scholarly journals Effect of Genetic / Environmental Influence on Growth of Newborn in Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8127-8132
Author(s):  
Susheela Rana ◽  
◽  
Hemender Mahajan ◽  
Nalneesh Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: The effects of altitudinal variation on child growth and development have long been a center of attention for researcher. We believe that hereditary factor primarily affects on child growth and development however environment has secondary effect on it. The available literature on newborns in Himachal Pradesh establishes the fact that as altitude increases the crown heel length decreases. A comprehensive significant finding was also available in both the regions of Himachal Pradesh in terms of head length, foot length, nasal height etc. the comparison between the neonates of the two zones of Himachal Pradesh explains the difference in physical appearance of people of both zones. These features may be biological or behavioral in nature, genetic or developmental in origin. Most instances, a combination of factors are involved. Methods: The present study included 185 parents and their newborns from two zones (Lower zone and Middle zone) of Himachal Pradesh and separated as per the criteria. Measurement of newborn parameters was taken in 12-24 hours after birth by using digital vernier caliper. Ethical clearance from university and permission from Himachal Pradesh government was taken. All the newborns were separated as per criteria 1. Mother / Father from Lower Zone. (Zone category 1) 2. Mother / Father from Middle Zone. (Zone category 2) 3. Mother from Lower Zone / Father from Middle Zone. (Zone category 3) 4. Mother from Middle Zone / Father from Lower Zone. (Zone category 4) Results: Statistically significant difference was obtained in all the four categories. Different parameters were compared across different parent- zone categories by one way ANOVA. The results showed that four parameters shows significantly across groups, viz, Weight, Facial Length, Nasal Height and Philtrum width in all the Zone categories. Conclusions: The early historical studies mention that people living in Himachal Pradesh have migrated from different geographical locations hence their genetics, as well as culture is different from each other. This study clearly demonstrates the effects of environmental factors on child growth and development in Himachal Pradesh. KEY WORD: Anthropometry, Newborn, Himachal, Environment, Genetics.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BOOR GENOTYPE ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD IN HYBRID PIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
І. F. Chernev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Large White ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Purpose of research: In the process of growth and development of pigs, to study the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of young pigs obtained by combining two breed sows with purebred and hybrid boars. Material and research methods. The studies were carried out at the State Agrarian University of Moldova and at the pork production enterprise "SC Agroseminvest SRL". To achieve the goal, the research material was two breed sows large white x Landrace (maternal form) and purebred and hybrid boars: I-pietrain; II-large white x landrace x pietrain; III-(large white x landrace x pietrain) x pietrain; IV-duroc; V-pietrain x duroc, (paternal form). In order to determine the influence of hybrid boars on the growth and development of the offspring, five experimental groups were formed according to the principle of analogs of 6 sows and 30 heads of young animals (15 pigs and 15 castrates). Research results .The data obtained indicate an insignificant increase in the hemoglobin content in group I in comparison with group V animals with a moderate significance of the difference, which was 4 g/l (B ≥ 0.95). Consequently, in groups where meat breeds Pietrain and Duroc were used in various combinations, the hemoglobin content was higher. The best results in terms of the content of erythrocytes were obtained in groups III and V, respectively 7.61 x 1012 и and 7.59 x 1012, and a significant difference was established between groups III and IV (B ≥ 0.99), while in the second group the content of erythrocytes was 0.39 lower than in group III (7.22 x 10¹²). Reliable data on the ALT content were obtained between young pigs of groups I and V (B ≥ 0.95). Some tendencies towards a higher content of AST in the second group have been established. The blood glucose level in hybrid young animals in different combination combinations ranged from 5.68 mmol/l (group I) to 6.19 (group II), and the calcium level from 2.55 mmol/l (group III) to 2.81 mmol/l (group II) with a moderate tendency to increase these indicators in group II. Conclusions: A higher hemoglobin content was found in the I group of animals in comparison with the V group with a moderate significance of the difference, which was 4 g/l (B ≥ 0.95). A significant difference was established between groups III and IV (B ≥ 0.99). A higher content of protein in the blood is found in groups I–II, and is more than 89 g/l. In hybrid young animals, the glucose level in different combination combinations ranged from 5.68 mmol/l (group I) to 6.19 (group II), and the calcium level from 2.55 mmol/l (group III) to 2.81 mmol/l (Group II) with a moderate tendency to an increase in these indicators in group II.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Psikomotorik Bayi 6 – 9 Bulan berdasarkan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Agus Hendra Al-Rahmad ◽  
Ika Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Score ◽  
The Difference

The growth of childhood starting from conception until the age of 18 years. The excellent quality child should be prepared as early as possible, one of them through exclusive breastfeeding, up to the age of 5 months 29 days, so that the growth and development of psychomotor perfectly. This study aims to measure the difference in motor development in infants exclusively breastfed to those not exclusively breastfed. The study was the cross-sectional study conducted in Batoh, July 2016. Samples were infants aged 6-9 months as many as 76. The collection of data is done using a form of SBC observation and interviewing the respondents. Analysis of data using Man-Whitney test Test at CI: 95%. The results showed 48,9% of infants were breastfed exclusively had a good score motor development (9,0), and showed a significant difference (p-value <0,05) than motor development in infants who are not exclusively breastfed, with a value of p = 0,000. In conclusion, the baby did not get a chance to experience exclusive breastfeeding psychomotor development standard below the average of two (2) times greater than being exclusively breastfed. Expected mothers to breastfeed their babies exclusively for a better psychomotor development. Keywords: Growth and development, psychomotor, exclusive breastfeeding, infants 6-9 months

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT REGULARITIES AND EXTERNAL CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF REPAIR YOUNG CATTLE BROUGHT THROUGH THE CROSSBREEDING OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY AND SWISS BREEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
I. V. Verbuch ◽  
O. V. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

Goal. To study the influence of interbreeding of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breeds on growth and development and exterior-constitutional features of repair young stock. Methods. Selection-genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. Results. Research and production studies were conducted on the basis of the breeding plant of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the population of purebred animals of the Podolsk factory type of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (UCHRMP) and local animals obtained from crossbreeding bulls of the Swiss breed. According to the results of experimental studies in identical conditions of feeding and keeping young animals of the experimental groups, it was found that the highest live weight, both at birth and in subsequent age periods is characterized by local young animals. However, a significant difference between the groups of 12.9 kg (td = 2.15; P > 0.95) in favor of crossbreeds is observed only at the age of 18 months. When studying the absolute increase in live weight of experimental calves in the three-month dynamics of postnatal ontogenesis, which is an indicator of the intensity of animal growth, the advantage of local animals over purebred peers was also established. The largest significant difference in their favor is observed at the age of 7–9 months (3.1 kg, td = 2.29, P > 0.95). In all other periods of cultivation, the difference is not significant. Comparative characteristics of the degree of stress in the growth of animals, which was determined by the relative increase in live weight in the three-month dynamics showed that the most intensively growing animals of both groups from birth to 3 months of age (168.0–169.3%), then – with increasing age, the growth rate gradually decreases. A significant difference between the experimental groups, according to the above indicators, has not been established. The average daily gains in live weight of animals, for all periods considered, were higher in local animals. On average, from birth to 18 months of age, they were: local heifers 660 g, purebred – 637 g. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young at 18 months of age had the highest height at the withers by 1.2 cm, height in the buttocks – 1.4 and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, respectively, 0.8 and 0.7 cm compared to local young, but inferior to the latter in latitudinal measurements: chest width 1.2 cm, width in macula – 0.9 and width in the buttocks – 1.1 cm. In general, animals of both groups are well developed and have a harmonious physique. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of live weight of experimental groups of heifers, aged from birth to 18 months of age, show that local young animals obtained from crossing cows of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed with bulls of Swiss breed have slightly better performance than peers of purebred animals . However, the difference between the groups is in most cases unlikely. External evaluation of the studied groups of heifers showed that purebred young for all considered periods, from birth to 18 months of age, have higher indicators in height at the withers, height in the buttocks and oblique length of the torso and buttocks, but inferior to local in latitudinal measurements : chest width, width in macula and width in the buttocks. Thus, it can be argued that when using crossbreeding of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows with bulls of Swiss breed, the obtained young animals have slightly higher rates of growth and development, which will further positively affect the size and quality of milk productivity, reproductive capacity and duration use of cows herd.

Doxorubicin-containing regimens for the treatment of stage II breast cancer: The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fisher ◽  
C Redmond ◽  
D L Wickerham ◽  
D Bowman ◽  
H Schipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
National Surgical Adjuvant Breast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Project ◽  
The Difference

Despite numerous reports of findings obtained following the use of doxorubicin (Adriamycin [A]; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) for the postoperative treatment of patients with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes, no clear consensus exists regarding its worth when used in that setting. In June 1981, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) implemented two randomized clinical trials aimed at evaluating the worth of doxorubicin when administered in conjunction with melphalan (L-PAM) and fluorouracil (5-FU) (PF). A prior NSABP study identified cohorts of patients who did or did not benefit from tamoxifen (TAM, T) when used with chemotherapy. That information was employed in the design of the present studies. Women considered responsive to TAM (1,106) were randomized between PFT and PAFT, and those nonresponsive to TAM (707) were randomized between PF and PAF. Findings through 6 years of follow-up (mean duration of potential time on study, 64 months and 63 months, respectively) indicate that non-TAM-responsive patients who received PAF had a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .003) and survival (P = .05) than did those receiving PF. By contrast, there was no significant difference in DFS (P = .6) or survival (P = .7) between PFT- and PAFT-treated patients. No disparity in the amount of drug received, whether related to the median amount or to dose-intensity, is present to account for the difference in findings between the studies. Aside from alopecia and emesis, the toxicity from the doxorubicin-containing regimens was similar to those in which doxorubicin was omitted. Cardiomyopathy was not a significant finding; there were no deaths from cardiac toxicity. The incidence of arterial and venous complications in patients receiving TAM was less than reported by others.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN POLA MAKAN PADA BALITA STUNTING DAN TIDAK STUNTING DI KECAMATAN TEON NILA SERUA (TNS) KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trixie Leunupun ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Annastasia Ediati
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
The Difference

Stunting is a condition that describes the growth of children due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting according to WHO is based on the index of the body length compared to age (PB/U) or height compared to the age (TB/U) with the Z-score limit of less than-2 SD. The age of toddlers is an age where child growth and development happens very quickly. In that age toddlers often experience health problems especially nutritional problems. Insufficient nutritional intake can cause stunting and can inhibit children's development. Design of observational analytic research with case-control design in toddlers aged 2-3 years. The population of this research is all toddlers who reside in the working area of Puskesmas Layeni subdistrict of Central Maluku district. Sample research is done using the Lameshow formula. The study used the ratio of 1:1 so that the number of research subjects in the case group was equivalent to the number of research subjects in the control group (i.e. 30 children per group), resulting in a total subject of 60 children. Analysis of the data used to see the difference between variables using the chi-square test. Variable dependent events are stunting and independent dietary variables. The results of the chi-square test show that there is no difference between the diet (the level of energy and protein adequacy) in a stunting toddler and not stunting the value (p > 0.05). The conclusion of the diet (adequacy of energy and protein) respectively in the group of cases is not too much of a significant difference. But in the control group more toddlers with good energy and protein adequacy levels. Keywords: toddler, diet, stunting

scholarly journals Pijat Bayi Cara India dan Johnson Meningkatkan Berat Badan Bayi Lahir Rendah

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Asmawati Gasma ◽  
Indriani Amin ◽  
Ros Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
High Infant Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Low birth weight infant mortality is one of the causes of high infant mortality (AKB) in Indonesia. Infant mortality can be prevented by improving the quality of the baby's health through growth and development. One of the efforts to improve the quality of baby health. The study aims to prove the difference in BBLR BB increase through Indian and Johnson way baby massage. The method used is Quasy Experimen with pretest-posttes design. The population is a low birth weight baby born in RSIA Pertiwi Makassar period July – September 2018. The study sample numbered fourteen that met the criteria. Seven babies were massaged the Indian way and seven babies were massaged johnson's way. Massage is done twelve times at intervals three times a week. Fifteen minutes at a time. The instruments used are baby scales and observation sheets. Univariate data analysis showed the average increase in BB for Indian way baby massage was fifty-one percent,while theaverage weight gain for Johnson's way of baby massage was fifty-three percent. Statistical tests with mann-Whitney U, showed that there was no significant difference in BBLR BB increases between indian and johnson massage. The conclusion of this study is the indian and Johnson way baby massage can both increase BB BBLR.

scholarly journals Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Young and Elderly Children with Mild Gastroenteritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Klar ◽  
E. Haver ◽  
D. Lichtstein ◽  
H. Hurvitz ◽  
T. Foah-Shauli
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Objective. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) has natriuretic and diuretic effects, synthesized and stored in the atrial cells, released in response to stretch of the atrial muscle during increase venous return. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) causes dehydration. We intend to determine whether the decrease in venous return due to dehydration would lead to a decrease in ANP levels.Patients and Methods. This is a prospective observational controlled study. Blood collected from 30 children with AGE and ANP's levels were compared with 25 controls. ANP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results. The study group was in mild dehydration. As a significant difference was found in ANP levels between children in the 3mo–3y group and older children 3y–14y. We analyzed the results according to age. No difference was found between children with AGE and control, in the 3mo–3y, ANP was 12.1±11 pg/ml versus 13.4±12 pg/ml respectively, and 3±2 versus 3.8±3 pg/ml in the 3y–14y groups, respectively.Conclusion. Dehydration due to AGE does not change the ANP's plasma levels. A weak positive correlation between sodium levels and ANP was foundr=0.29. The significant finding of our study is the difference in ANP levels related to age, in the control as well as the GE group.

Energy and Protein Intake and Nutritional Status of Primary Schoolchildren 5 to 10 Years of Age in Schools with and without Feeding Programmes in Nyambene District, Kenya

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Meme ◽  
W. Kogi-Makau ◽  
N. M. Muroki ◽  
R. K. Mwadime
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Caloric Consumption

The dietary intake and nutritional status of 162 children in a school with a lunch programme (the feedingprogramme group) and 163 children in a school without a lunch programme (the no-feeding-programme group) in Nyambene District, Kenya, were compared. The relationship between such child growth determinants as income sources, per capita weekly food expenditure and consumption frequency, per capita energy and protein intake, and the nutritional status of the children was also compared between the two groups. Daily caloric consumption in the group with a feeding programme was significantly higher than in the group without a feeding programme: 1,590 kcal, or 86% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA), versus 1,457 kcal, or 76% of the RDA ( p < .05). The protein intake was mainly of plant origin. Although not significantly different between the two groups, it was higher for children without a feeding programme (62 g; 238% of the RDA) than for those with a feeding programme (56 g; 216% of the RDA). The prevalence of wasting among children with a feeding programme (9%) was significantly higher than among those without a feeding programme (2%) ( p < .05). The level of stunting was about the same in both groups: 24% in the group with a feeding programme and 25% in the group without a feeding programme. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of underweight between the two groups. Overall, the nutritional status of girls was better than that of boys, although the difference was not statistically significant. It is evident that children participating in the feeding programme did not have a nutritional advantage over non-participants. Thus, there is need to evaluate school feeding programmes in Kenya to identify and address the weaknesses that curtail their impact.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of top dressing with iodine and vermicompost in growing cucumbers in Yakutia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Different Doses

The article presents the results of studies to determine the optimal doses of iodine when growing cucumber in the conditions of Yakutia. The experiments were carried out in an unheated greenhouse of the Oktemsky branch of the Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy (Central Yakutia). The research program included the study of the effect of foliar feeding of iodine in doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 drops per 10 liters of water and studying the effect of liquid vermicompost produced from cattle manure on the growth and development of cucumber productivity. In this case, the effect of different doses of fertilizers on the agrochemical composition of soil and cucumber fruits was studied. When studying growth and development, it was found that the plants with 5 drops of iodine per 10 liters of water had the best indicators for leaf area. In terms of the number of leaves, 15 drops turned out to be effective, which exceeded the control group by 22.8%. By the number of flowers, the maximum number of 5.5 pieces was noted in the II experimental group where iodine supplementation was 10 drops. In terms of plant height, no significant difference between the groups was found. When studying the yield of cucumber, the maximum values were established in the I and IV experimental groups which exceeded the control group by 36.7 and 46.9%, respectively. When studying the content of nitrates in the fruits of cucumber, it was found that feeding 5 drops of iodine reduces the rate of nitrates by 29.63%. It was also found that the difference in the agrochemical composition of soils in almost all experimental groups was insignificant. Thus, during the studies, the optimal rate of iodine application per 10 liters of water was determined during the cultivation of cucumbers in the conditions of Central Yakutia and amounted to 5 and 10 drops. Keywords: FERTILIZERS, EFFICIENCY, PRODUCTIVITY, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, CROP, GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, VEGETABLE GROWING

Cranial crassicaudiasis in two coastal dolphin species from South Africa is predominantly a disease of immature individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Van Bressem ◽  
P Duignan ◽  
JA Raga ◽  
K Van Waerebeek ◽  
N Fraijia-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda) infest the cranial sinuses of several odontocetes, causing diagnostic trabecular osteolytic lesions. We examined skulls of 77 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea and 69 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus, caught in bather-protecting nets off KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from 1970-2017, and skulls of 6 S. plumbea stranded along the southern Cape coast in South Africa from 1963-2002. Prevalence of cranial crassicaudiasis was evaluated according to sex and cranial maturity. Overall, prevalence in S. plumbea and T. aduncus taken off KZN was 13 and 31.9%, respectively. Parasitosis variably affected 1 or more cranial bones (frontal, pterygoid, maxillary and sphenoid). No significant difference was found by gender for either species, allowing sexes to be pooled. However, there was a significant difference in lesion prevalence by age, with immature T. aduncus 4.6 times more likely affected than adults, while for S. plumbea, the difference was 6.5-fold. As severe osteolytic lesions are unlikely to heal without trace, we propose that infection is more likely to have a fatal outcome for immature dolphins, possibly because of incomplete bone development, lower immune competence in clearing parasites or an over-exuberant inflammatory response in concert with parasitic enzymatic erosion. Cranial osteolysis was not observed in mature males (18 S. plumbea, 21 T. aduncus), suggesting potential cohort-linked immune-mediated resistance to infestation. Crassicauda spp. may play a role in the natural mortality of S. plumbea and T. aduncus, but the pathogenesis and population level impact remain unknown.

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