scholarly journals Determination of Species Composition of Mosquitoes in Lahore, Pakistan

Author(s):  
Farkhanda Manzoor ◽  
Robeela Shabbir ◽  
Madiha Sana ◽  
Sumbal Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan

Background: Present study was conducted to determine species composition of mosquitoes (larvae, pupae and adults) collected from ten different towns of Lahore from September 2014 to August 2015. Methods: Mosquito larvae, pupae and adults (male and female) were collected by using dippers and aspirators from September 2014 to August 2015 in different sites of Lahore comprising of ten towns i.e. Iqbal, Aziz Bhatti, Data Ganj Baksh, Gulberg, Nishtar, Ravi, Samanabad, Shalimar, Wagah, and Lahore Cantonment. Mosquito larvae and adults were identified by standard entomological keys. Diversity, richness and rarity of mosquito fauna were analyzed by the Shannon, Simpson and Margalef indices respectively. Results: In this study, a total of 8656 mosquitoes belonging to four genera namely Anopheles, Culex, Aedes and Man­sonia were identified. Among fifteen species collected, Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most abundant species in the city having 25.8% relative abundance. However An. culicifacies s.l. (sensu lato) was reported as the least abundant species with 0.22% relative abundance. The highest diversity of mosquitoes was shown in the month of August (H= 2.25) while the lowest diversity was recorded June (H= 1.43). Extensive sewage water supported the maximum abundance of Cx. quinquifasciatus in urban areas of this city. Conclusions: This study has significantly elaborated the monthly varying species composition of mosquito fauna of this city. Hence this research will help us to find out the control strategies of mosquito borne diseases in this region.

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).


Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio

Sexual acts form the basis of human life. In urban areas, both male and female sex workers and their mental health have been studied. The risks of resulting sexually transmitted diseases are higher and, consequently, physical and psychiatric comorbidity may be higher. The theory of sex markets focuses on sexual partnering and emphasizes that it is fundamentally a local process, meaning that the two people must live within reasonable geographical proximity to initiate and develop a sexual relationship that is physical. Of course, often people do indulge in cybersex, for which adequate electronic and WiFi facilities have to be available. Economic needs and perspectives may play a major role in transient sexual partnering.


1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Khelil ◽  
Stefan Schneider

In recent years, the population and authorities in West Germany have become very concerned with water pollution. In this respect, combined sewage discharges have been pointed out as a major source. Various measures can be considered, which can be ordered into three categories: a redefinition of the objectives of the Urban Drainage System (UDS), the reshaping of the UDS (e.g. extension of the storage capacity) or the modification of its operation. Among the latter measures, Real-Time Control (RTC) constitutes the main option. It aims at a better exploitation of the existing storage potential. As the city of Bremen (Germany) decided, several years ago, to renew the on-line survey and monitoring system of its UDS, the determination of on-line strategies to operate the pumps came to the fore. Methods and tools to investigate the possibility to reduce the pollution loads through improved control strategies have been developed. Some results are presented.


2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Ferrarese

Transportation science and integrated logistics of passengers in the cities provide a detailed study of the movements both on entry to the urban areas than within them. Parking lots are, very often, places of exchange between the motorized and the pedestrian or cycling mode, or between individual and collective motorized modes. As the modern urban civilization is known by its impetuous car parking expansion it becomes essential to design the parking lots bearing in mind the needs of those who will really use them and not referring to the political lobbies in the city administration. The study of parking lot in terms of business and financial design, planning and management after the construction needs is a more accurate determination of the experimental parameters, which enable choice of the model to minimize the uncertainty of the data that will define the revenues according to the Project Financing procedures.


2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 672-677
Author(s):  
HINA REHMAN, ◽  
AMMAR HUSSAIN,

Introduction: Cardiovascular drug interaction is the alarming and becoming leading cause of death in the society ofKarachi Pakistan where the prevalence rate of CVS diseases in urban areas is very high. Objective: The aim was to evaluate thecardiovascular interactions in poly prescription in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: The methodology adopted for this study iscross sectional study. Material & Methods: In which verbally and signed informed consent prepare which help to limitize the biasness.Results: In this study the determination of the percentage of interactions is about 30%.The gender which is most susceptible forinteraction is females. The Significance or consequences of interaction would measured by minor, moderate and major level. In our studyminor is about 28, moderate is about19 while Major is about 9.The most untoward effects which was seen was bradycardia and the classof drug which lead for interaction is Beat and ACE blockers in the prescribing practice and some severe interaction lead to life threatening.Conclusion: The main result which is concluding for this study is the huge number of interaction which is found in the prescription createslife threatening circumstances. With the proper consultation and time we can minimize the interaction as well as the health scenario canbe improved and the quality of life can be improved.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Wahyu Pratama ◽  
Titiek Kartika ◽  
Yorry Hardayani

This scientific research was conducted to find out the description of the implementation of the Regional Regulation on Regional Spatial Planning in realizing environmentally sustainable development in Bengkulu Tengah Regency. The focus of this research is on the implementation of the policy of providing Green Open Space in the development of urban areas, namely the City Parks that have been built. The method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data analysis is based on techniques commonly used in communication messages, namely data collection, data classification, data interpretation and meaning of research results. The results of the study were viewed from four aspects, namely the determination of zoning, licensing issues, choice of incentives and disincentives, and community participation. From this aspect, it is known that in the construction of City Parks as a form of implementation of the policy of providing Green Open Space in the development of urban areas in Bengkulu Regency, the principle of environmentally sustainable development has not been maximally realized. First, the determination of City Park zoning is carried out unilaterally by the government without coordinating with the community. Secondly, the issue of licensing where the construction of the City Park permit location is unknown to the public. Third, the choice of incentives and disincentives provided by the government is still too small and does not prioritize the interests of the community. Finally, the participation of the community in the construction of the City Park is still very lacking because the government is not transparent regarding the development planning that will be carried out.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zainuddin Fathoni

Placement and determination of waste landfill locations in each city is very important. The location of a landfill that is not well organized will cause some negative consequences, which can cause damage to infrastructure; local environmental pollution; release of methane gas which is called organic decomposition; means of carrying diseases such as rats and flies; and simple interference. The existing landfill in Gresik city, precisely in the Ngipik Village, needs to be evaluated again because besides being in an urban location, the TPA has already been overloaded. Stakeholders need to find alternative locations to organize the city and make the city more comfortable for residential and urban areas. The solution to the problem requires a support method to find a solution. One method of supporting the decision is the method of transportation, this method can help to determine the optimal location of various alternatives. The transportation method discusses the distribution of goods from a number of sources (supply) to various destinations (requests) with the aim of minimizing the costs of transportation that occur. The results of calculating the optimal solution for each location using POM software by using a combination of existing landfill with TPA proposed I total costs spent in a day Rp.1.764.105,20. Temporary costs incurred using the existing landfill combination with TPA proposed II is Rp. 1.981.150,60. And the costs incurred using the existing landfill combination with the TPA proposed I and TPA proposed II ​​amounting to Rp.2.121.919,80. The combination of the use of the existing landfill with TPA proposed I has the lowest cost value of all alternatives.


2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01129
Author(s):  
Ivan Palatkin ◽  
Alexander Pavlov ◽  
Alexander Kudryavtsev

In the face of new global challenges, the economic and social significance of territorial problems in the Russian Federation has received a different, extremely acute meaning. The crisis and shortage of the budgets of most of the municipal formations in the country predetermine the shift of problems of ensuring sustainable development of urban areas from theory to practice. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for determination of the priority directions for the city's industrial development. The paper analyzes the principles of sustainable development in the field of urban planning and spatial planning, outlines the mechanisms for stimulating economic growth in cities and the ways to determine the priority directions of the city's industrial development. The authors carried out a practical testing of the proposed methodology on the example of the city of Penza. Recommendations for a more complete use of the potential of the machine-building industry are developed.


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Coelho Vargas de Almeida ◽  
Jaime Louzada ◽  
Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves ◽  
Thiago M. Carvalho ◽  
Júlio Castro-Alves ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Malaria control requires local action. Assessing the vector diversity and abundance provides information on the local malariogenic potential or risk of transmission. This study aimed to determine the Anopheles species composition, habitats, seasonal occurrence, and distribution in areas with autochthonous and imported malaria cases in Roraima State. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted from January 2017 to October 2018, sampling larvae and adult mosquitoes in three municipalities of Roraima State: Boa Vista, Pacaraima and São João da Baliza. These areas have different risks of malaria importation. Four to six mosquito larval habitats were selected for larval sampling at each municipality, along with two additional sites for adult mosquito collection. All larval habitats were surveyed every two months using a standardized larval sampling methodology and MosqTent for adult mosquitoes. Results A total of 544 Anopheles larvae and 1488 adult mosquitoes were collected from the three municipalities studied. Although the species abundance differed between municipalities, the larvae of Anopheles albitarsis s.l., Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles triannulatus s.l. were collected from all larval habitats studied while Anopheles darlingi were collected only from Boa Vista and São João da Baliza. Adults of 11 species of the genus Anopheles were collected, and the predominant species in Boa Vista was An. albitarsis (88.2%) followed by An. darlingi (6.9%), while in São João da Baliza, An. darlingi (85.6%) was the most predominant species followed by An. albitarsis s.l. (9.2%). In contrast, the most abundant species in Pacaraima was Anopheles braziliensis (62%), followed by Anopheles peryassui (18%). Overall, the majority of anophelines exhibited greater extradomicile than peridomicile-biting preference. Anopheles darlingi was the only species found indoors. Variability in biting times was observed among species and municipalities. Conclusion This study revealed the composition of anopheline species and habitats in Boa Vista, Pacaraima and São João da Baliza. The species sampled differed in their behaviour with only An. darlingi being found indoors. Anopheles darlingi appeared to be the most important vector in São João da Baliza, an area of autochthonous malaria, and An. albitarsis s.l. and An. braziliensis in areas of low transmission, although there were increasing reports of imported malaria. Understanding the diversity of vector species and their ecology is essential for designing effective vector control strategies for these municipalities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Gizhitskaya ◽  
Elena M. Lyakh

Species composition, quantity participation and spreading of ornamental bushes in current system of Novosibirsk green areas are determined. Upper zone (“Verkhnyaya zona”) of Academgorodok is not taken into research as far as it is a cultural heritage site and a significant site of landscape architecture of the 20th century. Special attention is given to participation of lilac species and cultivars (Syringa vulgaris L., Syringa amurensis Rupr., Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.). It is pointed out that 62 species of bushes are used in the city, including 3 species of lilac, however their quantity participation is not enough and does not satisfy regulatory limits. Twenty six cultivars from the collection Syringa vulgaris L. of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS are recommended additionally. Three cultivars, ‘Nadezhda’, ‘Pamyat’ o S. M. Kirove’ and ‘Olimpiada Kolesnikova’, successfully tested in urban environment are highly recommended. Besides, it is recommended to use wider Syringa amurensis Rupr., and to introduce late-flowering Preston hybrids (Syringa x prestoniae Mc. Kelvey (S. reflexa x S. villosa)), curretly absent in green urban areas, in urban greening in Siberia.


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