scholarly journals A study on awareness of HIV/AIDS among adolescent school girls in an urban area of North Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Romy Biswas ◽  
Raktim Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS has recognized throughout the world as the important public health problem and adolescents are at greater risk of having this infection because of varying behavior pattern. Adolescents need correct information to prepare them to make better choices in sexual behavior. The present study was conducted to find out the existing knowledge regarding the causes, modes of transmission, prevention and social impact of AIDS.Methods: Setting based cross-sectional study done in the secondary and higher secondary students of Siliguri Girls School during July-September 2018. A self-administered, well designed pretested semi structured questionnaire with anonymity of the respondent was used for data collection with the help of interview.Results: 66.2% of girls knew sexual intercourse as the primary route of transmission whereas 22.9% knew airborne as the method. 60.8% of them thought isolation could prevent HIV/AIDS and safe sex can prevent transmission 59.4%. All the correct four routes of transmission were known by only 14.2% of students.12.55 of them knew about AIDS vaccine. Working with AIDS patient, using same toilet or sharing meals or swimming were the common myths among them to contract HIV/AIDS.Conclusions: Prevention being the only strategy available for HIV/AIDS is of utmost importance that knowledge regarding its various aspects should be dispersed among the adolescents through addition of chapter of AIDS and sex education in school curriculum.

scholarly journals Awareness about reproductive health, contraceptive methods, STDs including HIV/AIDS, and HPV vaccine, among adolescent girls in district Faridkot in Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Grover ◽  
Nishi Garg ◽  
Rupali Rupali ◽  
Balpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Female adolescents have a higher risk of contracting an STD than their male counterparts. Hence creating awareness in them about reproductive health is the need of the hour.Methods: This was a cross sectional school based Study which was conducted in various schools of Faridkot city of Punjab where 400 Adolescent girls of class 11th and 12th age between 16-19 years, studying in English medium schools in district Faridkot through predesigned multiple choice questionnaires.Results: In our study, most of the girls (67%) were not aware about the meaning of reproductive health. Amongst contraceptive methods, 62.5% knew about condoms. The awareness about STDs was highest about HIV/AIDS (70.75%) and low (less than 20%) for other STDs. They also scored low about symptoms and route of transmission of STD’s. Only 17% of the girls knew about HPV vaccine. Attitude towards sex education was positive.Conclusions: Poor knowledge in girls about Reproductive Health and STDs (other than HIV/AIDS) is of serious concern. Therefore, education about reproductive health should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be given through teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and specialist.

scholarly journals Analisis faktor kejadian wasting pada anak balita 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Bulili Kota Palu: Studi cross sectional

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Hepti Muliyati ◽  
Menis Mbali ◽  
Hadidja Bando ◽  
Riana Pangestu Utami ◽  
Opyn Mananta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Wasting on children is an important public health problem because of its considerable impact on their health and growth. This problem could lead to iron deficiency which could induce infection disease and probably lower a child’s intelligence as a long-term effect. This study aimed to analyze factors related to wasting on 12-59 months children in Bulili Public Health Center (PHC), Palu City. The analytical descriptive study designed with a cross-sectional approach was applied in this study. One hundred and twenty-one subject was selected from 283 children with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher exact test with significant (p < 0,05). The result showed that most children with low birth weight experienced wasting with a p-value = 0,000. Most of the children from higher-income families did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,004. Most children who didn’t receive breastfeeding milk did not experience wasting with a p-value = 0,958. This study concluded a correlation between low birth weight and income to wasting, but breastfeeding practice was not related.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological profile of hypertensive patients at the primary health care level in the state of Alagoas

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
Raphaela Costa Ferreira ◽  
Bruna Merten Padilha ◽  
Yasmin Eugênia Santos e Silva Pedrosa ◽  
Rosielle Batista Ferreira ◽  
Poliana Coelho Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Study design: This was a cross-sectional, population-based and descriptive study. Study objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of hypertensive patients at the primary health care of Alagoas state. Methods: This study was carried out in the Basic Health Units of 12 cities of Alagoas, between 2014 and 2015, with hypertensive individuals between 20 and 60 years, of both gender. Socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by Epi-Info version 7. Results: We evaluated 645 individuals. Of these, 86.2% were women, 62.3% had uncontrolled blood pressure, 41.9% had low educational level, 11.1% were smokers, 26.3% were alcohol users, 64.7% were sedentary, 48.4% were obese, 73.6% had high cardiovascular risk, according to waist circumference; 54.4% and 47.2% had elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. Conclusion: Since hypertension is an important public health problem that has serious consequences, the knowledge of the hypertensive population profile of Alagoas will facilitate the treatment for the health of patients with this condition.

scholarly journals Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Larissa Akeme Nakano ◽  
Jéssica Toshie Katayose ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Abreu ◽  
Luis Cláudio Alfaia Mendes ◽  
Maria Cleusa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission ◽  
The Mean

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

scholarly journals Comparative study of DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria for diagnosis of GDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Biloni Shrestha ◽  
L Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an important public health problem. Prevalence has shown an increasing trend and varies based on diagnostic criteria used and the ethnic group studied. It is more common in Asia. Presently, there is no international consensus on the screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM. The Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) guidelines recommend the non-fasting 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as a single-step screening and diagnostic test for GDM, is simple, easy and more feasible. The objective of this study was to compare whether the DIPSI criteria is equally sensitive to WHO 2018 criteria. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study done at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Among 425 cases, 25 (5.88%) were diagnosed GDM, 6 (1.41%) were diagnosed only by DIPSI, 5 (1.18) only by WHO 2018 and 14 (3.29%) by both methods. The study showed that the sensitivity of DIPSI was 73.68% and specificity was 98.52%. The agreement between the DIPSI and WHO 2018 criteria ranged from 60% to 80% (Kappa value = 0.68). This study proves that DIPSI criteria is comparable to WHO 2018 criteria and can be adopted in our institution for the diagnosis of GDM as it is more feasible, easy and less expensive.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anemia among People Living with HIV/AIDS Taking ART in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin ◽  
Tadesse Bedada Haye
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Globally, anemia, among people living with HIV/AIDS, is a major public health problem. It has a significant effect on the progression of HIV/AIDS to advanced stages and there are a number of factors that often affect anemia. However, there is little insight regarding factors affecting anemia among HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. This study aimed at investigating factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS taking ART drug at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to assess factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS. Structured checklist was used to gather information from charts of patients selected by simple random sampling method. We analyzed the data to identify factors associated with anemia among people with HIV/AIDS using logistic regression models. Results. A total of 301 selected charts were reviewed. The median age was 38 ± 10.38. The majority (62.5%) of the patients were taking ZDV-containing ART drug (ZDV/3TC/NVP). The overall anemia prevalence was 34.6%, while about 5%, 15.6%, and 14% of the patients had severe, moderate, and mild prevalence of anemia, respectively. Factors that were found to affect anemia among these patients include gender (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.22, 4.16]), occupation (OR: 0.57 [95%CI: 0.35, 0.92]), WBC count (OR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.29, 4.09]), platelet count (OR = 2.89 [95% CI: 0.99, 8.41]), nutritional status (OR = 2.05 [95% CI: 0.69, 6.02]), and WHO clinical stage of HIV/AIDS (OR = 3.69 [95% CI: 1.86, 7.31]). Conclusions. About one in three patients was found to be anemic. Intervention aimed at diagnosing and treating anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS should be considered.

Population-based cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly in Turkey: a cross-sectional survey

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adem Ozkara ◽  
Faruk Turgut ◽  
Mehmet Kanbay ◽  
Yusuf Selcoki ◽  
Ali Akcay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Past History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractHypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking are known to be the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because the elderly population has been increasing globally, CVD may become a more important public health problem in the future. This report examines the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly in Ankara, Turkey. This was a cross-sectional survey and included a total of 2720 individuals living in the Ankara district. Trained research staff administered a standard questionnaire in the participants’ homes and worksites. The questionnaire collected information on clinical and demographic characteristics and a self-reported medical history, including past history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, coronary artery by-pass graft operation, and cerebrovascular accident. The mean age of the study participants was 69.5 ± 7.2 years. The study identified 1298 women (78.1%) and 753 men (71.2%) with hypertension, and the overall prevalence of hypertension was 75.4%. A total of 739 (27.2%) people had diabetes mellitus, and, of these people, 603 (81.6%) were hypertensive. A total of 1361 people had hyperlipidemia, and 1103 of these patients were also hypertensive. The overall prevalence of obesity was 27.2%. A total of 553 (20.3%) people were smokers. Our findings indicate that cardiovascular risk factors are very common in the elderly. To maximize risk reduction, physicians must take aggressive measures to decrease cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals A perspective on vegetarian dietary patterns and risk of metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (S2) ◽  
pp. S136-S143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Sabaté ◽  
Michelle Wien
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Usa

The vegetarian dietary pattern is traditionally a plant-based diet that includes fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, and possibly dairy products and/or eggs. Vegetarians and other populations who follow a plant-based dietary pattern enjoy longevity. Specifically, vegetarian dietary patterns have been associated with a lower risk for developing IHD, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, specific cancers, lower all-cause mortality and reduction in cause-specific mortality. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the USA is approximately 20 % and is currently increasing in developing countries in line with the obesity epidemic. The health care costs associated with the MetS are on a magnitude of 1·6 overall compared with healthy individuals, which makes it an important public health problem. Current evidence from several cross-sectional and case–control studies shows an association between consumption of a vegetarian dietary pattern and a reduced prevalence or risk of developing the MetS. There is a need for further research to be conducted, particularly prospective cohort studies to evaluate the effect of vegetarian dietary patterns on reducing the incidence of the MetS and, clinical trials should be designed to explore vegetarian dietary patterns for the reversal of the MetS in high-risk populations. This research could contribute to reduce the societal and economic burdens associated with the disorder.

scholarly journals Post COVID-19 Symptoms: A Neglected Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Chhaya Mittal ◽  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Seema Jain ◽  
Neelam S Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
Body Ache

Background: COVID -19 is the most important public health problem of recent time. Most people who have COVID-19 recovers completely within a few weeks but some people continue to have symptoms after initial recovery. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Post COVID symptoms, to assess requirement of treatment and to make recommendation for Post COVID care. Methods: Present cross sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in Meerut district. Mobile numbers of COVID patients were obtained from records, Total 100 randomly selected patients were contacted using google form and information regarding post covid symptoms in between 6 weeks to 12 weeks after recovery from COVID was obtained. Result: 87%patients developed one or more post covid symptoms. Weakness was reported to be most common problem (55%), followed by body ache (26%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as difficulty in concentration and insomnia (22%). Every fifth patient reported that symptoms persisted for more than 1 month. Though most of the respondents classified their symptoms as mild and moderate (52.5% and 37.9% respectively), 47% of the symptomatic patients have to take some treatment for these symptoms. Conclusion: Post COVID symptoms are common but usually less severe . Some form of treatment was required to deal with problem. Almost one in five patients reported that symptoms persisted for more than one month. The results highlight the need for post Covid care for COVID recovered patients.

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