scholarly journals Influence ofmother onion planting time on the yield and sowing its qualities onion seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
U. A. Kadirov ◽  
M. Kh. Aramov

Relevance. In Uzbekistan, especially in the south of the republic, in recent years, early ripe varieties of onion Sumbula, Ravnak, Bakhora have become widespread. However, the technology of seed production of early maturing varieties has not been developed. In this regard, several studies were carried out to identify the optimal time for planting the mother plants of the early maturing onion variety Sumbula by using the favorable climatic conditions of southern Uzbekistan.Material and methodology. The material for the research was the early ripe onion variety Sumbula, bred by the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes. The studies were carried out according to the Methodological guidelines for the ecological testing of vegetable crops in the open field etc. The dates of seed planting were studied.Results. Studies have shown that the highest seed yield (0.97 t/ha) was obtained in the early autumn planting of mother plants on September 1. It was 20% more than in the control variant – September 15. At later planting dates, the seed yield decreases sharply.When mother plants were planted on October 30, the seed yield was only 0,46 t/ha, or 59.7% of the control.The yield of onion seeds increases, mainly due to the more powerful development of plants during early autumn planting – the formation of large leaves, inflorescences, and additional arrows. The more large and powerful leaves, the more plants have the ability to synthesize plastic substances in the process of photosynthesis and accumulate a high yield.

Author(s):  
N.V. Sergeev ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Pivkin

The experience of cultivation of soybeans in SC "Agricultural machinery" of the Kaluga region on an area of 190 hectares shows that the soybean variety Alaska is sufficiently adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this region, provides a high seed yield (up to 32 c / ha) and a high yield (up to 1344 kg / ha) relatively inexpensive protein. However, this variety has a long growing season (95-105 days) and therefore desiccation of crops is required for harvesting for seeds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04024
Author(s):  
Shavkat Durkhodjaev ◽  
Sohibjon Islamov ◽  
Tulganoy Kenjaeva ◽  
Abdulaziz Tojiboyev

In this article, the results of research on the cultivation of patty pan squash in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, Planting for different periods and its growth, development, yield, as well as the impact of weather conditions were presented. Squash is a one-year plant of the family of zucchini, mainly shrub, rarely found in the form of a whip. The results showed that average yield of “White-13” control was 16 tons/ha, and it was 17 tons/ha in “Solnyshko”. Furthermore, “NLO White” and “Umberall” had a high yield compared to the other varieties and hybrids, accounted for 15 tons/ha and 15.1 tons/ha, respectively. The highest average temperature during seed germination was found in 16 august, which was 30.3°C, whereas the lowest average temperature was 18.6°C in 1st April. The results showed that 4 days were required to reach 10% of seed germination in the period April 16 and May 1, however, 10% of seed germination in July 1 and 16th took 6 days. Furthermore, the least days for 75% of seed, germination was observed in the period of May 1, accounted for 8 days, and the rest of the period was the same.


Author(s):  
P. M. Akhmedova

In the conditions of covered crop in Dagestan tomato ranks the first in terms of cultivation area and in the country it is the second place after cucumber. However, tomato production has not yet reached the level necessary to meet people’s need. Growing it allows solving the problem of import substitution, ensures a constant supply of fresh vegetable products and solves the problem of a balanced, complete nutrition human nutrition throughout the year. When studying vegetable crops in covered crop conditions were revealed both general provisions characteristic of any region and specific features depending on the complex of local natural conditions. The level of radiation, temperature, humidity, wind and snow loads leave a certain influence on the growing tomatoes technology, which makes the problem of developing scientifically grounded elements of technologies for their production, ensuring high yields of vegetable plants and environmentally safe out-of-season products. With a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions in Dagestan, territories with extreme natural contrasts, even within a single agroclimatic region, the features of light and other microclimate regimes require clarification of the most important elements of agricultural technology. One of the main components of tomato growing technology is timely protection against diseases and pests. In the absence of a system of protective measures yield losses can reach 50% or more. In this context, the assessment of new F1 hybrids in film greenhouses in the winter-autumn circulation was carried out, the most promising of them for the conditions of Dagestan were identified, and the main elements of their cultivation were developed. The article presents the results of the dynamics of the yield of the crop by months. The influence of sowing and planting dates on the tomatoes yield is shown, the optimal scheme of sowing and planting tomatoes is determined. A phenological calendar for plant protection was compiled. The prospects of growing the studied hybrids in this region have been substantiated. Обоснована перспективность выращивания изучаемых гибридов в данном регионе.


2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gęsiński

Based on the evaluation of selected varieties of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>, their requirements were identified; it was shown which varieties demonstrated the best effects in what conditions. It was found that the best varieties for Europe's conditions were E-DK-4-PQCIP and RU-5-PQCIP. E-DK-4-PQCIP variety showed the best effects under the conditions of cluster II which included e.g. Bydgoszcz (Poland) and cluster IV which included Southern European countries (Greece and Italy), while the best effects found in RU-5-PQCIP variety were identified in cluster I which included Sweden. E-DK-4-PQCIP variety in cluster II showed a very high yield of green matter and a mean seed yield, and in cluster IV - a very high seed yield and a high yield of green matter.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov

Search and introduction of new potato varieties that can be recommended for cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic are especially important against the background of the average yield in the region of 12.1 t/ha, that is 6.7 t/ha lower than the average in Russia. In 2019-2020 on the basis of the A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there were tested potato varieties of the early maturing group – Armada, Meteor, Gulliver, Taifun and Krepysh (standard) and the mid-season group – Varyag, Vympel, Krasa Meshchery, Kumach, Fritella, Vychegodskii and Zyryanets (standard). From the early maturing group, the varieties Armada and Gulliver have been selected as giving a consistently high yield, which exceeded the standard by 6.8-7.1 t/ha on average for two years. Among mid-season varieties no one reliably exceeded the standard variety Zyryanets in terms of yield productivity. The highest yield and marketability was noted for the Fritella variety – 30.5 t/ha and 97 %. All the varieties under study, except for Vychegodskii, showed an average resistance of the tops to late blight damage. Moderate early blight damage of the tops (up to 20 % of the leaf surface) was noted in three varieties – Meteor, Taifun and Vychegodski. The following varieties showed high resistance to common scab - Vympel (no damage), Zyryanets (few lesions) and Gulliver (up to 10 % of tuber surface damage). In all studied varieties the potato tubers were not affected by late blight during both years of research. For cultivation, the agricultural producers of the Komi Republic should use the varieties Armada (29.7 t/ha), Gulliver (28.1 t/ha), Vympel (29.2 t/ha), Fritella (30.5 t/ha), which have good resistance to phytopathogens and high quality of tubers.


Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
V. V. Ochkurova

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of sowing methods on the formation of reproductive organs in a new early maturing variety of soybean Septemberbrinka, which is characterized by indeterminant type of growth, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases, lodging, forms 2-3 branches on the plant. The research was carried out on meadow chernozemic soil in the southern agricultural zone of the Amur region in order to establish the effect of the method of sowing on the processes of reproductive organs formation and seed yield. The variety was grown using the wide-row method of sowing at 45 cm and the row method at 15 cm, the repetition in the experiment was four times. On average for the two years of research the advantage showed the wide-row method of cultivation, in which the safety of plants for harvesting was higher by 7%, as with the row method of cultivation plants stretched and lodged, and the stem became thinner. The highest biological seed yield of 3.44 t/ha was obtained with the wide-row method of cultivation. The 15 cm rowing method reduced the seed yield to 2.5 t/ha. The high yield of seeds in the crops with a row spacing of 45 cm was provided by the highest number of formed flowers (182 pcs), bean ovaries (119 pcs) and beans (51 pcs), and low bean fall - 19.9 %, compared with 22.5 % for the row method of cultivation. As a result of the research coefficients of variation (CV) depending on the way of sowing were determined, which showed that in sowing with 45 cm row-spacing the degree of variation depending on the reproductive organ formed was 1.4-2.1 times lower in comparison with the sowing by the row method.


Author(s):  
Е. V. Gureeva

The results of research conducted in 2015-2019 in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone to identify the dependence of economically valuable traits of soybean varieties on the meteorological conditions of the Ryazan region are presented. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. Reaction of the soil solution-phsol. - 5,2; humus content 5,8 %. Mobile phosphorus content – 191.4 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium content-108.5 mg / kg of soil; nitrate nitrogen-8.4 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen-1.57 mg/kg. The object of the research were varieties of soybean breeding, FEDERAL state scientific institution "Ryazan research Institute of agriculture" - Mahewa, George, Whale, Light. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops and the methodology of field experience. To characterize the climatic conditions, we used an integrated indicator – Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (GTC). It was found that the duration of the growing season of early — maturing varieties depends more on the weather conditions in july, early-maturing varieties-on the conditions in august. The height of the plant is affected by weather conditions in june, and the weight of 1000 seeds – in july. The yield of soybeans largely depends on the climatic conditions during the main stages of development of the crop. The average yield over the years of the study for varieties was in the range from 1.37 to 1.79 t/ha. The highest yield was recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the GTC close to 1, the lowest yield for varieties was obtained in 2018 with the GTC=0.6. A significant relationship was found between seed yield, seed weight from the plant and the GTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean seed yield by 67% is associated with the action of the studied factors (R2=0.67).


2022 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Ш.Р. Арипова ◽  
С.И. Дусмуратова

Изучение кабачка (Cucurbita pepo var. giraumontia) в природно-климатических условиях Узбекистана и совершенствование технологии выращивания семенных плодов – важное направление селекционной работы по обогащению сортимента овощных культур и организации семеноводства этой культуры. Цель исследований: установить оптимальные сроки высева семян и посадки рассады перспективной линии короткоплетистой формы кабачка LZ-2513 при весеннем сроке выращивания на семенные цели. Исследования проводили в 2016 и 2019 годах на экспериментальном участке Научно-исследовательского института овощебахчевых культур и картофеля Республики Узбекистан (Ташкентский район Ташкентской области). Климат региона схож с условиями большинства овощеводческих хозяйств, расположенных в равнинной центральной части Узбекистана. Почвы опытного участка – типичные суглинки, окультуренные, влагоемкие, глубина залегания грунтовых вод – более 6–7 м, количество гумуса в почве – 0,641–0,943%, азота – 0,072–0,121%, фосфора – 0,130–0,171% и калия – 1,627–2,206%. Погодные условия 2016 и 2019 годов были благоприятными для роста и развития кабачка, за исключением засушливого июля и августа, в течение которых недостаток влаги компенсировали поливами. Испытаны четыре весенних срока посева и посадки рассады (в 2016 году – 3 апреля, 12 апреля, 20 апреля и 1 мая; в 2019 году – 1 апреля, 10 апреля, 21 апреля и 30 апреля). Делянки двухрядковые, длиной 10 м, схема размещения (140+70)/2×50 см. Площадь учетной делянки 21,0 м2. На каждой делянке размещались по 40 растений, повторность опыта четырехкратная. Установлено, что в условиях Ташкентской области Узбекистана наибольший выход семян из плодов у линии LZ-2513 был при выращивании кабачка рассадным способом в первой декаде апреля (в начале I и II декады апреля), а при безрассадной культуре – при посеве семян в начале апреля, что связано с наиболее благоприятными температурными условиями для культуры кабачка. The study of squash (Cucurbita pepo var. giraumontia) in the natural and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and the improvement of the technology of growing seed fruits is an important direction of breeding work is to enrich the assortment of vegetable crops and the organization of seed production of this crop. The purpose of the research: to establish the optimal timing of sowing seeds and planting seedlings of a promising line of short-leafed squash LZ-2513 at the spring period of cultivation for seed purposes. The research was carried out in 2016 and 2019 at the experimental site of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable and melon crops and Potato of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Tashkent district of the Tashkent region). The climate of the region is similar to the conditions of most vegetable farms located in the flat central part of Uzbekistan. The soils of the experimental site are typical loams, cultivated, moisture-intensive, the depth of groundwater is more than 6–7 meters, the amount of humus in the soil is 0.641–0.943%, nitrogen – 0.072–0.121%, phosphorus – 0.130–0.171% and potassium – 1.627–2.206%. Weather conditions in 2016 and 2019 were favorable for the growth and development of squash, with the exception of dry July and August, during which the lack of moisture was compensated by watering. 4 spring sowing and planting dates have been tested (in 2016 – April 3, April 12, April 20 and May 1; in 2019 – April 1, April 10, April 21 and April 30). Two-row plots, 10 m long, layout (140+70)/2×50 cm. The area of the accounting plot is 21.0 m2. 40 plants were placed on each plot, the repetition of the experiment was fourfold. It was found that in the conditions of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan, the highest yield of seeds from fruits of the LZ-2513 line was established when squash was grown by seedling method in the first decade of April (at the beginning of the first and second decade of April), and with seedless culture – when sowing seeds in early April, which is associated with the most favorable temperature conditions for squash culture.


Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willeke Leijten ◽  
Ronald Koes ◽  
Ilja Roobeek ◽  
Giovanna Frugis

Flowering and seed set are essential for plant species to survive, hence plants need to adapt to highly variable environments to flower in the most favorable conditions. Endogenous cues such as plant age and hormones coordinate with the environmental cues like temperature and day length to determine optimal time for the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In a breeding context, controlling flowering time would help to speed up the production of new hybrids and produce high yield throughout the year. The flowering time genetic network is extensively studied in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana, however this knowledge is still limited in most crops. This article reviews evidence of conservation and divergence of flowering time regulation in A. thaliana with its related crop species in the Brassicaceae and with more distant vegetable crops within the Asteraceae family. Despite the overall conservation of most flowering time pathways in these families, many genes controlling this trait remain elusive, and the function of most Arabidopsis homologs in these crops are yet to be determined. However, the knowledge gathered so far in both model and crop species can be already exploited in vegetable crop breeding for flowering time control.


Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Hasan Koç

This research was carried out to determine genotype-by-environment interaction of safflower genotypes tested from 2014 to 2017. Konya, where the research was carried out, is the location with the most irregular and the lowest precipitation in Turkey. In this research, the variance analysis over years and genotypes showed that the main effects on genotypes made by year and genotype-by-year interaction were statistically significant (p<0.01) for all characteristics examined. The climatic conditions, especially the amount and distribution of precipitation, over the years allowed genotypes to perform substantially differently in seed yield and oil content of safflower genotypes. The biplot analysis provided significant advantages in identifying the promising genotypes. The genotypes showed similar patterns of performance across the years, while the amount and distribution of precipitation showed similar patterns. The experimental results revealed that the desired genotypes in terms of both stability and high yield, such as G?kt?rk, G7, and Din?er, G5 and G9 and oil content, such as G?kt?rk, Balc?, and Linas, existed. In comparison to oil content, seed yield was more sensitive to environmental factors.


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