Interlinguistic function of neologisms

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 730-736
Author(s):  
Lin Ye
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Function System ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Tion System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language

The work attempts to consider a separate interlinguistic function in the language function system, which is focused on language contacts, resulting in interference of language systems. The lexical borrowing material in Russian language examines the types of language changes that are manifested in language interaction. It is found that the impact of one language system on another is largely manifested in one-directional language changes. The interlinguistic function of neologisms manifests itself in the form of convergence, reflecting the convergence of two or more linguistic facts. A number of borrowings from the English language with a combination of sounds [ДЖ], Japanese sounds (Ж and С) are considered to adapt foreign-language words to the articula-tion system of the Russian language. It is substantiated that modern language changes are due to the brought-up cultural determinism of borrowing, which makes it possible to consider language an element in the culture system, and the important factor is the understanding that language is not only a system of systems, but also a system of signs. The results of scientific and technological advances are contributed to the openness of the language function system and new functions.

Dynamics of Communication in the Sphere of Speech Etiquette

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
N. Basko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses the changes in communication that have occurred in the Russian speech etiquette, on the example of etiquette forms of greeting. Speech etiquette is the most important element of a communicative act. Compliance with the rules of speech etiquette largely ensures success in solving communicative problems. Based on the analysis of lexicographical sources and materials of modern Russian mass media, a shift in the use of greeting forms is noted. It is expressed in the transfer of old forms of greeting to a passive stock and the emergence and active use of new forms of greeting The author concludes that the dynamics of changes in speech forms of greeting reflects the general trends in the development of the Russian language at the present stage, such as a) the active neologization; b) the influence of the English language; c) the impact of computer technology on the language.

scholarly journals Lexical Borrowing in Tourism Terminology

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Yakubova Noira Et al.
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Russian Language

The article studied borrowing in replenishing the terminology fund of the tourism sector showed that it was most widely used in the Uzbek language, and most of the terms are borrowed from the English language, which can be attributed to the typological line of the Russian language. The predominance of English terms in Uzbek and Russian terminology is explained primarily by extralinguistic factors: the development of the tourism sector takes place with an orientation towards foreign experience, and tourism as a branch of the economy is highly developed in English-speaking countries, therefore the terms serving it are anglicisms that are most universal and meet the needs of this moment of development of the tourism industry.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS IN STUDYING OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PR-DISCOURSE

Yazykoznaniye ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
A.Yu. KHAKHALEVA
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Linguistic Pragmatics ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses the main approaches to studying the modern Russian-language PR-discourse that represents a relatively new and actively developing sphere of communication. First of all, the researchers of the Russian-language PR-discourse analyze its lexical composition. In particular, they consider the ways of adapting the English-language PR-terms that play an important role in reflecting new objects of extralinguistic reality. Moreover, the linguistic means of this type of discourse are studied from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics. The works in this area emphasize the importance of such way of speech impact as suggestion and the corresponding pragmatic methods that is determined by the manipulative character of the Russian-language PR-discourse. In the light of this peculiarity, the linguists are also interested in the process of mythologization that consists in distorting the connections between the objects of reality and is aimed at creating the positive image of the subject of PR-communication.

scholarly journals Armed conflicts as a source of new formations in the Russian language (on material of the armed conflict in Donbass)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language

The vocabulary of a language is a variable quantity, it is constantly changing, responding to the needs of life and reflecting its new realities. The events taking place in the South-East of Ukraine since March 2014 have significantly changed the usual picture of the world of the parties involved in this conflict, led to a new interpretation of reality, the emergence of new mental constructs, objectified in the language using a number of lexical innovations, most of which fall under the definition of „hate speech”. The purpose of this article is to try to examine the impact of the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine on the emergence of lexical innovations in the Russian language, to identify ways of forming new units and their main thematic clusters. The material for the work was neoplasms recorded in electronic Russian and Russian-speaking Ukrainian mass media, as well as selected from social networks and videos. The analysis showed that in the context of the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine, the characteristic manifestations of „hate speech” are mainly numerous new categories-labels with a pronounced conflict potential. The priority in this regard is offensive and derogatory nominations of representatives of the opposite camp, taking into account their worldview / ideological, national / ethnic, territorial / regional characteristics. The military jargon has also undergone a significant update, incorporating not only the reactualized slangisms of the era of the Afghan campaign of 1979-89, but also lexical innovations caused by the military and political realities of the current armed conflict in the Donbas. Neologisms are formed in accordance with the existing methods in the Russian language (word formation, semantic derivation, borrowing). At the same time, non-standard word-forming techniques are also used (language play, homophony, etc.).

scholarly journals Slovak thinking on audiovisual translation and the issue of the second-hand translation of Russian documentary films

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Historical Explanation ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Limited Diffusion

The paper, in its first part, outlines the Slovak research into audiovisual translation (AVT) from the 1950s up to the present, paying attention to the most important scholars as well as publications that helped to shape and establish the discipline within Slovak translation studies. It is based on the ongoing bibliographical research and the historical explanation mapping the development of AVT research in Slovakia by I. Tyšš – e.g. his publication Myslenie o audiovizuálnom preklade na Slovensku: 1952 – 2017 (Thinking on Audiovisual Translation in Slovakia: 1952 – 2017, 2018) – as well as on own findings covering the last two years. In more detail, the first part of the paper highlights that it was primarily thanks to a younger generation of translation studies scholars – especially E. Perez (née Janecová), L. Paulínyová (née Kozáková) and J. Želonka – that in 2012 the Slovak research into AVT finally became systematic. The second part of the paper is devoted to the phenomenon of the so-called second-hand translation of originally Russian audiovisual works that may be observed in Slovakia in recent years. The questionable nature of this phenomenon is stressed since the Russian language is not a language of limited diffusion and definitely not remote in relation to the Slovak cultural space. On the example of two documentary films – Под властью мусора (Held Captive by Rubbish, 2013) and Дух в движении (Spirit in Motion, 2015), the author discusses and analyses the problems that occur when translating originally Russian AV works into Slovak through the English language, i.e. the negative shifts resulting from mis-/overinterpretation of the source text, translation by omission, wrong order of dialogues, cultural specifics and incorrect transcription.

scholarly journals Training Foreign Students of Medical University for Medical Practice in Hospitals

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
О.Н. Маслова ◽  
О.В. Алексеева
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Foreign Student ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Language Program ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Russian Language

Скорость и качество овладения русским языком иностранными студентами, обучающимися в медицинских вузах России, во многом зависят от того, имеется ли у этих студентов возможность пройти предварительную языковую подготовку на подготовительном факультете. В условиях ее отсутствия студенты получают образование на языке-посреднике, а русский язык становится факультативной дисциплиной, в результате чего погружение в русскую культуру, понимание правил невербальной коммуникации в русскоязычной среде, равно как и просто уверенное владение русским языком становятся уделом избранных лиц. Вместе с тем каждый иностранный студент должен проходить практику в русских медицинских учреждениях. В связи с этим перед преподавателем русского языка как иностранного встает несколько задач, к числу которых относится не только общеязыковая подготовка иностранных обучающихся к прохождению медицинской практики, но и речевая, культурологическая и психологическая. Успешной реализации поставленных задач может способствовать создание и использование на занятиях специального словаря-разговорника, который позволит студентам заблаговременно познакомиться с правилами поведения в больнице, освоить необходимый для практики лексический минимум, ввести в активный речевой оборот ряд фраз, актуальных в повседневном общении медперсонала с больными. В статье раскрывается и объясняется структура словаря, обозначены его задачи и целевая аудитория. The speed and the quality of mastering the Russian language by foreign students studying at medical universities in Russia largely depend on whether these students have the opportunity to take a preliminary year-long Russian language course at the preparatory division. If the students receive education in the English language, the Russian language program is reduced to an optional course, not sufficient to ensure understanding of Russian culture and rules of non-verbal communication in a Russian-speaking environment. However, every foreign student must undergo practical training in Russian medical institutions. In this case the Russian language teacher faces an almost insurmountable task of equipping students with the skills of communicating with Russian patients and colleagues and with sufficient cultural and psychological awareness for adequate verbal and non-verbal behavior in a hospital environment. The successful implementation of these tasks can be facilitated by developing and using a special vocabulary-phrase book at the lessons of the Russian language. This manual will allow students to get acquainted with the rules of behavior in the hospital in advance, master the lexical minimum necessary for practice and introduce a number of phrases that are relevant in everyday communication of medical staff with patients. The article reveals and explains the structure of the manual, identifies its objectives and target audience.

“II-composites” as an object of neology and neography of the XXI century

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
Sz. Janurik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

The article analyzes the contents and reflects the growth dynamics of a representative group which comprises compound neologisms with the first component stem II (ИИ) (a Russian abbreviation for “artificial intelligence”). It is the process of language integration that plays a significant role in the formation of compound nouns with the first component stem II: the currently widespread functioning of the above-mentioned pattern as well as of similar patterns results from the impact the analytism makes upon the vocabulary and grammar of the Russian language. The research based on the analysis of the data contained in the Russian National Corpus and the “Integrum” mass media database has proved that the component stem II belongs to the most productive formants in the Russian language of the 2010s. The article displays the main tendencies in the formation of lexical paradigms of the “II-compounds” in the modern Russian language. Of special significance in a quantitative sense is the hypernym-hyponym composition of nouns containing a seme “the ability to perform the functions which have traditionally been considered a human’s prerogative”: II-advokat (artificial intelligence (AI) barrister), II-dermatolog (artificial intelligence dermatologist), II-sekretar’ (artificial intelligence secretary), II-yurist (artificial intelligence lawyer). The article also mentions the process of discourse transition of scientific terms with the first component stem II into the modern newspaper and magazine publicism. On the basis of the expert sampling analysis a conclusion is drawn in the article about the heterogeneity of the formant II and the principles of its lexicographic description are outlined which are going to be represented in the publication of annual neological dictionaries “Lexical innovations in the Russian language” recommenced at the department of Modern Russian Lexicography at the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS.

scholarly journals The features of the modern language trilingual’s policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan under conditions of modernization of public consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
S.K. Zhalmagambetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Language

The article analyzes the features of the modern language trilingual’s policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan under conditions of modernization of public consciousness. The author studies cause and effect relationships of the occurrence of this phenomenon in the state, assesses the prospects for its development, identifies the difficulties faced by the Kazakhstan’s society on the path to introducing trilingual’s, and shows the current development priorities of the linguistic personality of the most developed countries of the world. Nowadays many difficulties arise in the way of ensuring a new language policy in Kazakhstan, caused by the fact that the Kazakh language lacks many scientific terms and concepts. Their use in the state has always been provided by the Russian language. At the same time, a number of scholars evaluate the transition to the Latin alphabet as a destructive phenomenon in language policy that can harm the Kazakh language and national culture. At the same time, experts offer acceptable options for solving emerging problems and

scholarly journals Deviations from the Speech Standard in the Regional Version of Oral Russian Speech: Intralingual and Interlingual Interactions

Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Z.I. Rezanova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Dybo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Substrate Influence

The problem of the speech norm and deviations from it in various forms of communication will never lose its relevance. Firstly, linguistic rationing is included in the sphere of state regulation aimed at stabilizing it, and, secondly, variation in the norm is an inevitable consequence of the impact of a dynamically developing speech pattern. The article discusses the problem of the multiple of factors that cause deviations from the speech norm (standard) and their mutual influences. The attention primarily focuses on the interaction of interlingual interference and internal trends in the development of language in its various forms. The problem is considered on the example of deviations from the speech standard in case forms in the regional version of the Russian language – in the spoken language of Shor-Russian bilinguals. The variability of the case forms is caused by the wide spread of bilingualism in the region and the substrate influence of the mother languages on the speech practices of bilinguals speaking Russian. The analysis model presented in the article can be applied to other linguistic contacts and intra-lingual interactions. The source of the material is the Shor subcorpus of the Corpus of Russian oral speech of Turkic-Russian bilinguals (RuTuBic). The corpus includes morphological annotation, common for linguistically marked corpuses, as well as marking of deviations from the speech standard. The model was tested on the material of interview records of 11 respondents (15 hours). The main sources of deviations from the speech standard are the interference of the Shor language, the dialectal influence of Siberian Russian dialects, structures of colloquial speech, active tendencies of Russian grammar, and discursive and genre features of speech.

scholarly journals THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF THE PROMINENT ESTONIAN LINGUIST MATI HINT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Szilárd Tibor Tóth
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Estonian Language ◽  
The University ◽  
The Russian Language

The scientific views of the famous Estonian linguist, public figure and politician, legendary professor of the University of Tallinn, Mati Hint (1937-2019), cover a wide range of Estonian philology, from phonetics to linguistic politics and the research of linguistic landscape. The number of his scientific works is well over 300. Mati Hint was characterized by a constant opposition to the mainstream. He popularized the South Estonian Tartu literary language, which had become extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, by publishing several scientific articles on this subject. Hint provided an innovative description of the phonological system, morphophonology and the grade alternation of the Estonian language. According to his concept, in the Estonian language, three longitudes of phonemes cannot be distinguished. Three longitudes can have a syllable. Thus, Estonian is not an unique language that differs from all other languages of the world, but on the contrary, it fits perfectly into all languages of the world. In many works he explains the problems of contacts between the Estonian and the Russian languages. Hint indicates the consequences of bilingualism, which may result in semilingualism, and in extreme cases in a language shift. A large language can be pidginized and creolized. According to the current period, professor Hint attributed to the English language similar roles in relation to Estonian, which he attributed to the Russian language during Perestroika.

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