development of cardiovascular diseases was discussed using epidemiological and laboratory data. The toxicokinetics of pesticides in humans was reviewed, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The important role of oxidative stress, and principally the induction of reactive oxygen species as the signaling molecules for various signaling pathways involved in pesticidesinduced cardiovascular disease was discussed.

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