scholarly journals Monitoring of conditions of agricultural machines’ parts in operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S57-S65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Polák ◽  
R. Mikuš ◽  
V. Kročko

This contribution focuses on problems of monitoring the runout of tractor diesel motor parts used in agricultural operation. Crankshafts from the agricultural tractors of type Zetor 6911 are used as samples for measuring the runout and circularity. The first sample of the crankshaft is loaded in the tractor used in livestock production, and the second one is used in vegetable production. Measured values of the runout and circularity of both samples are evaluated by tables and polar diagrams. Results of the experiment show the amount of runout and the following wear of agricultural machine parts in different operating conditions of agricultural production.

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Jerzy Winczek ◽  
Marek Gucwa ◽  
Łukasz Skroński

AbstractIn the paper, the method of calculating the welding energy needed to regenerate parts of agricultural machines by welding (joining) or surfacing (rebuilding, hardfacing) is presented. Problems with the lack of adequacy of the commonly used formula for linear welding energy to the actual amount of heat introduced into the welded joint are discussed. A volumetric approach based on the effective amount of heat generated by the electric arc introduced per unit volume of the weld was proposed. The simplified formulas for volumetric energy are presented. The considerations are illustrated with examples of calculations. The analyzed examples include the use of a computerized stand for geometric measurements of metallographic specimens. The proposed volumetric method of calculating the amount of heat introduced into the welded joint is a more realistic indicator of heat demand than linear energy. On the other hand, based on the volume of the weld (padding weld), it allows to determine the amount of energy needed to regenerate machine parts, including agricultural ones.


Author(s):  
Jacek Skudlarski

The objective of the paper was to analyse of the changes on the market of new and used tractors in Poland. Initial data were obtained from the resources of Polish Chamber of Commerce of Agricultural Machines and Facilities (PChCoAMF). In 2012-2016 were registered 143 439 agricultural tractors, including 72 152 of new tractors. Level of purchase tractors in the reporting period decreased by about 7 thousand units, mainly, due to lower demand for new tractors. Demand reduction on tractors in the reporting period was resulted from the absence the European Union subsidies, and the unfavourable situation on the market of agricultural production.


Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Dorokhov ◽  
Aleksandr V. Denisov ◽  
Aleksey A. Solomashkin ◽  
Valeriy S. Gerasimov

Modern machines are subject to progressive wear that occurs at different rates, which leads to unpredictable failures that reduce the reliability and durability of machines. The strategy of maintenance and repair is aimed at eliminating these problems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the basic principles of the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in order to ensure control of the technical condition of machine parts. (Materials and methods) When resource diagnostics is used, , the allowable value of the parameter is set in advance for a part . This value is the tolerance that corresponds to a certain wear rate of the part. The tolerance is set based on the condition that if the current value of the controlled resource parameter during the next diagnosis is less than the set value, then such a part at the current value of the wear rate can be finalized until the next inter-control check. Taking into account the wear rate of the same type of parts from the group when determining the allowable wear during their resource diagnostics becomes an urgent task. (Results and discussions) As a result of research, the article presents "Methodology for determining the main indicators of reliability of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates" and "Methodology for determining the tolerance system of parts of agricultural machines with different wear rates". (Conclusions) The article presents the tolerance system that reduces the probability of failure of machine parts in operation. During resource diagnostics, those parts whose resource parameters exceed the tolerance are rejected.


2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 1651-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Lin ◽  
Chui Jie Yi ◽  
Zun Min Liu

The wheat precision seeding technology provided an advanced agricultural protection for the high yield of wheat. But the lack of an effective agricultural machine made this technology difficult to apply widely. In this paper a quadruped wheel robot to achieve the wheat precision seeding technology was designed. And experimental study was taken under different operating conditions. Because of multiple effort factors, a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method was applied in the experiments, and identifying the main factors by analysis. Then the field test was carried out according to the main factors. The experiment results showed that the qualified rates of seeding exceed 93% in different sowing speed. That reached the agronomic requirements of wheat precision seeding.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Han ◽  
Shu Wu

China’s agricultural structure has undergone significant changes for the past four decades, mainly presenting as the fall of sown proportion of grain crops and the rise of vegetables, as has its energy consumption. Employing the panel data on 30 provinces during 1991–2016, this paper empirically explores the impact of agricultural structure changes (ASC) on the energy intensity of agricultural production (EIAP), direct energy intensity of agricultural production (DEIAP) and indirect energy intensity of agricultural production (IEIAP) in China. Besides, the regional heterogeneity of such impact is examined. The results show that: (1) ASC increases EIAP and IEIAP significantly, while ASC decreases DEIAP, which is explained by the structural effect and different planting modes of different crops; (2) the impact in the three administrative regions is similar to national situation, except the impact of ASC on DEIAP in the West Region, which is explained by regional differences of vegetable mechanization; (3) the result of the six vegetable production regions reveals greater regional heterogeneity, and this is attributed to the scale economy effect and the incremental effect of vegetable mechanization; and (4) fuel price, income, agricultural labor, old dependency ratio, and fiscal expenditure have different but significant impacts on EIAP, DEIAP, and IEIAP. Finally, some policy implications are given.


2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Brown ◽  
Jesse E. Gandee ◽  
Gerard D'Souza

To understand the factors that influence farm direct marketing, a linear regression model is estimated to test the relationships between county-level direct market sales and socioeconomic, agricultural production, and location characteristics for West Virginia. The results show that higher median housing value, increased population density, a younger population, a greater number of direct market farms, more diversity of fruit and vegetable production and closer proximity to Washington, D.C., increase direct market sales. The results have implications for other states with a large proportion of small and part-time farmers, many of whom are located in close proximity to metropolitan areas.


2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas ◽  
D. Rangnekar

Livestock production currently accounts for some 40% of the gross value of world agricultural production, and its share is rising (FAO, 2002). Livestock production is the largest user of agricultural land; directly through grazing of pastures and indirectly through the production of forage crops and other feeds. Over the next 20 years, there will be a massive increase in demand for food of animal origin in developing countries, and this increase will be greater than for either the major cereals or roots and tubers (IFPRI, 1995; Delgado et al., 1999).


2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Анна Борисовна Лепешкина

Представлен авторский взгляд на подготовку квалифицированных специалистов для сельскохозяйственного производства. Рассмотрена экономико-управленческая подготовка квалифицированных специалистов для сельскохозяйственного производства с учетом стандарта World Skills Russia по направлению подготовки «Механизация сельского хозяйства» на примере среднего профессионального образования. Описывается авторская модель подготовки квалифицированных специалистов по специальности «Механизация сельского хозяйства». Приводится спецификация стандарта World Skills по компетенции «Эксплуатация сельскохозяйственных машин». Описывается внедрение данной спецификации в образовательный процесс ОГБПОУ «Томский аграрный колледж». Рассматривается процесс организации учебных занятий. Связь преподавания с жизнью, сельскохозяйственным производством – это не только использование материалов об историческом пути сельскохозяйственной науки и практики, но и рассмотрение актуального вопроса как необходимость знания экономики, организации и планирования сельскохозяйственного производства. Задача преподавателя заключается в том, чтобы применять экономические знания на практике, например при изучении сельскохозяйственной техники, то есть машин и механизмов, уметь определять эффективность применения машин, удобрений, ядохимикатов и т. д. Таким образом, в деле профессиональной подготовки обучающихся важно, чтобы в содержание занятий включался конкретный материал, направленный на развитие у обучающихся интереса к избранной специальности. The article presents the author’s view on the training of qualified specialists for agricultural production. The economic and managerial training of qualified specialists for agricultural production is considered taking into account the World Skills Russia standard in the field of training “Agricultural mechanization” using the example of secondary vocational education. The author describes the model of training qualified specialists in the specialization «Agricultural Mechanization». The specification of the World Skills standard on the competence “Operation of agricultural machines” is given. The introduction of this specification in the educational process of OGBPOU «Tomsk Agrarian College» is described. The process of organizing training sessions is considered. The connection of teaching with life, with agricultural production is not only the use of materials about the historical path of agricultural science and practice, but the consideration of an urgent issue as the need for knowledge of the economy, organization and planning of agricultural production. The teacher’s task is to apply economic knowledge in practice, for example, in the study of agricultural machinery, that is, machines and mechanisms, to be able to determine the effectiveness of the use of machines, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Thus, in the matter of training students, it is important that the content of classes include specific material aimed at developing students’ interest in their chosen specialty.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
D. S. Ternovsky ◽  
V. Ya. Uzun

The article presents the results of a study aimed at proving the existence of systematic error in traditional calculations of long-term growth rates of agricultural production based on chain indices of agricultural production. According to the authors, the article also introduces a more accurate assessment of its dynamics with the account to the structure of the relationship between prices and the volume of agricultural production. The paper describes a theoretical model that is a methodological basis for the study and explains the discrepancy in assessing the dynamics of agricultural production using chain indices and indexes at constant prices. It allows establishing differences in the ratios of the Laspeyres, Paasche, and Lowe indices for crop and livestock production, due to factors in the formation of demand and the complex structure of the relationship between the price level and the volume of production. The adequacy of the constructed theoretical model is proved based on aggregated data that eliminated the influence of incompleteness of the initial information. As a result, it was established that livestock production is characterized by time-distributed changes in prices and quantity of products, which makes it possible to assess its dynamics using both chain indices and symmetric indices. It is proved that the dynamics of crop production cannot be adequately described using chain indices, since a positive correlation of prices of the previous period and production volumes of the current period causes an overstatement of the index in comparable prices of the previous year. Based on calculations within the proposed aggregated model, it is proved that the use of constant prices as the Lowe index weights, updated every five years, is an acceptable approximation of the Fisher symmetric index. Application of the indicated methodology for calculating the index to the data on Russian agricultural production by main types of products in 1990-2018 allowed to establish an overstatement of dynamics by 11.9%. The main difference falls on crop production (+ 19.6%), while for livestock - the differences are insignificant (-0.7%).


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
N.P. Balovnev ◽  
◽  
Y.I. Brovkina ◽  
L.A. Dmitrieva ◽  
◽  
...  

The article is devoted to the analysis of design features and operating conditions of V-belt trans-missions of agricultural machinery. When designing these gears, it is recommended to give prefer-ence to gears made according to an open circuit or with a tension roller located outside the belt con-tour, to avoid cross and semi-cross gears, as well as multi-pulley gears with crossing shaft axles. To make the wider use of more progressive types of belts. It was shown that the features of V-belt transmissions of agricultural machinery require clarification of the methods for calculating trans-missions with progressive types of V-belts and automatic belt tensioning methods. It was noted that special attention should be paid to transmissions with multi-profile belts, which calculation has not been sufficiently reflected in domestic regulatory documents. The advantages of such belts are es-pecially noticeable under variable and shock loading. Based on the analysis, the recommendations for clarifying the calculation of belt drives with multi-profile belts were given. Analytical dependencies are proposed for determining the value of the nominal power transmitted by one belt (stream) of a multi-profile belt, allowing automation of the calculation of V-belt transmissions of agricultural machinery. For gears with a tension or guide roller that add an extra (sometimes reverse) bend of the belt, it is proposed to determine the coeffi-cient taking into account different degrees of bending on the pulleys according to a graph built tak-ing into account the linear hypothesis of summation of damages. It is recommended to calculate gears with spring-loaded tensioning rollers and design tensioning devices for such transmissions using a special method that takes into account the belt tensioning method. At the same time, the required value of the pre-tension of the belt can be significantly re-duced, which will have a positive effect on its resource, without losing the traction capacity of the transmission itself. Expressions are given for finding the value of the pre-tension of belts, both for gears with tension due to the elasticity of the belt, and for gears with spring-loaded tension rollers. Conclusions and directions for further research are formulated.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document