scholarly journals Supply in the Russian labor market: gender aspect

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Evgeny Vinokurov ◽  
Natalia Vinokurova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Aspect

The article deals with the economic activity of the Russian population both in general and in the gender aspect. The main attention in the work is focused on the relationship between the economic activity of population and wages. The objectives of the work are, firstly, to identify differences in the behavior of men and women in the labor market in terms of economic activity, and, secondly, to test the hypothesis on the relationship between the economic activity of population and wages. The article provides an overview of the factors affecting the size of labor force and the level of participation in it, as well as statistical data reflecting male and female economic activity in modern Russia. Analysis of the labor activity dynamics leads to the conclusion that there are significant differences in male and female behavior in the labor market. The main cause of these differences is the traditional views of the population on the roles of men and women in society. Also the regression equations connecting the level of economic activity with the average real wage are determined both for the population of the Russian Federation as a whole, and for men and women separately. These equations can be considered as modified functions of the labor supply. Calculations have shown that, despite the general linear nature of the dependence of the economic activity level of population on real wages, its growth leads, ceteris paribus, to an accelerating increase in the activity of men and a slowing increase in the activity of women. The revealed low elasticity of labor supply functions indicates that any significant impact on the level of labor activity can only be provided by significant increase in real wages. First of all, the last statement applies to women.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

scholarly journals Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Norwegian Cancer Survivors: Gender-Specific Prevalence and Associations for Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnete E. Kristoffersen ◽  
Arne J. Norheim ◽  
Vinjar M. Fønnebø
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The associations for CAM use are only occasionally differentiated by gender in populations where both male and female cancer survivors occur. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CAM use in individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis and to investigate gender differences regard to factors associated with use. A total of 12982 men and women filled in a questionnaire with questions about life style and health issues. Eight hundred of those had a previous cancer diagnosis of whom 630 answered three questions concerning CAM use in the last 12 months. A total of 33.8% of all cancer survivors reported CAM use, 39.4% of the women and 27.9% of the men (). The relationship between the demographic variables and being a CAM user differed significantly between men and women with regard to age (), education (), and income (). Female CAM users were more likely to have a university degree than the nonusers, while male CAM users were more likely to have a lower income than the nonusers. According to this study, prevalence and factors associated with CAM use differ significantly between male and female survivors of cancer.

scholarly journals Evidence for dysanapsis using computed tomographic imaging of the airways in older ex-smokers

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1622-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. William Sheel ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette ◽  
Ren Yuan ◽  
Lukas Holy ◽  
John R. Mayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomographic Imaging ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airway Tree ◽  
Conducting Airways ◽  
The Relationship

We sought to determine the relationship between lung size and airway size in men and women of varying stature. We also asked if men and women matched for lung size would still have differences in airway size and if so where along the pulmonary airway tree would these differences exist. We used computed tomography to measure airway luminal areas of the large and central airways. We determined airway luminal areas in men ( n = 25) and women ( n = 25) who were matched for age, body mass index, smoking history, and pulmonary function and in a separate set of men ( n = 10) and women ( n = 11) who were matched for lung size. Men had greater values for the larger airways and many of the central airways. When male and female subjects were pooled there were significant associations between lung size and airway size. Within the male and female groups the magnitudes of these associations were decreased or nonsignificant. In males and females matched for lung size women had significantly smaller airway luminal areas. The larger conducting airways in females are significantly smaller than those of males even after controlling for lung size.

scholarly journals Gender differences in audio-vestibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092917
Author(s):  
Virginia Corazzi ◽  
Andrea Ciorba ◽  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Magdalena B Skarżyńska ◽  
Chiara Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
The Relationship

In the last years, the attention to the role of gender in physiopathology and pharmacology of diseases in several medical disciplines is rising; however, the data on the relationship between gender and audio-vestibular disorders are still inconclusive and sometimes confusing. With this letter to the editor, we would like to review the role of gender in audio-vestibular disorders. Literature data show that anatomic variances of the inner ear do exist in men and women and that the different physiology and/or hormonal influence between genders could produce different clinical outcome of routine audiological and vestibular tests. Beyond the epidemiological gender-related differences, the clinical data suggest that the gender has a potential role as an etiopathogenetic factor in audio-vestibular disorders and it is probably responsible for the different clinical features observed between male and female subjects.

scholarly journals Gender Features of Time Allocation, Gender Stereotypes and Labour Supply

Equilibrium ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Different Types

Securing the well-being, protection of human rights and equality on the ground of age, gender, race, nationality etc along with sustainable economic development becomes the most important goal for any country. Gender differences in labor market are a problem of many countries. Being a larger demographic group, women have played a vital role in employment and economic development. Despite longstanding striving for gender equality, the inequality manifests itself in labor markets around the world. There is no common opinion on the reasons of the existence of gender differences in economic literature. After decades of research most investigators would agree that there can be no single-factor explanation for gender inequality in the labor market. One of the conventional explanations of gender gap in employment sphere includes the differences in men’s and women’s preferences in working hours due their stereotypical roles in the private and public life. This paper is focused on the study of gender feature of time allocation and its impact on the labor supply by men and women. For this purpose, based on the different types of activity, particular: income getting or in­co­me increasing promote activity, non-monetary inco­me obtain activity, income-make activity, non-income-make activity, indirect-receipts activity, the author introduces the time allocation model which includes parameters such as working time, leisure, non-working time, using time, free time and time for satisfying an individual’s physiological needs. For the attribution of different types of practice to certain kinds of activity the “principle of dominant purpose of activity” was offered. According to given time allocation model, the  pattern of features of labor supply by men and women is offered in the paper.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level with Quality of Life and General Health among COVID-19 Recovered Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Azmodeh ◽  
Rastegar Hoseini ◽  
Ehsan Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
General Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: New coronavirus (COVID-19) has a major impact on the individual's physical activity level (PAL); The COVID-19 quarantine outbreak caused a decrease in the PAL. Accordingly, it might also affect the general health and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PAL with QoL and general health (GH) among COVID-19 recovered individuals (CRI).Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, using the multi-stage (Cluster) sampling techniques, 890 CRI (male (n = 438) and female (n = 452)) were volunteered from different COVID-19 testing centers in Kermanshah province. After filling out the consent form, the PAL, GH, and QoL questionnaires were completed and anthropometric parameters were measured. The PAL was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), GH was assessed using the GHQ questionnaire and the QoL was measured by the QoL questionnaire (short-form-SF-12). The independent t-test was used to compare the mean of variables between men and women and the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables using SPSS software version 24 at a significant level of (P≤0.05). Results: The findings of the present study showed that men and women with COVID-19 had inadequate PAL (876.11±40.23;739.08±27.02), insufficient GH (50.13±3.1; 54.15±4.28), and poor QoL (22.02±2.28; 19.23±1.87), respectively. The results also showed that men had significantly higher PAL (P=0.035), GH (P=0.047), and QoL (P=0.023) compared to women. Also, the results show that increasing the PAL improves GH and QoL. Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of COVID-19 and its negative impact on GH and QoL, maintaining adequate PAL can be considered as one of the effective strategies for improving physical and GH, and immune systems, by observing the hygiene protocol.

scholarly journals Standard and New Forms of Employment: Diversification of Opportunities in the Context of Digitalization and Globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
L. P. Huk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
National Labor Market

The article is aimed at examining the current trends in the formation of employment structure and the peculiarities of both the standard and the «new» models of labor to determine the risks and opportunities for using various forms of employment in Ukraine in the conditions of the crisis of instability. The factors of demand (regulation of employment, creation of conditions for the development of highly intellectual employment and individual economic activity, technological development, economic cycles, etc.) and supply (personal characteristics of employees: age, gender, education, level of qualification) are analyzed, which influence the choice of employment forms and determine their use in the national labor market. The peculiarities (employment mode, remuneration and qualifications of employed people, their socio-demographic characteristics) of certain forms of employment in Ukraine are disclosed on the basis of the analysis of microdata of a sample survey of the population on issues of economic activity. It is determined that in Ukraine the most common was a permanent form of employment, other more flexible or even precarious forms of employment developed and functioned along with it, the regularities of usnig them were determined by the interaction of factors of the labor supply and demand. The results of the research justify the existence of a link between the stability of the form of employment and the factors of the labor supply, which include age, gender and educational qualification level. It is proved that the achievement of competitiveness of the national labor market will be determined by the complex use of various forms of employment to balance the demand and supply of labor in the conditions of digitalization and globalization of the economy.

scholarly journals Women and Poverty in Industrialized Countries

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines empirically the relationship between gender and poverty in eleven industrialized countries that form part of the Luxembourg Income Study. For each of these countries, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty rates, based on a relative poverty line, are calculated separately for men and women. The overall poverty rate for adult men and women is decomposed into male and female poverty shares. These poverty shares are compared to the relative population shares of men and women. The main conclusion is that when the poverty experience of all women is compared to the poverty experience of all men, women are over-represented amongst the poor in some countries and under-represented amongst the poor in others. The latter part of this conclusion is in sharp disagreement with conventional views about the relationship between gender and poverty in industrialized countries.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF STATURE FROM CEPHALIC DIMENSIONS IN A NIGERIAN POPULATION. Estimación de la estatura por las dimensiones cefálicas en una población nigeriana

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ukoha U Ukoha ◽  
Kosisochukwu E Umeasalugo ◽  
Onochie O Udemezue ◽  
Lasbery A Asomugha
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Head Breadth ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Horizontal Head

Objetivos: El presente estudio trata de examinar la relación entre la estatura y dimensiones cefálicas en la etnia Igbo de Nigeria y proponer un modelo de regresión para estimar la estatura cuando las dimensiones cefálicas están disponibles. Materiales y Métodos: 500 sujetos (261 varones y 239 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 30 años, que vive en Nnewi, Nigeria, participaron en el estudio. La estatura y tres dimensiones cefálicas (longitud cabeza, amplitud cabeza y circunferencia de la cabeza horizontal) se tomaron de cada individuo. La estatura se tomó como la altura en posición de pie, y se midió (en centímetros) usando un metro de altura. La longitud de la cabeza fue tomada como la distancia occipito-frontal, y se midió (en centímetros) con un calibre deslizable Mitsutoyo.  El tamaño de la cabeza fue tomada como la distancia máxima biparietal, y se midió (en centímetros) usando un calibre deslizante Mitsutoyo. Se midió la circunferencia horizontal de la cabeza (la distancia desde la glabela alrededor del cráneo de nuevo a la glabela) (en centímetros) usando una cinta métrica. Principales Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una correlación significativa de las dimensiones cefálicas con estatura en las mujeres (p<0,01). Para los varones, la circunferencia horizontal y la longitud de la cabezal tuvieron correlación significativa con la talla (p<0,05), mientras que la amplitud cabeza se correlacionó de manera insignificante (p>0,05). Las ecuaciones de regresión también se formularon para estimar la estatura de dimensiones cefálicas para sujetos masculinos y femeninos. Conclusión: El estudio mostró que la circunferencia horizontal y la amplitud de la cabeza es mejor predictor de la estatura que la longitud cefálica, y que las dimensiones cefálicas se puede utilizar para estimar la estatura. Objectives: The present study sought to examine the relationship between stature and cephalic dimensions in the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria, and to propose a regression model for stature estimation when the cephalic dimensions are available. Materials and Methods: 500 subjects (261 males and 239 females) between the ages of 18 and 30, living in Nnewi, Nigeria, participated in the study. Stature and three cephalic dimensions (head length, head breadth and horizontal head circumference) were taken on each individual. Stature was taken as standing height, and was measured (in centimeters) using a height meter. Head length was taken as the occipito-frontal distance, and was measured (in centimeters) with Mitsutoyo sliding calipers. Head breadth was taken as the maximum biparietal distance, and was measured (in centimeters) using Mitsutoyo sliding calipers. Horizontal head circumference (the distance from the glabella around the cranium back to the glabella) was measured (in centimeters) using a metric tape. Main Results: The results showed significant correlation of cephalic dimensions with stature in the females (p<0.01). For the male subjects, horizontal head circumference and head length had significant correlation with stature (p<0.05) while head breadth was insignificantly correlated (p>0.05). Regression equations were also formulated for estimating stature from cephalic dimensions for the male and female subjects. Conclusion: The study showed that horizontal head circumference and head breadth were better predictors of stature than head length, and that the cephalic dimensions can be used to estimate stature.

Research of the Russian Labor Market and Peculiarities of Human Resources in the Period of Economic Restoration in a Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
D. Zaharov ◽  
YEkatyerina Kashtanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Further Development

This article examines the current state, operating conditions and forecasts for the development of the Russian labor market after the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The growth of the gross domestic product was revealed in July 2021, compared to July 2020. It was noted that the most important factor in the recovery and further development of economic activity in the first half of 2021 was the consumer demand of the population. General trends in the labor market are showing positive dynamics, and the process of increasing real wages has continued. The recovery processes brought workers' cash incomes closer to the indicators of 2019. It was noted that the development of the labor market in the near future will be based on the implementation in the Russian Federation of a state program called "Promotion of employment of the population", in addition, national projects have been developed: "Demography", "Small and medium-sized businesses and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative".

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