scholarly journals The Environment of Creators and Consumers of Economic Knowledge of the Free Economic Society in the Ukrainian Historical Lands (the Last Third of the 19th — the Beginning of the 20th Centuries).

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-163
Author(s):  
Valentyna Shandra

The Free Economic Society, created under Catherine II, was fully in line with the enlightenment intentions of the Empress and her desire to encourage landowners to arrange their estates based on knowledge. One of the factors of its establishment was the need to accelerate the colonization of the Ukrainian southern territories, where land was received by officials and officers without economic skills. The society was to promote the foreign experience and the experience of those landowners who had achieved certain successes in growing high yields, organizing work, using machines and tillage, and building outbuildings. At the same time, it sought to study local specifics by describing and accumulating information about the demographic situation and economic potential of all territories of the Russian Empire. How did the landowners of the Ukrainian lands react to the attempts of the VET to involve them in their own activities and did its recommendations for the introduction of new agricultural technologies, which were discussed in the company’s publications, become authoritative? The author’s observations of the initial period of his activity allowed us to draw the following conclusions. In order to attract enlightened businessmen to participate in the society, the supreme power mobilized the local administration, which in turn mobilized the nobility. However, landowners were in no hurry to share their own achievements, and the company’s printed works did not become widespread and respectively did not take advantage of VET recommendations. There were insignificant successes in the natural-economic and demographic description of the provinces. The most complete were the descriptions of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province, the rest either did not take part in this project at all, or were brief.

Author(s):  
Maksim Anisimov

Heinrich Gross was a diplomat of the Empress of Russia Elizabeth Petrovna, a foreigner on the Russian service who held some of the most important diplomatic posts of her reign. As the head of Russian diplomatic missions in European countries, he was an immediate participant in the rupture of both Franco-Russian and Russo-Prussian diplomatic relations and witnessed the beginning of the Seven Years' War, while in the capital of Saxony, besieged by Prussian troops. After that H. Gross was one of the members of the collective leadership of the Russian Collegium of Foreign Affairs. So far there is only one biographic essay about him written in the 19th century. The aims of this article are threefold. Using both published foreign affairs-related documentation and diplomatic documents stored in the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, it attempts to systematize the materials of the biography of this important participant in international events. It also seeks to assess his professional qualities and get valuable insight into his role both in the major events of European politics and in the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire in the mid-18th century. Moreover, the account of the diplomatic career of H. Gross presented in this essay aims to generate genuine interest among researchers in the personality and professional activities of one of the most brilliant Russian diplomats of the Enlightenment Era.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehendreswor Koirala

<p>Editorial board has pleasure to release this issue of <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong>, an annual Journal of Department of Economics, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara (Volume XII, December 2014). Through the publication of this journal. We have been making efforts to promote the general advancement of economic knowledge, information and techniques of analysis since 1981. Our aim is to continue this tradition by publishing highly academic and policy oriented research papers and to provide platforms for enthusiastic scholars who like to publish their scholarly and analytical paper based on fresh research on the issues of interest around the discipline of economics. This issue incorporates analytical articles of contemporary issues of Nepalese economy including deposit mobilization in a commercial bank, government expenditure, multi-dimensional poverty in rural area, impact of remittance, index of human development, financial institution and management practices of graduates.</p><p>We strongly believe that University Departments should engage in research and disseminate the ideas and findings obtained through research to the scientific community for the enlightenment of knowledge, not just to deliver the existing knowledge in class rooms. We have firmly believed that it will not only enrich field of knowledge but also inspire the fresh graduates towards the culture of scientific research and thoughtful writings. If this publication contributed something to strengthen the culture, we will feel great satisfaction. It is, however, up to the reader to evaluate our endeavour.</p><p>It was not possible to offer this volume to the esteemed readers without the contributions of the authors of articles included in this issue. We, therefore, reverentially acknowledge the authors who have contributed to the journal. We would also like to thank to those who have assisted us by encouraging the course of this publication. Special thanks go to the campus administration for encouragement and support in various ways. The editorial board welcomes all the noble thoughts, constructive comments and suggestions.</p><p>Economic Literature Vol.12 2014</p>


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Ik Joong Youn ◽  
Bernhard Seliger

Russia went through major political and economic changes in the 1990s. Siberia, historically a resource-colony, also began autonomous economic development. However, economic development did not succeed as planned and resulted in total failure. Siberia still holds the same meaning to Russia, as a colony that provides natural resources. But the exploitation of Siberia's rich resources is not enough to entice policymakers and scientists to develop Siberia until it reaches its full economic potential. This leads to a concentration of research in the economic analysis of resources, energy, transport, environment, agriculture, and forestry. The focus on institutional transformation is very typical in the discussion about Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Russia's transformation, while micro-institutional analyses remain silent about Siberia. Emerging research on fiscal federalism and regionalization in Russia can provide basic elements of a micro-institutional theory, but elements such as a framework for education, local administration, and infrastructure are still wanting.


2021 ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kucheruk

Among many issues related to the phenomenon of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921, the specifics of the development of the earliest stage of its history attracts special attention of the researchers. It is no accident, because during this period the Ukrainian national movement in the Russian Empire, which was in fact totally banned with the outbreak of the First World War, proved its strength and its ability to become a real factor in mobilizing the masses. The logic of historical events initiated almost immediately by the appearance in early March 1917 in Kyiv of the organizational center of Ukrainians led to a revolutionary transformation of public consciousness in terms of moderate demands made in pre-revolutionary times by a relatively small group of public figures, as well as to a strong assertion of the sovereign will of the Ukrainian people, who had irreversibly embarked on the path of state formation. The demands mainly concerned schooling, basic opportunities for development of national culture and extremely limited forms of local self-government.In view of this, the article considers both the historical context, circumstances and conditions of the establishment of the Central Council of Ukraine, and the peculiarities of positioning the representatives of various political currents during the least documented period: from the end of February 1917 to the All-Ukrainian National Congress (April 6-8, 1917). Based on the analysis of the recollections of participants and witnesses of the process, periodicals and official publications of the Central Council of Ukraine, the names of the Ukrainian figures who were its founding members, were clarified. It was emphasized that, despite the dissatisfaction of the older Ukrainian activists associated with the Society of Ukrainian Progressives, this revolutionary parliament began to form as a broad union of groups, parties and organizations representing the full range of Ukrainian political forces at the time. Particular attention is paid to the fact that at the initial stage of formation of the Central Council of Ukraine the problem of consolidation has become one of the most pressing on the agenda of national life.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Sharma

<p>Editorial board has pleasure to release this issue of <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong>, an annual Journal of Department of Economics, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara (Volume XI, No. 1, June 2013). Through the publication of this journal Department of Economics has been making efforts to promote the general advancement of economic knowledge, information and techniques of analysis since 1981. Our aim is to continue this tradition by publishing highly academic and policy oriented research papers and to provide platforms for enthusiastic scholars who like to publish their scholarly and analytical paper based on fresh research on the issues of interest around the discipline of economics. This issue incorporates analytical articles of contemporary issues of economy ranging from impact of public expenditure, natural resource use, micro-insurance, tourism trends, food security, recreational demand to impact of global recession.</p><p>Editorial board strongly believe that University Departments should engage in research and disseminate the ideas and findings to the scientific community for the enlightenment of knowledge, not just to deliver the existing knowledge in class rooms; it will not only enrich field of knowledge but also inspire the fresh graduates towards the culture of scientific research and thoughtful writings. If this publication contributed something to strengthen the culture, we will feel great satisfaction. It is, however, up to the reader to evaluate our endeavour.</p><p> It was not possible to offer this volume to the esteemed readers without the contributions of the authors of articles included in this issue. The board, therefore, reverentially acknowledge the authors who have contributed to the journal. We would also like to thank to those who have assisted us in the course of this publication. Special thanks go to the campus administration for encouragement and support in various ways. The editorial board welcomes all the noble thoughts, constructive comments an</p>


Author(s):  
Germano Maifreda

Economic knowledge and scientific method in the lombard enlightenment. Notes from «Il caffè». The connections, emerging between the 16th and the 18th century, between the evolution of economic knowledge and the rise of the scientific method, are important research topics for historians of economic ideas. However, further research on the application of the scientific method is still needed, especially when we come to the analysis of how economic principles took shape in Lombardy during the Enlightenment. The same need for further research concerns the debates on economic policy during the Age of Reforms in the latter half of the eighteenth century. This is even more necessary for Milanese Enlightenment scholars, who have been relatively neglected in comparison to the contemporary Neapolitan writers. A first aspect, enphasized in this paper, is the admiration expressed by the Lombard authors toward achievements coming from elsewhere, and particularly from outside Italy. Reading “Il Caffè”, together with the works and correspondence of Pietro and Alessandro Verri, Cesare Beccaria, Paolo Frisi and many other scholars, gives immediate and clear evidence of the Lombard attraction for the scientific tradition in mathematics, physics, astronomy, and, more generally, for the western tradition of epistemology and philosophy of science rooted in the works of Galileo, Bacon, Newton, Petty, Harvey and others. However, admiration and attraction never boil down to a passive acceptance of ready-made recipes, nor do they lead to mechanistic interpretations of the working of social and economic systems. It must be said that one of the original traits of the Lombard contribution during the enlightenment is the inclination to draw the appropriate epistemic distinction between the natural sciences on one side and the social and political sciences on the other side. The Lombard writers were precocious in keeping aloof from any acritical scientistic drift.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 196-212
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Kopelev

The publication is devoted to the problems of transfer of Western European institutional and intellectual technologies in the Russian Empire. Studying the experience of using James Cook's sea navigation techniques in Russia, the author analyzes how the first round-the-world expedition was led under the leadership of G. Mulovsky in 1787 and analyzes the reasons for its cancellation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269

After the fall of the January Uprising there were about 20,000. Poles in Siberia. The Russian administration and the Siberian communities were not prepared to receive such a large group of Poles. In many places, especially in the initial period of exile, there were various types of misunderstandings between the Poles and the Russian administration and the Siberian community. We learn about them from denunciations. The informers came from both exiles and the local Siberian population. There was a fundamental difference between these denunciations. Poles, writing denunciations on their compatriots, counted on a reduction in punishment or even on release. Everyone was disappointed. The Siberian population, in turn, in their denunciations to the administration of various levels, claimed that Poles were preparing a general-Siberian uprising in order to detach this part from Russia that the local administration was too lenient with Poles, especially with people of noble origin. Finally, it was reported that Poles were preparing arsonist attacks on Siberian cities. The authorities were also warned that if Poles lived in large communities there was a danger of polonization of Siberian communities. For a historian, denunciations are important in the process of recreating the life of Siberian exiles, especially in the aspect of mutual relations between the Poles and the local population.


Author(s):  
Alla Namazova

The author analyses the initial period of the history of diplomatic relations between Russia and the Kingdom of Belgium, from 1853 onwards. The essay is based on the study of diplomatic documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. The author focuses on Russia’s important role in the international recognition of the independence of Belgium: after the Belgian Revolution of 1830, the former was one of the great powers which guaranteed, through international legal acts, the existence of a young neutral Belgian state. The close dynastic ties between the House of Romanov and the royal family of Belgium, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, especially between the Romanovs and the first King of the Belgians, Leopold I. The latter took up a military career in the Imperial Russian Army (1812–1815), gained a certain degree of credibility at the Imperial Court in St. Petersburg; the personal correspondence established between the two ruling Houses helped to strengthen Russian-Belgian relations. Official documents of this period demonstrate that Brussels was strategically important as an information centre where information from the nearest European capitals was accumulated. That is why the Russian Foreign Ministry approached the selection of diplomatic personnel for the Russian representation in Brussels with special care, as evidenced by the guidelines of the Foreign Ministry to envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary cited in the article. The author also gives close attention to the life and work of the Belgian envoy in St. Petersburg, Count Camille de Briey, and the first Russian envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary in Brussels in 1853–1869, namely Count Mikhail Khreptovich and Prince Nikolay Orlov, as well as Alexandr Rikhter, who contributed to the development of friendly relations between the two countries.


Author(s):  
Алексей Владимирович Родионов ◽  
Елена Владимировна Емельянова

В статье приведены результаты историко-правового исследования процессов организации труда осужденных в Российской империи в период расцвета абсолютизма. Определены некоторые особенности законодательства, регулировавшего привлечение осужденных к труду на вновь присоединенных территориях Малороссии. Проанализированы нормы уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, определявшие особенности привлечения осужденных к труду. Исследованы предпосылки формирования гуманистической правовой доктрины, определившей существенную либерализацию отечественного уголовно-исполнительного законодательства исследуемого периода. Определено существенное влияние прогрессивных политических и правовых учений европейских мыслителей эпохи Просвещения на процессы отечественного нормотворчества. Выявлены причины низкой эффективности применения ряда законодательных актов, определявших особенности организации труда осужденных. Проанализированы социально-экономические предпосылки, определявшие направления развития отечественного уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства изучаемого исторического периоду. The article presents the results of historical and legal research of convicts’ labor organization processes in the Russian Empire in the heyday of absolutism. Were identified some features of legal regulation of convicts’ involvement work in the newly annexed territories of Malorossia. Were analyzed the norms of criminal and criminal-executive legislation, that defined features of convicts’ involvement to work. The prerequisites for the formation of the humanistic legal doctrine, which determined the significant liberalization of the domestic criminal-executive legislation of the studied period, were investigated. The significant influence of progressive political and legal doctrines of European thinkers of the enlightenment on the processes of domestic rule-making was determined. The reasons of low efficiency of application of a number of the legislative acts defining features of the organization of work of convicts were revealed. The socio-economic conditions that determined the directions of development of the domestic criminal and criminal-executive legislation of the studied historical period were analyzed.


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