Characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Skin Infections of Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hridya Susan Varughese ◽  
Murugesan Ananda Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type V

Background: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a part of the canine skin microflora and an opportunistic pathogen. It plays a central role in canine pyoderma, otitis and surgical wound infections. These conditions correlate with virulence genes distributed in the bacterial genome. These genes determine strain variability on typing, in turn aiding epidemiological surveillance. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) from dogs with skin infections in Chennai, India. Methods: SP and MRSP positive isolates were identified by multiplex PCR for nuc and mecA genes respectively. Characterization of the isolates for virulence genes responsible for biofilm formation (icaA, icaD), cell wall adherence (SpsO, SpsK, SpsP, SpsQ, SpsF), toxins (ExpA, ExpB, SIET, Sel, Se-int, LukS, LukF) and gene regulation (Agr, SarA) was performed. Result: Out of 275 samples, 120 SP and 8 MRSP positive isolates were identified. Only one isolate could be typed as SCCmec Type V whereas other MRSP isolates were non typeable. Agr typing of MRSP isolates revealed type II in 7 isolates and type III in one isolate. Our study revealed that there was no significant difference in the detection of virulence genes between MSSP and MRSP.

scholarly journals Autotransporters drive biofilm formation and auto-aggregation in the diderm Firmicute Veillonella parvula

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Béchon ◽  
Alicia Jiménez-Fernández ◽  
Jerzy Witwinowski ◽  
Emilie Bierque ◽  
Najwa Taib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Type V ◽  
Functional Analyses

ABSTRACTThe Negativicutes are a clade of Firmicutes that have retained the ancestral diderm character and possess an outer membrane. One of the best studied Negativicute, Veillonella parvula, is an anaerobic commensal and opportunistic pathogen inhabiting complex human microbial communities, including the gut and the dental plaque microbiota. Whereas adhesion and biofilm capacity of V. parvula is expected to be crucial for its maintenance and development in these environments, studies of V. parvula adhesion have been hindered by the lack of efficient genetic tools to perform functional analyses in this bacterium. Here, we took advantage of a recently described naturally transformable V. parvula isolate, SKV38, and adapted tools developed for the closely related Clostridia spp. to perform random transposon and targeted mutagenesis to identify V. parvula genes involved in biofilm formation. We show that type V secreted autotransporters -typically found in diderm bacteria-are the main determinants of V. parvula auto-aggregation and biofilm formation, which compete with each other for binding either to cells or to surfaces, with strong consequences on V. parvula biofilm formation capacity. We also show that inactivation of the gene coding for a poorly characterized metal-dependent phosphohydrolase HD domain protein conserved in the Firmicutes and their closely related diderm phyla inhibits autotransporter-mediated biofilm formation. This study paves the way for further molecular characterization of V. parvula interactions with other bacteria and the host within complex microbiota environments.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity of a black currant oil based shampoo versus a chlorhexidine 4% shampoo on bacteria strains isolated from canine pyoderma: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 014-017
Author(s):  
Corona Antonio ◽  
Persico Paola ◽  
Vercelli Antonella ◽  
Gramenzi Alessandro ◽  
Cornegliani Luisa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Significant Difference

Over the last few years, antimicrobial shampoo therapy has been increasingly used to treat skin infections in order to reduce systemic use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to compare the In vitro bactericidal effect of a black currant oil based shampoo (S1) to a chlorhexidine 4% shampoo (S2) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolates. A collection of 50 bacterial strains from skin swabs of dogs with superficial recurrent pyoderma was selected: 10 MSSP, 10 MRSP, 10 SA, 10 EC and 10 PA. The two shampoos were blindly tested in duplicate with a microdilution plate method, with scalar concentrations from 1:2 to 1: 256. The MBC was performed for each dilution. A linear regression was used to detect a statistically significance between the two shampoos. All isolates were completely killed at 1:2 up to 1:16 dilution of the two antiseptic products. At the 1:32 dilution the first bacterial growths were observed, in particular for 2 and 4 strains of MRSP by S1 and S2 respectively. The first lethal dilution for SA was at 1:64 for S1/S2 and only for S2 against SP. No significant difference was observed between the two shampoos according to the results of linear regression significant for: i) MRSP, PA and EC (p < 0.05); ii) MSSP and SA (p < 0.1). This study showed that both black currant oil based shampoo and chlorhexidine 4% shampoo have a similar In vitro bactericidal activity.

scholarly journals Characterization of Clinical Escherichia coli Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Xiangning Bai ◽  
Flemming Scheutz ◽  
Henrik Mellström Dahlgren ◽  
Ingela Hedenström ◽  
Cecilia Jernberg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2 ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Macrolide Resistance Gene

Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in the Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with potential life-threatening complications. There are two major types of Stx: Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in E. coli, varying in sequences, toxicity and host specificity. Here, we report a novel Stx2 subtype (designated Stx2m) from three clinical E. coli strains isolated from diarrheal patients and asymptomatic carriers in Sweden and Denmark. The Stx2m toxin was functional and exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro. The two Swedish Stx2m-producing strains belonged to the same serotype O148:H39 and Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST) Sequence Type (ST) 5825, while the Danish strain belonged to the O96:H19 serotype and ST99 type. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data analysis revealed that the three Stx2m-producing strains harbored additional virulence genes and the macrolide resistance gene mdf (A). Our findings expand the pool of Stx2 subtypes and highlight the clinical significance of emerging STEC variants. Given the clinical relevance of the Stx2m-producing strains, we propose to include Stx2m in epidemiological surveillance of STEC infections and clinical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variant (SCV) Clinical Isolates in Zaria, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R. O. Ikala ◽  
B. O. Olayinka ◽  
E. E. Ebah
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Colony

Staphylococcal isolates from specimen submitted to the Medical Microbiology laboratory of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria were collected over a period of 6 months (February-July 2012), characterized by microbiological standard procedures and the S. aureus small colony variant (SCV) isolates were isolated. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer-CLSI modified disc agar diffusion (DAD) technique. The SCV isolates were assessed for the carriage of four virulence genes; sdrE (putative adhesin) icaA (intracellular adhesin) hlg (hemolysin), Cna (collagen adhesin). A total of 258 non-duplicate staphylococcal isolates made up of 219 (84%) S. aureus and 39 (15%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (coNS) where obtained. A total of 48 (22%) isolates were determined to be S. aureus SCV mainly from wound/abscess (31%). S. aureus SCV isolates were generally resistant to all the nine antibiotics tested with only minimal sensitivity to tigecyclin (10.4%) and ciprofloxacin (18.8%). Statistically, there was no significant difference between the microbial load and the different antibiotics that were used, (P ≥0.05). None of the S. aureus SCV isolates carried the four virulence genes which were tested in this study. The results have therefore proved that S. aureus small colony variant exist in our environment and they are more resistant to most antimicrobial agent than their wild type.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

scholarly journals The SCCmec Types and Antimicrobial Resistance among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Dogs with Superficial Pyoderma

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Yuttana Chanayat ◽  
Areerath Akatvipat ◽  
Jeff B. Bender ◽  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Tongkorn Meeyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

This study characterizes clinical methicillin-resistant staphylococcal (MRS) isolates obtained from superficial pyoderma infections in dogs. Our interest was to determine the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type and the antimicrobial susceptibility among MRS isolates from clinical cases. Skin swabs were collected and cultured. Staphylococcus species were identified and characterized with biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF-MS and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion. mecA detection and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing were achieved by PCR. Of the 65 clinical samples, 56 (86.2%) staphylococcal infections were identified. Twelve (21%) of 56 isolates were MRS infections. All MRS isolates were multidrug resistant. The ccrC and class-C2 mec, which were SCCmec type V, were the most prevalent (66.7%) among the 12 MRS isolates. The predominant SCCmec type V was found in S. aureus, S. intermedius group, S. lentus, S. xylosus, and S. arlettae. Treatment failure is a concern with the emergence of highly resistant MRS in dogs associated with superficial pyoderma. The detection of type V SCCmec MRS has previously been reported among veterinarians and dog owners but not in Northern Thailand. These infections serve as a reminder to improve infection prevention and control measures including reducing environmental contamination and potential zoonotic exposures to MRS. In addition, educational awareness of these risks in small animal hospitals needs to be increased among veterinary hospital staff, clients, and patients.

scholarly journals A global non-invasive methodology for the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions using imaging, physiological and molecular tools

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Musse ◽  
G. Hajjar ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Billiot ◽  
G. Joly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Drought is a major consequence of global heating that has negative impacts on agriculture. Potato is a drought-sensitive crop; tuber growth and dry matter content may both be impacted. Moreover, water deficit can induce physiological disorders such as glassy tubers and internal rust spots. The response of potato plants to drought is complex and can be affected by cultivar type, climatic and soil conditions, and the point at which water stress occurs during growth. The characterization of adaptive responses in plants presents a major phenotyping challenge. There is therefore a demand for the development of non-invasive analytical techniques to improve phenotyping. Results This project aimed to take advantage of innovative approaches in MRI, phenotyping and molecular biology to evaluate the effects of water stress on potato plants during growth. Plants were cultivated in pots under different water conditions. A control group of plants were cultivated under optimal water uptake conditions. Other groups were cultivated under mild and severe water deficiency conditions (40 and 20% of field capacity, respectively) applied at different tuber growth phases (initiation, filling). Water stress was evaluated by monitoring soil water potential. Two fully-equipped imaging cabinets were set up to characterize plant morphology using high definition color cameras (top and side views) and to measure plant stress using RGB cameras. The response of potato plants to water stress depended on the intensity and duration of the stress. Three-dimensional morphological images of the underground organs of potato plants in pots were recorded using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. A significant difference in growth kinetics was observed at the early growth stages between the control and stressed plants. Quantitative PCR analysis was carried out at molecular level on the expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes. Variations in stress levels were seen to modulate ABA and drought-responsive ABA-dependent and ABA-independent genes. Conclusions This methodology, when applied to the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions, provides a quantitative analysis of leaves and tubers properties at microstructural and molecular levels. The approaches thus developed could therefore be effective in the multi-scale characterization of plant response to water stress, from organ development to gene expression.

scholarly journals Crystallization of Random Metallocene-Catalyzed Propylene-Based Copolymers with Ethylene and 1-Hexene on Rapid Cooling

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Daniela Mileva ◽  
Jingbo Wang ◽  
René Androsch ◽  
Katalee Jariyavidyanont ◽  
Markus Gahleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Metallocene Catalyst ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chip Calorimetry ◽  
High Cooling Rates ◽  
Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry

Propylene-based random copolymers with either ethylene or 1-hexene as comonomer, produced using a metallocene catalyst, were studied regarding their crystallization behaviors, with a focus on rapid cooling. To get an impression of processing effects, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used in addition to the characterization of the mechanical performance. When comparing the comonomer type and the relation to commercial grades based on Ziegler–Natta-type catalysts, both an interaction with the catalyst-related regio-defects and a significant difference between ethylene and 1-hexene was observed. A soluble-type nucleating agent was found to modify the behavior, but to an increasingly lesser degree at high cooling rates.

scholarly journals Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Type V ◽  
Sccmec Types

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Multidrug-Resistant Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) CC398 Isolated from Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Slaughtered for Human Consumption

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
Cândido Saraiva ◽  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Lígia Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Type V

Livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) is a zoonotic pathogen that has been reported in several animals, and it is often associated with clonal complex (CC) 398. We aimed to isolate MRSA from quails and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. One hundred swab samples were recovered from quails at the slaughterhouse. The swabs were inoculated onto CHROMagar™ MRSA agar plates for MRSA isolation. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes and virulence factors was investigated by PCR. All strains were typed by MLST, SCCmec-, spa- and agr-typing. From the 100 samples, 29 MRSA were isolated. All strains were resistant to penicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin and carried the blaZ, mecA, ermB and ermC genes. All strains, except one, showed resistance to tetracycline and harbored the tetM, tetK and tetL genes in different combinations. Twenty strains belonged to ST398 and SCCmec type V, and nine strains belonged to the new ST6831. Twenty-eight out of twenty-nine strains were ascribed to t011 and one to t108. As far as we know, this is the first report of MRSA from quails slaughtered for human consumption. Most strains belonged to ST398-t011, which is the most common LA-MRSA clone found in livestock in Europe.

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