scholarly journals Age and sex patterns of mortality in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Bagalkot, North Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Gowri Shankar ◽  
Eshwar B. Kalburgi
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Mortality is an inevitable component of hospital practice and patient outcomes. The age and cause of death and sex mortality pattern and the audit give a myriad of information. This helps to identify the trend of mortality. Hence, this study was done to identify age and sex patterns of mortality of the patients admitted to Hangal Sri Kumareshwar Hospital and Research Centre, Navanagar, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.Methods: A retrospective study of all deaths that occurred in the year 2018 in Hangal Sri Kumareshwar hospital and Research Centre, Navanagar, Bagalkot, Karnataka was done by analysing the records from medical records department after institutional review board clearance. Data regarding age, sex, area of residence, ward of admission and cause of death was noted and analysed using percentages and chi square test.Results: Out of 411 deaths during 2018 in HSK hospital, 64.96% were males and 35.04% were females. Majority (71.53%) were from rural areas. Maximum number of deaths (27.98%) was observed in those more than 61 years of age followed by those between 41 to 60 years of age. Overall, maximum number of deaths (69.35%) was due to a Non communicable disease. Infectious and parasitic disease contributed to 10.46% of deaths. Cardio vascular disease contributed to 16.30% deaths.Conclusions: Primary prevention of non-communicable diseases by creating awareness in the community and secondary prevention by early identification is needed to prevent premature mortality before the age of 60 years.

scholarly journals Age-sex specific mortality pattern in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4487
Author(s):  
Gowri Shankar ◽  
Eshwar Basaveneppa Kalburgi ◽  
SanthoshKumar R. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Age-sex specific mortality pattern is one of the most fundamental metrics of population health. It is the most frequently used health care indicator and a valuable tool for planning and management in hospitals.Methods: A retrospective study of all deaths that occurred in the year 2020 in Hangal Sri Kumareshwar hospital and research centre, Navanagar, Bagalkot, Karnataka was done by analyzing the records from medical records department after institutional review board clearance. Data regarding age, sex, area of residence, ward of admission and cause of death was noted and analyzed using percentages and Chi square test. Cause of death was classified according to ICD 10.Results: Out of 455 deaths in the year 2020, males contributed to 63.30% of the deaths and females to 36.70% deaths. Maximum number of deaths occurred between 61 to 80 years (28.79%) followed by those between 41 to 60 years (27.47%) and 20 to 40 years (20.66%). Maximum number of deaths was due to a non-communicable disease (62.86%). Cardiovascular disease contributed to 28.57% of the total deaths. COVID-19 contributed to 6.37% of the deaths.Conclusions: Large scale investment in medical infrastructure to treat non communicable disease (NCDs) and increased health insurance coverage will be helpful in the long term plans. Awareness regarding a healthy life style can reduce the risk factors for NCDs and avoidable mortality. Preventive measures to curtail COVID-19 pandemic are the need of the hour. Estimates of premature mortality are essential to reduce preventable deaths and improve population health.

scholarly journals Awareness of health insurance policies among cardiac patients visiting a tertiary care cardiac hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Archana S. Krishnan ◽  
Jawahar S. K. Pillai ◽  
Ramkrishna Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Insurance Policies

Background: Healthcare expenditure is becoming a point of discussion in the recent past. Cardiac problems are the major non-communicable disease burden in the society. Health insurance play a major role to share individual health risks and there by provide better access to health care. In this study an attempt was made to find out the level of awareness of health insurance policies among cardiac patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were surveyed using a pretested questionnaire comprising of thirty different questions related to health insurance. Simple statistical test and Chi square test was used to assess the association between the variables.Results: Only 41% were aware of health insurance among non-insured patients (n=100). It was found that only 16.7% (N=20) had chosen insurance policy and reason for having taken insurance was to cater to the huge medical expenses (14.2%). 45% patients were opted Insurance due to low premium and good reputation. Majority (42.5%) meet their medical expenses from salary. It was found that majority (55%) were satisfied with the insurance.Conclusions: It is found that less than one fifth of the patients opted for health insurance policy, which is very low. The level of awareness about insurance among the non-insured is also very poor. Study concluded that the awareness of health insurance is very poor especially in rural and semi-rural areas. Continuous awareness creation is needed to enhance the health insurance benefits and various features.

scholarly journals SURVEILLANCE OF MORTALITY: FROM A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF EASTERN INDIA IN PERSONS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Shobhitendu Kabi ◽  
Shrikant Kumar Dhar ◽  
Baikuntha Nath Panda ◽  
Chandan Das ◽  
Kamal Kant Jena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
The World

Objective: There is abundant knowledge about the gravity of global load of diabetes mellitus (DM). There are conflicting reports on the cause of death from different parts of the world. In India, there are not enough studies to establish the cause of death in DM. To find out the mortality pattern in DM and non-DM (NDM) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India.Methods: Retrospective analysis of in-hospital mortality in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India, from January 2012 to December 2015.Results: There were a total of 1590 deaths of which 442 were having DM and 1148 did not have DM (NDM). Mean age of death for nondiabetics was 66.4 years (M:F = 67.5:65.3) and that for diabetics were 62.7 years (M:F = 63.5:60.04) which was not statistically significant (p=0.9) though diabetics died younger by 4 years. On analyzing the specific cause of death, coronary artery disease (CAD) was 14.71% in DM and 1.57% in NDM (p=0.0001). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was 18.55% in DM and 1.92% in NDM (p=0.0001). Congestive heart failure was 7.27% in DM and 1.83% in NDM (p=0.0001). CVA was 13.57% in DM and 1.66% in NDM (p=0.0001). Infection was the most common cause of death (39.37%) in DM, but in NDM also this was quite high 34.41% (p=0.21). The death due to CVA in DM was more in hemorrhage as compared to ischemic (p=0.00001).Conclusion: We found causes of death in DM were an infection, CKD, CAD, CVA, and CHF in descending order in this part of the world. The diabetes patients had lesser hospital stay than nondiabetes patients (p=0.009).

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and factors associated in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Raichur, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 2899
Author(s):  
Prashanta Swami Pujar ◽  
K. B. Phuleker ◽  
Nagaraj Bhalki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Prevention of Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a focus of attention because wound infections continue to be a major source of expense, morbidity, and even mortality. Three quarters of deaths of surgical patients with SSIs are attributed to nosocomial infections, nearly all of which are organ/space infections. The objective of the present study was to estimate the incidence of SSI and to study the various risk factors associated with SSI.Methods: This is a prospective study of 180 eligible cases eligible subjects, who underwent various surgeries in the department of General Surgery after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study conducted at the Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur. The tenure for the study was April 2017 to June 2017. Data was collected using pretested proforma. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Chi -square test and multiple logistic regression was applied to know the association between various risk factors and occurrence of SSI.Results: Among 180 patients 33 (18.33%) developed surgical site infections (SSI). Among 33 SSIs 25 (75.76%) were grade 3 and 8 (24.24%) were grade 4 infections. SSIs were found more commonly among patients over 50 years, diabetics, HIV infected patients, patients with longer duration of surgery and associations with these factors were found statistically significant.Conclusions: The incidence rate of SSI was quite high, and its end results will have a greater impact on patients as well as on healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires multipronged approach targeting both patient related and procedure related risk factors in pre- operative, intra-operative, and post-operative period.

scholarly journals Prevalence of comorbidities and their associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care department in Ningbo, China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040532
Author(s):  
Xueyu Li ◽  
Kaushik Chattopadhyay ◽  
Shengnan Xu ◽  
Yanshu Chen ◽  
Miao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Department

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and identify the factors independently associated with comorbidities in a tertiary care department in Ningbo, China.DesignA computerised medical records database was used to conduct a cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in a tertiary care department in Ningbo, China.ParticipantsThe study was conducted on adult patients with T2DM, and it included 8 years of data, from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019.The primary outcome measureComorbidity was defined as the coexistence of at least one other chronic condition, that is, either a physical non-communicable disease (duration ≥3 months), a mental health condition (duration ≥3 months) or an infectious disease (duration ≥3 months).ResultsIn total, 4777 patients with T2DM satisfied the eligibility criteria. Over 8 years, the prevalence of comorbidities was 93.7%. The odds of comorbidities increased with the age of patients (18 to 39 years: 1; 40 to 59 years: OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.98 to 3.96; 60 to 69 years: OR 4.43, 95% CI 3.04 to 6.44; and ≥70 years: OR 10.97, 95% CI 7.17 to 16.77). The odds were lower in female patients (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.84), patients residing in rural areas (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.95) and patients without health insurance (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.83). The odds were higher in single/divorced/widowed patients compared with those in married patients (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.12).ConclusionsA large percentage of patients with T2DM in the tertiary care department in Ningbo, China, had comorbidities, and the factors associated with comorbidities were identified. The findings could be used in developing, evaluating and implementing interventions aimed at improving outcomes in patients with T2DM with comorbidities.

scholarly journals Mortality Burden of Non Communicable Disease – A Retrospective Study In A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Binoy Krishna Tarafder ◽  
Ahmed Manadir Hossain ◽  
Karzan Dey Sarker ◽  
Palash Kumar Podder ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Pattern of mortality gives a picture of disease burden of a community and helps in evaluation of health care system. A retrospective study was done in medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh from 1st July 2014 to 30st June 2015 to see the mortality pattern. Data obtained from death and admission registrar. Total 1306 deaths were recorded. Mortality rate was 7%. Male female ratio was 1.65:1. Average age at death was 56.05 years. Highest 11.3% death occurred in January, 48.6% deaths occurred during night shift. Average stay in hospital was 42.1 hours. Non communicable disease causing 87%, communicable disease causing 8.8% deaths and 4.2% were brought dead and undiagnosed. Stroke and IHD caused 54.1% deaths. Among diagnosed causes, ratio of NCD and CD was 9.9:1.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2016; 27(1) : 22-26

scholarly journals Age and Sex Differences in Sputum Smear Microscopy Results for Acid Fast Bacilli in a Tertiary Care Centre, South India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanivel Chinnakali ◽  
Kalaiselvi Selvaraj ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Gomathi Ramasamy ◽  
Mahalakshmy Thulasingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age And Sex

Background and Objectives. Low counts are more difficult to find in microscopic sputum examination and thus are more likely to be missed. In this study, we aimed to estimate the proportion of low-count grading and assessing any age and gender differences in sputum smear grading in a low HIV prevalence setting. Materials and Methods. From the tuberculosis laboratory register information on sputum positivity including the grading of smears, age and gender were extracted for January 2011–December 2011. Smears were examined using Ziehl-Neelsen technique and graded as per the Program Guidelines. Positive smears were classified into low grade positive smears (scanty and 1+) and high grade positive smears (2+ and 3+). Differences in grading of smear based on gender and age were analysed using chi square test. Results. Of 9000 smears examined, 8210 (91.2%) were collected as diagnostic smears from tuberculosis suspects. Low grade positivity was 37.5% among diagnostic smears and 69.6% among follow-up smears. Sputum smears from female examinees had higher proportions of low grade positive smears (P=0.003). Stratification of age and sex within TB suspects had clearly demonstrated the observance of higher low grade positivity among female TB suspects at extremes of age.

scholarly journals An observational study on pattern of mortalities as per ICD-10 classification system in a tertiary care hospital in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Chinmay Nandi ◽  
Kaushik Mitra ◽  
Dipankar Bhaumik ◽  
Shamik Parna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Icd 10

Background: Records of vital events like death constitute an important component of the Health Information System. Patterns of mortality decline that occur with the demographic transition is a change in the distribution of deaths by cause away from a pattern dominated by communicable diseases toward one in which non-communicable diseases account for the overwhelming majority of deaths. Aims and Objective: To identify the mortality pattern in Burdwan Medical College as per ICD-10 classification in the year 2017.The study also evaluated socio-demographic distribution and causes of deaths during that period. Materials and Methods: It was an Institution based retrospective observational study. Complete enumeration of all hospital records of medically certified deaths of in-patients from different departments except the Paediatrics who died in 2017 was done. The underlying cause of death was classified according to I.C.D 10th revision, version 16. Information collected included also the demographic characteristics like age, gender, date of admission, place of residence and date of death for the study. Results: In this study, most of the deaths were seen in males (59.99%), with a sex ratio of female to male deaths to be 667 per thousand. The major proportion of deaths was in the age group of 55 to 64 years (23.53%). The percentage distribution of ten major cause groups of death for the period from January to December during 2017 reveals that the group “Diseases of the Circulatory System” had occupied the position of the top-most killer and it had maintained the trend throughout the year with the highest rate in the month of March (43.9%). The cause of death was more in Non-Communicable diseases (Chapter IX, Chapter XIX) compared to that of Communicable diseases. Conclusion: Procedures for death certification and coding of underlying causes of death need to be streamlined to improve reliability of registration data needed for epidemiological research or public health policy formulation.

scholarly journals Pattern of cigarette smoking: intensity, cessation, and age of beginning: evidence from a cohort study in West of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Hamzeh ◽  
Vahid Farnia ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar ◽  
Yahya Pasdar ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Premature Deaths

Abstract Background Smoking is a social epidemic and one of the main risk factors for premature deaths and disabilities worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the Pattern of Cigarette Smoking: intensity, cessation, and age of the beginning. Methods Data collected from the recruitment phase of Ravansar (a Kurd region in western Iran) Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study was analyzed by using Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, Poisson regression, and linear regression. Results Totally 10,035 individuals (47.42% males) participated in the study. Mean age was lower for males (47.45 yr) than for females (48.36 yr). Prevalence of smoking was 20% (36.4% of males and 5.23% of females). Compared to female participants, males showed a 7-fold higher prevalence of smoking and started smoking about 4 years earlier. Being married, having a lower BMI, living in rural areas, and being exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) were predictors of higher smoking prevalence rates. Furthermore, current exposure to SHS, higher smoking intensity, later smoking initiation, male gender, younger age, lower education, and lower BMI were related to lower likelihood of stopping smoking. Heavy smokers began to smoke about 4 years earlier than casual smokers did. Finally, being divorced/ widow/ widower/ single and childhood exposure to SHS were found to increase the likelihood of becoming a smoker. Conclusions Based on present research results, health programs specific to smoking cessation should take socio-demographic factors, smoking history, and current smoking behavior into account.

Does basic education students know the importance of agroecology production systems for the conservation of biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e04942784
Author(s):  
Andrea Aline Mombach ◽  
Carla Grasiele Zanin Hegel ◽  
Rogério Luis Cansian ◽  
Sônia Beatris Balvedi Zakrzevski
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

The perception of a basic education of the importance of agroecological agricultural systems for human and environmental health is fundamental for changes in consumption habits, the conservation of local biodiversity and long-term social transformation. We analyzed, by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, the perceptions about agroecological and conventional agricultural production systems in 360 final students of basic education residing in nine Functional Planning Regions of southern Brazil. We used classification categories for answers within thematic axes, expressed in percentages and analyzed by means of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In general, students recognize agroecological systems as healthier for their families and for soil and water conservation, largely because they do not use agrochemicals. However, they demonstrated difficulties when arguing their importance for the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystems and for ensuring the food security of populations. Television was the main source of information related to agroecology, mainly for students residing in rural areas, thus pointing out shortcomings in basic education regarding the approach of the theme in schools. Our results show the need to build a complex network of knowledge and discussions on agroecological agricultural systems in basic education, involving changes in student perceptions, behaviors and sustainable choices.

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