scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE ASSOCIATION OF INFECTIOUS AND ONCOLOGICAL LUNG DISEASES IN HIV INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL CASE REPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Babaeva ◽  
M. G Avdeeva ◽  
G. V Chumachenko ◽  
O. N Ponkina ◽  
S. A Pikalin
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
The Comparative Study

We discuss the literature data on the current state of the problem of diagnostics of oncological diseases in HIV infection patients. Own clinical observations of diagnostic difficulties in lung cancer patient aged of 29 years, suffered also from combined TB and CMV infection in the course of the progression of HIV infection are given. The comparative study of tissue responses of internal organs and changes in immune status are discussed.

scholarly journals Refractory pharyngeal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus in a patient with HIV infection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morichika Osa ◽  
Akihiro Sato ◽  
Maki Sakagami ◽  
Masaki Machida ◽  
Takao Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen among immunocompromised hosts. Typically, CMV in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes diseases of the retina, digestive tract, lungs and liver, but there are few cases of CMV infection of the pharynx and larynx. Case presentation A 57-year-old man with HIV infection was admitted because of pharyngeal pain. Before and after admission, pharyngeal biopsies guided by laryngeal endoscopy were performed four times, but pathological examination showed nonspecific inflammation, and the cause of pharyngeal ulceration was unclear. Additionally, the ulceration deteriorated after initiation of retroviral therapy. Laryngomicrosurgery was conducted under general anesthesia to remove tissue, and pathological diagnosis confirmed CMV infection. Pathological features included enlargement of the cytoplasm and nucleus in infected cells, and intranuclear bodies called owl’s eye inclusions. Ganciclovir dramatically improved the symptoms and laryngoscopic findings. Conclusions This case was diagnosed as pharyngitis and pharyngeal ulceration caused by CMV infection, related to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. In previous reports of CMV-induced pharyngeal or laryngeal ulceration in HIV infection, we found six cases similar to our present case. All cases were diagnosed by biopsy. The present case indicates the importance of biopsy for definitive diagnosis. CMV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis of pharyngeal ulceration in patients with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Epigenome-wide epidemiologic studies of human immunodeficiency virus infection, treatment, and disease progression

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boghuma K. Titanji ◽  
Marta Gwinn ◽  
Vincent C. Marconi ◽  
Yan V. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Research

AbstractDespite significant advances in the treatment and care of people with HIV (PWH), several challenges remain in our understanding of disease pathogenesis to improve patient care. HIV infection can modify the host epigenome and as such can impact disease progression, as well as the molecular processes driving non-AIDS comorbidities in PWH. Epigenetic epidemiologic studies including epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) offer a unique set of tools to expand our understanding of HIV disease and to identify novel strategies applicable to treatment and diagnosis in this patient population. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge from epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH, identify the main challenges of this approach, and highlight future directions for the field. Emerging epigenetic epidemiologic studies of PWH can expand our understanding of HIV infection and health outcomes, improve scientific validity through collaboration and replication, and increase the coverage of diverse populations affected by the global HIV pandemic. Through this review, we hope to highlight the potential of EWAS as a tool for HIV research and to engage more investigators to explore its application to important research questions.

Radiation Contribution Assessment to Development of Multiple Oncological Diseases in the Late Period of Acute Radiation Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
I. Galstyan ◽  
M. Konchalovsky ◽  
M. Kozlova ◽  
V. Nugis
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Given

Purpose: On clinical examples to estimate a probable contribution of the postponed earlier external radiation of all body in the doses exceeding 1 Gy at development of multiple malignant neoplasms of different localization and a leukaemia. Material and methods: At 8 of 164 patients, it is long observed after the postponed acute radiation syndrome (ARS), multiple oncological diseases are revealed. Dynamics of consecutive forming of solid tumors at 2 patients and also malignant neoplasms and a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with transformation in an acute leukamia at 1 patient is tracked. Observation duration – 31 years, 43 years and 32 years. Results: Availability of medical care to the patients who transferred ARS and high quality of its rendering at all stages (out-patient, stationary) allowed to reveal malignant neoplasms at early stages of development and to achieve an absolute recovery. However eventually at these patients development and other oncological diseases was observed. The given clinical observations allow to assume that at presented cases radiation acted on various stages of carcinogenesis, and its contribution to development of different oncological diseases in all patients was not identical. Conclusion: The analysis of clinical observations allows to assume that radiation contribution to genesis of various oncological diseases at the persons which underwent radiation in the doses causing development of ARS is various. Now in our country there are no approaches to quantitative assessment of a contribution of radiation effects to development of malignant neoplasms in each case. The patients who underwent acute single exposition in doses over 1 Gy have to be considered as having predisposition to development of multiple tumors in the remote terms. In this regard they for life need medical follow up for the purpose of early diagnostics and adequate treatment of the developing malignant neoplasms.

scholarly journals Differential diagnoses of fibrosing lung diseases

BJR|Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190009
Author(s):  
Carolyn Horst ◽  
Bahareh Gholipour ◽  
Arjun Nair ◽  
Joseph Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Current State

Objectives: To describe the challenges inherent in diagnosing fibrosing lung diseases (FLD) on CT imaging and methodologies by which the diagnostic process may be simplified. Methods: Extensive searches in online scientific databases were performed to provide relevant and contemporary evidence that describe the current state of knowledge related to FLD diagnosis. This includes descriptions of the utility of a working diagnosis for an individual case discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) setting and challenges associated with the lack of consensus guidelines for diagnosing chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Results: As well as describing imaging features that indicate the presence of a fibrosing lung disease, those CT characteristics that nuance a diagnosis of the various FLDs are considered. The review also explains the essential information that a radiologist needs to convey to an MDT when reading a CT scan. Lastly, we provide some insights as to the future directions the field make take in the upcoming years. Conclusions: This review outlines the current state of FLD diagnosis and emphasizes areas where knowledge is limited, and more evidence is required. Fundamentally, however, it provides a guide for radiologists when tackling CT imaging in a patient with FLD. Advances in knowledge: This review encompasses advice from recent guideline statements and evidence from the latest studies in FLD to provide an up-to-date manual for radiologists to aid the diagnosis of FLD on CT imaging in an MDT setting.

scholarly journals Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lega ◽  
Samuele Naviglio ◽  
Stefano Volpi ◽  
Alberto Tommasini
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments ◽  
Immunomodulating Drugs ◽  
Insight Into

As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.

scholarly journals Hypercapnia Regulates Gene Expression and Tissue Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Shigemura ◽  
Lynn C. Welch ◽  
Jacob I. Sznajder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Alveolar Gas Exchange

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced in eukaryotic cells primarily during aerobic respiration, resulting in higher CO2 levels in mammalian tissues than those in the atmosphere. CO2 like other gaseous molecules such as oxygen and nitric oxide, is sensed by cells and contributes to cellular and organismal physiology. In humans, elevation of CO2 levels in tissues and the bloodstream (hypercapnia) occurs during impaired alveolar gas exchange in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. Advances in understanding of the biology of high CO2 effects reveal that the changes in CO2 levels are sensed in cells resulting in specific tissue responses. There is accumulating evidence on the transcriptional response to elevated CO2 levels that alters gene expression and activates signaling pathways with consequences for cellular and tissue functions. The nature of hypercapnia-responsive transcriptional regulation is an emerging area of research, as the responses to hypercapnia in different cell types, tissues, and species are not fully understood. Here, we review the current understanding of hypercapnia effects on gene transcription and consequent cellular and tissue functions.

Clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine in adults with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive airways disease, elderly adults and healthy volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dorrell ◽  
I Hassan ◽  
P Chakraverty ◽  
E Ong
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Elderly Adults

Summary: To investigate the clinical and serological responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine (split-virion A/Singapore/6/86-like strains H1N1 (15 ug HA), A/Beijing/353/89-like H3N2 (15 ug HA) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like strain (15 ug HA): MFV-JECT, Merieux, UK) in persons with HIV infection, diabetes, obstructive lung diseases, elderly adults and healthy volunteers. Forty-nine HIV-infected persons received 2 doses of the vaccine at one-month intervals; 34 healthy volunteers, 30 elderly persons, 29 with insulin and non-insulin diabetes and 14 with obstructive airways diseases were vaccinated with one single dose between October 1992 to January 1993. Serological testing of antibody responses was done using haemagglutination assay. beta2-microglobulin in HIVinfected persons was measured using radioimmunodiffusion between 1st and 2nd dose. Fructosamine levels in diabetic persons were assessed for diabetic control and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was self monitored in persons with lung diseases. All groups apart from the elderly filled in a symptom score chart for the first 5 days following vaccination. A 4-fold rise in titre equal to or more than 1:64 to all the 3 antigens occurred in 20 (58.8%) of healthy volunteers compared with 13 (44.8%) diabetics, 5 (35.7%) with lung diseases, 10 (33.3%) elderly and 13 (26.5%) with HIV infection. A significant correlation of serological response to number of CD4 count in persons with HIV infection was noted (H1N1 P =0.0013, H3N2 P =0.025, BYAM P =0.0018). Mean beta2- microglobulin levels did not change significantly post 1st and 2nd vaccination. Mean fructosamine level did not change significantly. There was no significant change in PEFR. The vaccine was well tolerated. Persons with HIV infection and low CD4 count do not serologically respond well to influenza vaccine even with 2 doses compared to the other 4 groups. The other 4 groups had adequate protective serologic responses. The vaccine was well tolerated in all groups.

scholarly journals Sense of Coherence and Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Childers
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Unpaid caregivers (CG) provide most of the assistance to persons with dementias (PWD) living in the community. This study explores the current state of knowledge regarding the concept of sense of coherence (SOC) and CG of PWD via a concept analysis. The identified defining attributes were health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), CG burden, CG stress, coping as a strength, gender, and decreasing sense of CG coherence over the progression of the disease (dementia). Further study by health care professionals using clinical observations, large samples of respondents, a consistent theory, valid and reliable instruments used to measure defining attributes consistently, and critical reviews of the literature are needed.

scholarly journals The Immune Response Against Human Cytomegalovirus Links Cellular to Systemic Senescence

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Heath ◽  
Michael D. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Immune Senescence ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Age Related

Aging reflects long-term decline in physiological function and integrity. Changes arise at a variable pace governed by time-dependent and -independent mechanisms that are themselves complex, interdependent and variable. Molecular decay produces inferior cells that eventually dominate over healthy counterparts in tissues they comprise. In a form of biological entropy, progression from molecular through cellular to tissue level degeneration culminates in organ disease or dysfunction, affecting systemic health. To better understand time-independent contributors and their potential modulation, common biophysical bases for key molecular and cellular changes underlying age-related physiological deterioration must be delineated. This review addresses the potential contribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven T cell proliferation to cellular senescence and immunosenescence. We first describe molecular processes imposing cell cycle arrest, the foundation of cellular senescence, then focus on the unique distribution, phenotype and function of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells in the context of cellular senescence and “inflammaging”. Their features position CMV infection as a pathogenic accelerant of immune cell proliferation underlying immune senescence. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, where increased inflammation and exaggerated anti-CMV immune responses accelerate immune senescence, CMV infection has emerged as a major factor in unhealthy aging. Thus, we speculate on mechanistic links between CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell expansion, immune senescence and prevalence of age-related disorders in HIV infection.

Functional diagnostics of internal organs. Honey. publishing house "Doctor" in Berlin, per. with him. V.N. Lyzlova. 1925

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
S. Zimnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pharmacological Test

This small book of 74 pages is a kind of collection, where Magnus - Alsleben treats about the current state of the functional diagnostics of the heart, Weber - about its electrographic examination, Grotte - stomach, v. d. Reis - intestines, Lepehne - liver, Rosenberg - kidneys, Glaesner - pancreas, Plaz - about a pharmacological test of the autonomic nervous system.

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