scholarly journals Morphofunctional Features of the Thyroid Mast Cell Histotopography under Motor Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
A. V. Bezdenezhnykh ◽  
M. S. Aryasov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Average Optical Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Dysfunction and pathology of the thyroid gland (TG) are inextricably related to structural and functional changes in the organ. It is known that the stroma of the thyroid gland contains mast cells (MCs) participating in adaptation processes.The aim of research was to study morphofunctional changes in MCs in various topographic zones of the canine thyroid gland in normal conditions and under muscular loads that cause structural transformations of the organ.Material and methods. The study involved digitized cross-sections of the central part of the right thyroid lobe of male dogs, aged 1.5 to 2 years. The animals were divided into the control (n = 16) and experimental groups (n = 67); they received single and multiple starting, training, extreme dynamic muscular loads with the heart rate control. MCs were detected using azure-eosin staining. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, the histoscore coefficient was calculated. In the ImageJ program, the area of MCs and their average optical density were measured relative to the geometric center of the section in the central, intermediate and peripheral zones.Results. Muscle loads during single and multiple trainings resulted in a stereotyped MC response: a decrease (p <0.008) in their number, cross-sectional area, average optical density, and histoscore coefficient. The duration and frequency of exposure formed a wide range of responses, up to atypical. Involvement of the central zone was detected in 100% of cases, intermediate in 2/3 of cases and peripheral in 50%.Conclusion. MCs provide integration in the central, intermediate and peripheral zones of the thyroid gland, and the magnitude and frequency of impacts determine the severity and specificity of their morphofunctional changes.

scholarly journals Performance Optimization of Polymer Fibre Actuators for Soft Robotics

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan D. Rukhlenko ◽  
Syamak Farajikhah ◽  
Charles Lilley ◽  
Andre Georgis ◽  
Maryanne Large ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Wide Range

Analytical modeling of soft pneumatic actuators constitutes a powerful tool for the systematic design and characterization of these key components of soft robotics. Here, we maximize the quasi-static bending angle of a soft pneumatic actuator by optimizing its cross-section for a fixed positive pressure inside it. We begin by formulating a general theoretical framework for the analytical calculation of the bending angle of pneumatic actuators with arbitrary cross-sections, which is then applied to an actuator made of a circular polymer tube and an asymmetric patch in the shape of a hollow-cylinder sector on its outer surface. It is shown that the maximal bending angle of this actuator can be achieved using a wide range of patches with different optimal dimensions and approximately the same cross-sectional area, which decreases with pressure. We also calculate the optimal dimensions of thin and small patches in thin pneumatic actuators. Our analytical results lead to clear design guidelines, which may prove useful for engineering and optimization of the key components of soft robotics with superior features.

scholarly journals Lateral and Overturning Resistance of Wind Turbine Foundations Reinforced with Piles on Bedrock by Modelling Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Gichun Kang ◽  
Seong-Kyu Yun ◽  
Tae-Hyung Kim ◽  
Jiseong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Right

This study evaluated the lateral and overturning resistance of wind turbine foundations reinforced with piles on bedrock through model experiments. In particular, changes in lateral and overturning resistance of wind turbine foundations were analyzed according to cross-sectional size and the presence of piles of wind turbine foundations. As a result, by reducing the cross-section, the lateral resistance of the pile-reinforced wind turbine foundation was compared to the existing wind turbine foundation with large cross-sections and was shown to be 1.68 times greater. In the case of vertical displacements affecting overturning, the safety of overturning was also greater, as the vertical displacement of the pile-reinforced wind turbine foundation was 36% smaller than the existing wind turbine foundation. As a result of the unidirectional cyclic load on a pile-reinforced wind turbine foundation, lateral resistance value was similar to that of the static load in target displacement value, and it showed that the elastic resilience was very large due to pile reinforcement. According to the bending moment measurement of piles embedded in wind turbine foundations and bedrock, bending moments were large in the order of the front row, the right-hand row, and the back row, while the maximum bending moment generation was found on the boundary surface of the wind turbine foundation and the rubble mound layer for the front row, as well as on the boundary surface of the rubble mound layer and bedrock for the right-hand row and back row.

scholarly journals Downstream Morphologic Characteristics of the Alluvial Section of Lower River Ogun, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olutoyin A. Fashae ◽  
Adetoye Faniran
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wetted Perimeter

Abstract Rivers constitute an important focus of attention in surface water studies because of their dynamic nature. Therefore, natural rivers develop a wide range of channel forms whose characteristics vary as a function of the position within the fluvial systems. This study examined the river channel morphologic parameters along the alluvial section of River Ogun in South western Nigeria. Data on the channel morphologic variables were collected through field measurement of the bankfull cross sectional characteristics of the river from where the longitudinal characteristics were defined. 48 cross sections were randomly established at bankfull stage along the river channel stretch of 90 km. Bankfull depth and width at each of the cross sections were determined using sonar (electronic sounding machine) that was mounted to a boat. Velocity was measured with the aid of a current meter, while other morphological parameters were estimated from the field data. Analysis of variance revealed that downstream morphological characteristics of the river varies distinctively at each cross section with bedslope as the most significantly varied among all other morphologic parameters (F=91.18; P=0.00). Pearson product moment correlation technique revealed that bankfull width had a correlation of 0.8 and 0.9 with wetted perimeter and cross sectional area respectively while bankfull depth (maximum) had correlations of 0.9, 0.8 and 0.78 with hydraulic radius, wetted perimeter and cross sectional area respectively. The research also revealed that gradient affects the discharge with a positive correlation of 0.9. The study ascertains the extent of variability in the morphologic characteristic of River Ogun which provides scientific basis for river maintenance and management.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. G19-G41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Zaidi ◽  
Daniel S Knight ◽  
Daniel X Augustine ◽  
Allan Harkness ◽  
David Oxborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
British Society ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function

The structure and function of the right side of the heart is influenced by a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. Quantification of right heart parameters is important in a variety of clinical scenarios including diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring response to therapy. Although echocardiography remains the first-line imaging investigation for right heart assessment, published guidance is relatively sparse in comparison to that for the left ventricle. This guideline document from the British Society of Echocardiography describes the principles and practical aspects of right heart assessment by echocardiography, including quantification of chamber dimensions and function, as well as assessment of valvular function. While cut-off values for normality are included, a disease-oriented approach is advocated due to the considerable heterogeneity of structural and functional changes seen across the spectrum of diseases affecting the right heart. The complex anatomy of the right ventricle requires special considerations and echocardiographic techniques, which are set out in this document. The clinical relevance of right ventricular diastolic function is introduced, with practical guidance for its assessment. Finally, the relatively novel techniques of three-dimensional right ventricular echocardiography and right ventricular speckle tracking imaging are described. Despite these techniques holding considerable promise, issues relating to reproducibility and inter-vendor variation have limited their clinical utility to date.

scholarly journals Clinical and cytogenetic features of a Brazilian sample of patients with phenotype of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pawelec da Silva ◽  
Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa ◽  
Patrícia Trevisan ◽  
Juliana Cavalheiro Dorneles ◽  
Camila Saporiti Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Limb Reduction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is considered to be a defect of embryogenesis involving structures originating from the first branchial arches. Our objective was to describe the clinical and cytogenetic findings from a sample of patients with the phenotype of OAVS.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a referral hospital in southern Brazil.METHODS: The sample consisted of 23 patients who presented clinical findings in at least two of these four areas: orocraniofacial, ocular, auricular and vertebral. The patients underwent a clinical protocol and cytogenetic evaluation through high-resolution karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization for 5p and 22q11 microdeletions and investigation of chromosomal instability for Fanconi anemia.RESULTS: Cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in three cases (13%) and consisted of: 47,XX,+mar; mos 47,XX,+mar/46,XX; and 46,XX,t(6;10)(q13; q24). We observed cases of OAVS with histories of gestational exposition to fluoxetine, retinoic acid and crack. One of our patients was a discordant monozygotic twin who had shown asymmetrical growth restriction during pregnancy. Our patients with OAVS were characterized by a broad clinical spectrum and some presented atypical findings such as lower-limb reduction defect and a tumor in the right arm, suggestive of hemangioma/lymphangioma.CONCLUSIONS: We found a wide range of clinical characteristics among the patients with OAVS. Different chromosomal abnormalities and gestational expositions were also observed. Thus, our findings highlight the heterogeneity of the etiology of OAVS and the importance of these factors in the clinical and cytogenetic evaluation of these patients.

scholarly journals Studi Deskriptif: Sikap, Pengawasan Keluarga, Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Upaya Pengendalian Hipertensi Pada Lansia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Novita Nirmalasari ◽  
Yessi Angga Novitasari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Background: Elderly is a decrease in cardiovascular function. Sstructural and functional changes occur in the peripheral vascular system responsible for variations in blood pressure. The study aims at finding out attitude, family supervision, level of knowledge, and efforts to control hypertension in working area Puskesmas Saptosari Gunungkidul. Method: The study was descriptive research with cross-sectional. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling. The number of the sample 38 repondent. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The data analysis used was univariate. Result: The majority of women (94.7%), aged 60-70 years (84.2%), and hypertension stage I (68.4%). Most of the attitudes have the right attitude (94,7%), family supervision (89,5%), and inadequate level of knowledge (76,3%). In controlling efforts, most were in a good category (94,7%). Conclusion: Almost all respondents have the right attitude and supervision from the family. Even though they have an inadequate level of knowledge, control efforts are mostly reasonable.

Motor Training-Induced Neuroplasticity

GeroPsych ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladina Bezzola ◽  
Susan Mérillat ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Wide Range

The present lab-review presents and discusses our previous and current research into motor training-induced neuroplasticity by classifying our work on the basis of two broad aspects: (1) the applied study design (i.e., cross-sectional vs. longitudinal) and (2) the complexity of the motor task subjected to training (i.e., elementary finger movements vs. highly complex physical activity). Together with others we demonstrate that training-induced anatomic and functional changes are evident for a wide range of motor tasks and for several age cohorts. Finally, we discuss our findings from a lifespan perspective and embed them in the context of research investigating the beneficial effect of motor training-induced neuroplasticity on brain aging.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Durak ◽  
M. Kitapgi ◽  
B. E. Caner ◽  
R. Senekowitsch ◽  
M. T. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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