scholarly journals Preeclampsia and pathology of placentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Risto Erkkola
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Etiology of pre-eclampsiaremainsunclear. However, it is recognized that genetic factors of both mothers and fathers sides can determine the development of this awesome complication of pregnancy. The interplay of genetic factors with external influences determines the risk level of pre-eclampsia. Today it is reasonable to assert that pre-eclampsia is a complication of pregnancy associated with the disturbances of the process of trophoblast invasion and changes in haemodynamics in spiral arteries. The process of trophoblast invasion proved to be coordinated by combined interaction of cytokines, factors of adhesion and different growth factors.Functional abnormalities of endothelium of placental and pre-placental vessels may be a result but not a cause of development ofpre-eclampsia, pathophysiology of which is studied still insufficiently. However, the disturbance оf NO, endothelein release and thrombocytes homeostasis as well are certain to be the main manifestations of this pregnancy complication. A fter revealing all the mechanisms of process of trophoblast invasion disturbances an actual possibility of early prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia may be elaborated.

Epigenetic factors and molecular markers of the risk of early pregnancy losses

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nataly I Frolova ◽  
Tatiana E Belokrinitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Combined Impact

Background. Miscarriage is a common complication in early pregnancy. Current studies have shown a higher prevalence of miscarriage, ranging from 10 to 20%. The review is devoted to modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of early pregnancy losses. Aim. Assess the role of epigenetic factors and molecular-genetic markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of early pregnancy losses Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 10-15 years. Relevant articles from the peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines were included. Results. Many recent studies have proved the contribution of various epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriages, and the molecular-genetic determination such kinds of pregnancy complication has been confirmed. Conclusion. The miscarriage in early gestation is driven by combined impact of epigenetic and molecular-genetic factors, as well as the presence of intergenic interactions. It is may lead to deterioration of physiological functions, and maternal pathologenic pathways could be changed as during her periconceptional period as so during the pregnancy.

scholarly journals Combination Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridharan Rajendran ◽  
FNU Baburajan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Edentulous Mandible ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Implant Treatment

ABSTRACT Combination syndrome (CS) is a dental condition that is commonly seen in patients with a completely edentulous maxilla and partially edentulous mandible with preserved anterior teeth. This syndrome consists of severe anterior maxillary resorption combined with hypertrophic and atrophic changes in different quadrants of maxilla and mandible. This makes it a challenging condition in dentistry that requires significant experience along with advanced restorative and surgical skills. The causes of maxillary bone resorption and ways to correct it are discussed in this article. Conventional treatment with full upper and partial lower dentures for the CS patients is not always adequate or satisfying for patients and it often requires multiple remakes due to continuing bone resorption. Dental implant rehabilitation challenges conventional treatment with bone-anchoring techniques to provide improved retention and stability for implant-retained and supported prostheses. This article presents a successful implant treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla in CS patient. The necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for early prevention and treatment of this complex condition is emphasized. This article illustrates a review of the changes and difficulties faced when treated with conventional approach which can be overcome with the aid of implant-supported prosthesis. How to cite this article Rajendran S, Baburajan. Combination Syndrome. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):156-160.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer and Probiotics: Are Bugs Really Drugs?

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushottam Lamichhane ◽  
Morgan Maiolini ◽  
Omar Alnafoosi ◽  
Sedra Hussein ◽  
Hasan Alnafoosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There are many factors that predispose a patient to the disease such as age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle. There are different genetic factors and diseases that also increase a person’s risk for developing CRC. Studies have found associations between gut microbiome and the risk for developing versus protection against CRC. Normal gut microbiome aid in daily functions of the human body such as absorption, metabolism, detoxification, and regulation of inflammation. While some species of bacteria prevent CRC development and aid in therapeutic responses to various treatment regiments, other species seem to promote CRC pathogenesis. In this regard, many studies have been conducted to not only understand the biology behind these opposing different bacterial species; but also to determine if supplementation of these tumor opposing bacterial species as probiotics lends toward decreased risk of CRC development and improved therapeutic responses in patients with CRC. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the basics on colorectal cancer (epidemiology, risk factors, targets, treatments), discuss associations between different bacterial strains and CRC, and discuss probiotics and their roles in CRC prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Advances in the Genetic Basis of Ischemic Stroke

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Stanković ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Genes Encoding

Advances in the Genetic Basis of Ischemic StrokeAs one of the leading causes of death within both the developed and developing world, stroke is a world-wide problem. About 80% of strokes are ischemic. It is caused by multiple genetic factors, environmental factors, and interactions among these factors. There is a long list of candidate genes that have been studied for a possible association with ischemic stroke. Among the most widely investigated genes are those involved in haemostasis, inflammation, nitric oxide production, homocysteine and lipid metabolism, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Combined link-age/association studies have demonstrated that genes encoding PDE4D and ALOX5AP confer risk for stroke. We review the studies of these genes which may have potential application on the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment ischemic stroke patients.

scholarly journals ALS3 Expression as an Indicator for Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keke Deng ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Yanyu Jiang ◽  
Qi Deng ◽  
Jinzhong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Resistance caused by the formation of the Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm is one of the main reasons for antifungal therapy failure. Thus, it is important to find indicators that predict C. albicans biofilm formation to provide evidence for the early prevention and treatment of the C. albicans biofilms. In this study, C. albicans samples were selected from C. albicans septicemia that were sensitive to common antifungal agents. It was found that the agglutinin-like sequence 3 (ALS3) gene was differentially expressed in free, antifungal, drug-sensitive C. albicans. The average ALS3 gene expression was higher in the C. albicans strains with biofilm formation than that in the C. albicans strains without biofilm formation. Then, it was further confirmed that the rate of biofilm formation was higher in the high ALS3 gene expression group than that in the low ALS3 gene expression group. It was found that C. albicans with biofilm formation was more resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole. However, it maintained its sensitivity to caspofungin and micafungin in vitro and in mice. Further experiments regarding the prevention of C. albicans biofilm formation were performed in mice, in which only caspofungin and micafungin prevented C. albicans biofilm formation. These results suggest that the expression level of ALS3 in C. albicans may be used as an indicator to determine whether C. albicans will form biofilms. The results also show that the biofilm formation of C. albicans remained sensitive to caspofungin and micafungin, which may help to guide the selection of clinical antifungal agents for prevention and therapy.

Early Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Childhood Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie N. Ravanbakht ◽  
Asheley C. Skinner ◽  
Eliana M. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility to Acute Kidney Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3039
Author(s):  
Christian Ortega-Loubon ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Paz ◽  
Emilio García-Morán ◽  
Álvaro Tamayo-Velasco ◽  
Francisco J. López-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Shed Light

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widely held concern related to a substantial burden of morbidity, mortality and expenditure in the healthcare system. AKI is not a simple illness but a complex conglomeration of syndromes that often occurs as part of other syndromes in its wide clinical spectrum of the disease. Genetic factors have been suggested as potentially responsible for its susceptibility and severity. As there is no current cure nor an effective treatment other than generally accepted supportive measures and renal replacement therapy, updated knowledge of the genetic implications may serve as a strategic tactic to counteract its dire consequences. Further understanding of the genetics that predispose AKI may shed light on novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of this condition. This review attempts to address the role of key genes in the appearance and development of AKI, providing not only a comprehensive update of the intertwined process involved but also identifying specific markers that could serve as precise targets for further AKI therapies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Headache in Children and Adolescents—Another Type of Pandemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Nieswand ◽  
Matthias Richter ◽  
Gudrun Gossrau
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Outpatient Therapy ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Headache Patients

Abstract Purpose of Review Headaches are not only responsible for restrictions in everyday life in adults. In children and adolescents, regular headaches lead also to reduced life quality and limitations in the social sphere, in school education, and in professional careers. Here, we provide an overview on the frequency of headache in children and adolescents with the aim of increasing awareness about this particular health issue. Recent Findings Overall, headache prevalence in children and adolescents has been increasing in recent years. From various regions worldwide, data describing headache, its forms, and consequences are growing. In addition, factors frequently correlated with headache are repeatedly investigated and named: besides genetic factors, psychosocial and behavioral factors are linked to the prevalence of headache. Summary Increasing evidence indicates that headache is underestimated as a common disorder in children and adolescents. Accordingly, too little emphasis is placed by society on its prevention and treatment. Thus, the extent of the social and health economic burden of frequent headaches in children and adolescents needs to be better illustrated, worldwide. Furthermore, the data collected in this review should support the efforts to improve outpatient therapy paths for young headache patients. Factors correlating with headache in pupils can draw our attention to unmet needs of these patients and allow physicians to derive important therapy contents from this data.

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