scholarly journals SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Lila ◽  
V. A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Cost

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the most common pathologies of the modern society, yielding frequency only to diseases of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Given the fact that they are occurred in a young, working-age population, as well as people in older age groups, the treatment of these patients consumed large financial resources, which results in a high socio-economic importance of rheumatic diseases in general. The article focuses on the prevalence of these forms of pathology in Russia and several foreign countries, material costs of the medical care of such patients (including direct, indirect and additional costs), the change of these ratios in connection with the increased longevity of the population, and the emergence of new high-tech methods of treatment, which led in some cases to a significant rise in the cost of medical services. There are discussed measures to optimize the treatment of these pathologies based on pharmaco-economic aspects.

A Model for Priority Processing of Orders Based on Genetic Algorithm and Membership Function

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yuan Biao Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang Yu ◽  
Jian Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Apply Genetic ◽  
Np Hard Problem ◽  
Encoding Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Working Procedure

Order arrangement is always the headache thing for manufacturers even in this high-tech modern society. Hence, this paper manages to construct a nonlinear 0-1 programming mathematical model in search of optimal solution of minimizing the cost of default. And we make an attempt to apply Genetic Algorithm in accordance with this NP-hard problem. In designing the algorithm, we propose an encoding method based both on orders and working procedure, adopt Roulette Wheel method to select the next generation, and embed crossover and mutation to avoid the common defect of premature convergence. Noticing that firms would have various psychological preferences towards different orders, we introduce Membership Function to characterize the priority of orders by comprehensively concern processing complexity, urgency and revenue of orders.

Living Alone: Its Place in Household Formation and Change

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Chandler ◽  
Malcolm Williams ◽  
Moira Maconachie ◽  
Tracey Collett ◽  
Brian Dodgeon
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades there has been a significant rise in the numbers of people who live alone and it was predicted that by 2002 that a third of all households will be single-person households. The predicted increase has occurred with indications of continued growth in this type of living arrangement. Furthermore, although living alone remains common among older age groups, the largest growth has been within younger populations. This demographic trend has attracted speculation about the numbers of people who will experience solo living, the stability of living alone in people's biography, and the impact of gender differences in the likelihood and stability of living alone. To answers these questions, this paper uses longitudinally linked Census data from England and Wales to explore the household origins and household destinations of working age people who live alone. This longitudinal data derives from the 1971, 1981 and 1991 Censuses. The data from this analysis confirms other research demonstrating the increasingly numbers of non-retired people who live alone. Furthermore it demonstrates that once a person lives alone, they are more likely to continue to live in that household arrangement than any other and that the tendency to live alone and to continue to live alone is more likely amongst younger cohorts of people. It also demonstrates that the largest increase in living alone in amongst men, but that once women live alone they are more likely to continue to live alone. These findings have an important bearing on current debates about ‘individualisation’, the contemporary experience of family life, life course trajectories and the emergent life styles of younger populations.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HYDATIDIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE KARACHAY-CHERKESS REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolatchiev ◽  
Uzdenov ◽  
Nagorniy ◽  
Kostenich ◽  
Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
High Tech ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The North ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

Based on the results of retrospective epidemiological and epizootological studies, the epidemiological features of hydatidic echinococcosis in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic were determined. An assessment of the main factors of infection has been made and measures have been proposed to reduce the incidence of the population with this helmintosis.Echinococcosis in the structure of parasitic human invasions occupy a special place in connection with a long asymptomatic course, the development of formidable surgical complications, and frequent recurrences after surgical treatment. The social significance of echinococcosis is due to the primary lesion of people of working age, as well as the need for high-tech surgical interventions, long-term conservative therapy of inoperable forms of invasion, including with the aim of preventing relapse and treatment of residual forms. About 200 thousand new cases of human echinococcosis are diagnosed in the world every year. In the last 10 years, in the Russian Federation, the highest incidence rates of hydatid echinococcosis of people are recorded in the territories of the North Caucasus and Volga federal districts, annually exceeding the average federal level 2.4 –3.5 times. The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCR) is one of the most deprived regions of the Russian Federation with echinococcosis with formed stable endemic foci.

World experience in using the program-targeted planning methods for high-tech industry development

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Objectives

Subject. The article investigates the program-targeted planning methodology, which is implemented in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries, for high-tech industry development. Objectives. The aim is to identify the specifics of program-targeted planning for the development of high-tech industries, to shape programs and plans for innovative development in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of systems analysis, including the statistical and logical analysis. Results. I reviewed methods of program-targeted planning, implemented by the world’s leading countries (the Russian Federation, United States of America, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Japan, Canada), in the interests of the development of various high-tech sectors of the economy. The study established that the methodology of program-targeted management is an effective tool for resource allocation by various types of economic activities in accordance with national priorities. I developed proposals by priority areas for improving the methodology for program-targeted planning and management in the Russian Federation in modern economic conditions. Conclusions. The findings and presented proposals can be used to improve methods for program-targeted planning to develop high-tech sectors of the economy; to design various long-term programs and plans, reducing the risk of their implementation; to determine the ways and methods of sustainable socio-economic and innovative and technological development of the world's leading economies.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

scholarly journals Time Poverty and Parenthood: Who Has Time for College?

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110116
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Conway ◽  
Claire Wladis ◽  
Alyse C. Hachey
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Free Time ◽  
College Outcomes ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Student Parents ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Discretionary Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
The Cost

Student parents are among the least likely student groups to complete college. Regression models were run using 2003–2019 American Time Use Survey data to explore time poverty among college students. Results indicate that students with children under 13 years had significantly less discretionary time and free time, spent significantly less time on their education, enrolled part-time at significantly higher rates, and spent significantly more time studying while simultaneously caring for children, compared with students without children under 13 years. The strength of these relationships was strongest when children were younger. Parents with children under 6 years, and mothers of children of all age-groups, had significantly higher time poverty than other groups, yet spent significantly more time on education after controlling for discretionary time, at the cost of significantly less free time for themselves. Results suggest that improving college outcomes for student parents may require consideration of time poverty.

Poverty Relief Programs in Postcommunist Countries: A Case Study on the Albanian and Chinese Programs

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Cost

Social assistance is a cash transfer program targeting the poorest households. China has created the Dibao (DB), meaning minimum livelihood guarantee, the most extensive unconditional cash transfer program globally with over 70 million people covered, whereas in Albania, the Ndhime Ekonomike (NE) meaning financial help covers around 15% of the total working-age population. Both programs are means-tested, have strict requirements for eligibility, and have been enlarged and modified in time to improve targeting and tackling leakage. In this article, we will look at similarities and common issues first, and then calculate the cost of enlarging both programs to all working-age population with no means-testing. We argue that a UBI (universal basic income) can increase private expenditure in health and education while costing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in both countries’ rural areas. We will conclude by looking at how the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing developing countries toward a UBI by first adopting a temporary basic income (TBI).

scholarly journals AB0780 GENDER FEATURES OF VERIFICATION OF DIAGNOSIS UNDIFFERENTIATED ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1416.1-1416
Author(s):  
O. Malyshenko ◽  
M. Koroleva ◽  
M. Letaeva ◽  
J. Averkieva ◽  
T. Raskina
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Undifferentiated Arthritis ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Bone Tuberculosis ◽  
Gender Characteristics

Background:Undifferentiated arthritis (UDA) is an inflammatory arthritis that does not meet the criteria for any rheumatologic disease. Early verification of UDA is currently one of the main goals of modern rheumatology, since a diagnosis established at an early date allows determining a therapeutic strategy. The high social significance of arthritis lies in the predominant lesion of people of working age, the steady progression of the disease, early disability and a reduction in life expectancy.Objectives:To study the gender characteristics of verification of the diagnosis of undifferentiated arthritis.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 74 case histories of patients diagnosed with UDA was carried out. The study group consisted of 26 men and 48 women, mean age 50.6 ± 4.3 years. All patients underwent a comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination according to the standard of an articular syndrome of unclear genesis.Results:According to the data obtained, the duration of the articular syndrome averaged 2.53 ± 1.2 years. In 29 patients (21.6% of women and 17.6% of men), on average, after 1.72 ± 0.9 years, the diagnosis of NDA was clarified. Taking into account modern diagnostic criteria, the following diseases were verified: rheumatoid arthritis in 13.5% (12.2% in women and 1.3% in men), ankylosing spondylitis in 10.8% (2.7% in women and 8.1% in men). Osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and APS were diagnosed in 5.4%, 1.4% and 1.4% of women, and gouty arthritis, bone tuberculosis and HIV in 4.1%, 1.4% and 1.4% of men respectively. In 60.8% (43.2% in women and 17.6% in men), the etiology of arthritis was not verified.Conclusion:In a third of patients with UDA, diagnosis verification takes about 2 years on average. In more than half of patients, the diagnosis remains the same. According to the data obtained, rheumatoid arthritis was more often verified in women, while ankylosing spondylitis in men, which is consistent with statistical data.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Phase 1 and Phase 2 Studies of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A O-Specific Polysaccharide-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugates in Adults, Teenagers, and 2- to 4-Year-Old Children in Vietnam

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1529-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Y. Konadu ◽  
Feng-Ying C. Lin ◽  
Vô Anh Hó ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy ◽  
Phan Van Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) was activated with 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) and bound to tetanus toxoid (TT) with adipic acid dihydrazide as a linker (SPA-TT1) or directly (SPA-TT2). In mice, these two conjugates elicited high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum with bactericidal activity (E. Konadu, J. Shiloach, D. A. Bryla, J. B. Robbins, and S. C. Szu, Infect. Immun. 64:2709–2715, 1996). The safety and immunogenicity of the two conjugates were then evaluated sequentially in Vietnamese adults, teenagers, and 2- to 4-year-old children. None of the vaccinees experienced significant side effects, and all had preexisting LPS antibodies. At 4 weeks after injection, there were significant increases of the geometric mean IgG and IgM anti-LPS levels in the adults and teenagers: both conjugates elicited a greater than fourfold rise in the IgG anti-LPS level in serum in ≥80% of the volunteers. SPA-TT2 elicited slightly higher, though not statistically significantly, levels of IgG anti-LPS than did SPA-TT1 in these age groups. Accordingly, only SPA-TT2 was evaluated in the 2- to 4-year-old children. On a random basis, one or two injections were administered 6 weeks apart to the children. No significant side effects were observed, and the levels of preexisting anti-LPS in serum were similar in children of all ages. A significant rise in the IgG anti-LPS titer was elicited by the first injection (P = 0.0001); a second injection did not elicit a booster response. Representative sera from all groups had bactericidal activity that could be adsorbed by S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A LPS.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION ABOUT THEAVAILABILITY AND QUALITY OF THE DRUG SUPPLY SYSTEM IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
E.A. Telnova ◽  
A.V. Belova ◽  
A.A. Zagoruichenko
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Sociological Study

The article analyzes the results of monitoring the availability and quality of the drug supply system among the population of various age groups and financial situation. The purpose of this study is to study the satisfaction of citizens in the drug supply system in Russia and to build a medical and social portrait of the patient, which was developed based on the analysis of the results of a sociological survey conducted in dynamics for 2019-2021. In the course of the research, such methods as: sociological, study and generalization of experience, analytical, methods of descriptive statistics were used. The results of the sociological study indicate the need for additional work to improve the availability and quality of LLR and the level of awareness of patients about the system of drug reimbursement. The obtained data can be used for health management bodies at various hierarchical levels, confirm the special social significance of solving this problem and the need to introduce preventive measures to involve patients in healthy lifestyle, increase public confidence in domestic drugs.

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