Halopriming improves vigor, metabolism of reserves and ionic contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress

The present study was conducted to investigate whether salt tolerance may be induced in wheat at germination stage by halopriming with different inorganic salts (CaCl2, NaCl and CaSO4), and how far these salts affect the mobilization of different nutrients to different parts of seedlings. Seeds of two wheat cultivars (Inqlab-91 and SARC-1) were primed in 50 mmol solutions of CaCl2, NaCl or CaSO4 for 12 h separately and germinated under non-saline and saline (125 mmol NaCl) conditions. All seed treatments hastened germination under saline and non-saline conditions as compared to those of non-primed seeds. However, priming with CaSO4 enhanced germination of both cultivars under saline conditions more than any other treatment. Maximum root length and fresh and dry weights were obtained in plants raised from seeds primed with CaSO4 followed by CaCl2. Concentrations of Na+ and K+ in seedlings obtained after priming changed significantly. However, Na+ was highest in seedlings raised from seeds primed with NaCl whereas the concentration of K+ was highest in the seedlings primed with CaSO4. Maximum total sugars and reducing sugars were observed when seeds were treated with CaCl2 followed by CaSO4. In addition, SARC-1 overcame Inqlab-91 in all growth parameters of the seedlings. In conclusion, different salts used for priming in wheat seeds improved the salt stress tolerance; however, CaSO4 and CaCl2 proved to be the most effective priming agents in inducing salt tolerance in both wheat cultivars whereas NaCl was a less effective priming agent.

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Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8101565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1565 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abraham Mulu Oljira ◽

Tabassum Hussain ◽

Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽

Huicheng Zhao ◽

Hongyong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Trichoderma Isolates

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

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Foliar Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Improved Salt Stress Tolerance of Perennial Ryegrass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.10.1518 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 1518-1523 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shanshan Sun ◽

Mengying An ◽

Liebao Han ◽

Shuxia Yin

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Salt Stress Condition ◽

Relative Water ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a widely used turfgrass. In this study, the effect of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt stress tolerance of perennial ryegrass was investigated. The results indicated that pretreatment with four concentrations of EBR (0, 0.1, 10, 1000 nM) improved salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass. Exogenous EBR treatment decreased electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 contents and enhanced the leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein content under salt stress condition. Meanwhile, EBR reduced the accumulation of Na+ and increased K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents in leaves after salt treatment. Moreover, EBR pretreatment also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, as well as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione contents. These results suggested that EBR improved salt tolerance by enhancing osmotic adjustment and antioxidant defense systems in perennial ryegrass.

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An AP2/ERF Gene, HuERF1, from Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21134586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yujie Qu ◽

Quandong Nong ◽

Shuguang Jian ◽

Hongfang Lu ◽

Mingyong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

High Salinity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Response Factors ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Hylocereus Undatus ◽

Ethylene Response Factors

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a high salt-tolerant fruit, and ethylene response factors (ERFs) play important roles in transcription-regulating abiotic tolerance. To clarify the function of HuERF1 in the salt tolerance of pitaya, HuERF1 was heterogeneously expressed in Arabidopsis. HuERF1 had nuclear localization when HuERF1::GFP was expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts and had transactivation activity when HuERF1 was expressed in yeast. The expression of HuERF1 in pitaya seedlings was significantly induced after exposure to ethylene and high salinity. Overexpression of HuERF1 in Arabidopsis conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress, reduced the accumulation of superoxide (O2 · ¯ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and improved antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that HuERF1 is involved in ethylene-mediated salt stress tolerance, which may contribute to the salt tolerance of pitaya.

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Temporal salt stress-induced transcriptome alterations and regulatory mechanisms revealed by PacBio long-reads RNA sequencing in Gossypium hirsutum

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-020-07260-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Delong Wang ◽

Xuke Lu ◽

Xiugui Chen ◽

Shuai Wang ◽

Junjuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Long Reads

Abstract Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is considered a fairly salt tolerant crop however, salinity can still cause significant economic losses by affecting the yield and deteriorating the fiber quality. We studied a salt-tolerant upland cotton cultivar under temporal salt stress to unfold the salt tolerance molecular mechanisms. Biochemical response to salt stress (400 mM) was measured at 0 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post stress intervals and single-molecule long-read sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) combined with the unique molecular identifiers approach was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). Results Antioxidant enzymes including, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found significantly induced under temporal salt stress, suggesting that reactive oxygen species scavenging antioxidant machinery is an essential component of salt tolerance mechanism in cotton. We identified a wealth of novel transcripts based on the PacBio long reads sequencing approach. Prolonged salt stress duration induces high number of DEGs. Significant numbers of DEGs were found under key terms related to stress pathways such as “response to oxidative stress”, “response to salt stress”, “response to water deprivation”, “cation transport”, “metal ion transport”, “superoxide dismutase”, and “reductase”. Key DEGs related to hormone (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) biosynthesis, ion homeostasis (CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase genes, calcium-binding proteins, potassium transporter genes, potassium channel genes, sodium/hydrogen exchanger or antiporter genes), antioxidant activity (POD, SOD, CAT, glutathione reductase), transcription factors (myeloblastosis, WRKY, Apetala 2) and cell wall modification were found highly active in response to salt stress in cotton. Expression fold change of these DEGs showed both positive and negative responses, highlighting the complex nature of salt stress tolerance mechanisms in cotton. Conclusion Collectively, this study provides a good insight into the regulatory mechanism under salt stress in cotton and lays the foundation for further improvement of salt stress tolerance.

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Influence Of Calcium On Water Relation Of Two Cultivars Of Wheat Under Salt Stress

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v2i1.9202 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nahid Akhter ◽

F Hossainn ◽

A Karim

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Water Status ◽

Water Relation ◽

Plant Water Status ◽

Plant Water ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Nacl Salinity ◽

Exudation Rate

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of Ca2+ on water relation of two wheat cultivars (Akbar and Kanchan) under salt stress. The two wheat cultivars were grown in pots with 0 and 150 mM NaCl salinity. Calcium was applied in the form of gypsum in 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36g pot-1 (that is 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) respectively. Salinity decreased RWC, WRC, exudation rate and ψleaf, while increased WSD and WUC. Application of increased levels of Ca improved the plant water status in both cultivars. The results obtained in the present study suggest that elevated Ca2+ increases salt tolerance by improving the plant water status. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9202

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Glycinebetaine priming improves salt tolerance of wheat

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0150 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karima H. A. Salama ◽

Mohamed Magdy Mansour ◽

Habebah A. Al-Malawi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Hoagland Solution ◽

The World ◽

Relative Water

AbstractSalinity stress is one of the most serious environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity in large areas around the world. Priming approach was adopted to study the effect of glycinebetaine (GB) on enhancing salt tolerance of sensitive wheat cultivar (Gomeza 7). The caryopsis were primed in different concentrations of GB (25, 50, 100 mM) for 24 h, and then treated with or without 150 mM NaCl added to 1/4-modified Hoagland solution (MHS). The NaCl treatment lasted 38 d under natural environmental conditions. Salt stress reduced all growth parameters measured: fresh mass, dry mass, relative growth rate, for the shoots and roots, and relative water content (RWC). Salt imposition increased the level of Na

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Identification of novel source of salt tolerance in local bread wheat germplasm using morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90280-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadeem Hussain ◽

Abdul Ghaffar ◽

Zafar Ullah Zafar ◽

Muhammad Javed ◽

Kausar Hussain Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Wheat Germplasm ◽

Salt Exclusion

AbstractSalt tolerant wheat cultivars may be used as genetic resource for wheat breeding to ensure yield stability in future. The study was aimed to select salt tolerant cultivar(s) to identify novel source of salt tolerance in local wheat germplasm. Initially, 40 local wheat cultivars were screened at 150 mM NaCl stress at seedling stage. Selected salt-tolerant (three; S-24, LU-26S and Pasban-90) and salt-sensitive (four; MH-97, Kohistan-97, Inqilab-91 and Iqbal-2000) wheat cultivars were further evaluated using growth, yield, biochemical and physiological attributes. Growth and yield of selected cultivars were reduced under salt stress due to decline in plant water status, limited uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K), reduced K+/Na+ ratio, photosynthetic pigments and quantum yield of PSII. Wheat plants tried to acclimate salt stress by osmotic adjustment (accumulation of total soluble sugars, proline and free amino acids). Degree of salinity tolerance in cvs. S-24 and LU-26S found to be associated with maintenance of K+/Na+ ratio, osmo-protectant and photosynthetic activity and can be used as donor for salt tolerance in wheat breeding program at least in Pakistan. These cultivars can be further characterized using molecular techniques to identify QTLs/genes for salt exclusion, osmo-protectant and photosynthetic activity for molecular breeding.

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Effects of rhizobial nod factors (Lipo chitooligosaccharide) on seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47359 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 831-837

Author(s):

D. Udhaya Nandhini ◽

E. Somasundaram

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Nod Factors ◽

Nod Factor

Effects of nod factors (lipo chitooligosaccharide) on seedling growth of maize under salt stress have been studied. The study was framed with seed priming using lipo chitooligosaccharide (LCO) a nod factor @ 4 ml/kg of seeds and without priming on maize seedling growth which was exposed to different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m). Salinity negatively influenced the seedling growth of maize. However nod factor treated maize seedlings had relatively higher germination percentage, root length, shoot length, reducing sugars and amylase activity. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between seedling growth parameters. Thus, seed priming with nod factor (4 ml/kg) improved the resistance to salinity at seedling stage. NaCl concentrations restricted amylase enzyme activity and reducing sugar content in the germinating seeds. Priming of nod factor/LCO mitigated the restricted effects of salinity on amylase activity and reducing sugars.

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Eustress with H2O2 Facilitates Plant Growth by Improving Tolerance to Salt Stress in Two Wheat Cultivars

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8090303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Arafat Abdel Latef ◽

Mojtaba Kordrostami ◽

Ali Zakir ◽

Hoida Zaki ◽

Osama Saleh

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Positive Role

In this study, the positive role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pretreatment in mitigating the adverse impacts of seawater stress has been evaluated in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely Gemmiza 11 as a salt-sensitive and Misr 1 as a salt-tolerant cultivar, with contrasting phenotypes in response to the salinity stress. Under normal conditions, wheat seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown significant effects on the improvement of plant growth parameters, such as dry weight and root and shoot lengths. Under salt stress conditions, seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown a reduction in damage to plant growth and physiological parameters as compared to the seeds kept as un-primed in both wheat cultivars. In addition, eustress of seeds with H2O2 has induced an increment in the pigments content, proline level and mineral uptake (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). Moreover, seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown significant decrement in Na+ content uptake in plants and that subsequently reduced lipid peroxidation. Seawater stress has increased the activity of the antioxidant system based on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both cultivars, except POD in Gemmiza 11. Similarly, the application of H2O2 has further enhanced the activity of the antioxidant system in stressed plants and this enhancement of the antioxidant system further reduced Na+ content in plants and subsequently increased the growth parameters. Results of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers have shown clear differentiation among the treatments and have provided strong evidence in support of the hypothesis proposed in this study that H2O2 eustress improves seed tolerance and enhances plant growth parameters under seawater stress.

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Leucine-rich repeat extensin proteins regulate plant salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1816991115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (51) ◽

pp. 13123-13128 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Chunzhao Zhao ◽

Omar Zayed ◽

Zheping Yu ◽

Wei Jiang ◽

Peipei Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Leucine Rich Repeat ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Triple Mutant ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Plant Salt Tolerance ◽

Rapid Alkalinization Factor

The perception and relay of cell-wall signals are critical for plants to regulate growth and stress responses, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that the cell-wall leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRX) 3/4/5 are critical for plant salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. The LRXs physically associate with the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23, which in turn interact with the plasma membrane-localized receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA (FER). The lrx345 triple mutant as well as fer mutant plants display retarded growth and salt hypersensitivity, which are mimicked by overexpression of RALF22/23. Salt stress promotes S1P protease-dependent release of mature RALF22 peptides. Treatment of roots with mature RALF22/23 peptides or salt stress causes the internalization of FER. Our results suggest that the LRXs, RALFs, and FER function as a module to transduce cell-wall signals to regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance.

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