scholarly journals Perbedaan Efektivitas Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Dibanding NaOCl 2,5% Terhadap Enterococcus Faecalis (The Difference of Antibacterial Effectiveness of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Than NaOCl 2,5% Against Enterococcus Faecalis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Setian Fitri Sayekti ◽  
Agus Subiwahyudi ◽  
Edhie Arif Prasetyo

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is often found in persistent endodontic infection. Its high prevalence, about 24-77%, is due to resistance and virulence of these bacteria. NaOCl is commonly use as irrigation material, but it has toxicity effect and can irritate periapical tissues. Therefore, some studies to find natural materials that have antibacterial properties as an alternative root canal medicament need to be done. Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss), also known as wonder tree for centuries has antibacterial properties, proven in the preliminary study which has been done that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) is 65% and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) is 70%. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of the Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) than NaOCl 2,5% against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. This study is an experimental labolatory with post test only control group design usingEnterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of 65% Neem leaf ectract, 70% Neem leaf ectract and NaOCl 2,5% by measuring the inhibition zone diameter of each treatment.Result. Diameter of bacterial inhibition zone formed Neem leaf extract is greater than NaOCl 2,5%. Conclusion. The antibacterial activity of Neem extract is greater than NaOCl 2,5% against Enterococcus faecalis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asarizka Bena ◽  
Agus Subiwahjudi ◽  
Setyabudi Setyabudi

Background. About 24-77% of root canal treatment failure cases are caused by infection of Enterococcus faecalis due to the resistance factor and virulence of these bacteria. Calcium hydroxide-based sealer and resin-based sealer are two types of sealer often used for root canal obturation due to their antibacterial properties. But the antibacterial properties owned by calcium hydroxide-based sealer has no effect on Enterococcus faecalis. Therefore, the adjunct of local antimicrobial such as amoxicillin is needed to increase antibacterial activities of root canal obturation materials (sealers) especially for calcium hydroxide-based sealer. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin and resin-based sealer-amoxicillin against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. This study is an experimental laboratory with post test only control group design using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin and resin-based sealer-amoxicillin. by measuring the inhibition zone diameter of each treatment. Results. Resin-based sealer-amoxicillin’s diameter of zone inhibition is 37,3 mm and calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin’s diameter is 18,7 mm. Conclusion. Antibacterial activity of resin-based sealer-amoxicillin is significantly greater than calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ranggi Hardian Nugro Astuti ◽  
Karlina Samadi ◽  
Eric Priyo Prasetyo

Background. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial infection caused the failure of root canal treatment between 24%-77%. This is due to various factors resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. This research to find alternative materials that have antibacterial properties and by utilizing natural ingredients that can later be used as a root canal irrigation. Antibacterial activity of the Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract that has antibacterial activity against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is a labolatory experimental with post test only control group design which use diluted Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according Mc. Farland standard 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml. With treatment Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract on concentration 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% given to each of 0,05 ml  Enterococcus faecalis and using Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) as planting media. Result. At the concentration 30% of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract, showed that colony’s growth less than 10%. At the concentration 35% was not revealed any bacterial growth. Conclusion. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract has antibacterial effect on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC was at 30% and MBC was at 35%.


Author(s):  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Siti Maghfirah ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on parasitemia of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) Aceh local isolate. A total of 24 male rats aged three months were used in this study and randomly divided into six treatment groups equally. The negative control group (K0) without T. evansi infection and neem leaf extract, the positive control group (K1) was infected with T. evansi but no neem leaf extract given, group K2, K3, K4, and K5 were infected with 5x104 T. evansi and were given neem leaf extract after patent infection with dose of 50, 100, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW respectively. The extract was given orally for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, rat blood was drawn for parasitemia examination. The results showed that no T. evansi detected in rats in negative control group (K0), while parasitemia in group K1; K2; K3; K4; and K5 was 12,295 x106/mL; 10,495 x106/mL; 9,360 x106/mL; 5,080x106/mL; and 2,398x106/mL of blood, respectively. Percentage of inhibition of parasitemia in K2, K3, K4, and K5 reached 14.64, 23.78, 58.68, and 80.50%, respectively. Based on the result of the study, neem leaf extract of 800 mg/kg BW gave the highest reduction of parasitemia in rats infected with T. evansi.


Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Esterlina Aldora Puluh ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edy ◽  
Jainer Pasca Siampa

Daun Alpukat memiliki kandungan antara lain saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, quersetin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun Alpukat dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% dan 0.3%. Ekstrak tanaman daun alpukat diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan diameter zona hambat 3 mm ± 0,32 dan kemampuan daya hambat dikategorikan lemah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi terbaik dari ekstrak etanol daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang diformulasikan sebagai sediaan masker gel peel off yaitu pada konsentrasi 0.3% dan dikategorikan kemampuan daya hambat lemahAvocado leaves contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quercetin which are as antibacterial properties. This study aims to obtain the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation based on antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. Avocado leaf extract peel off mask gel formula is made with a concentration variation of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% and 0.3%. Avocado leaf extract is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial testing with the largest inhibition zone diameter wells method is at a concentration of 0.3% with a diameter of inhibition zone 3 mm ± 0.32 and the ability of inhibition is categorized as weak. It can be concluded that the best concentration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) Which is formulated as a gel peel off mask preparation is at a concentration of 0.3% and categorized as weak inhibitory ability


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Riska Habriel Ruslie ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi ◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic or relapsing inflammation of the intestine which consists of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which plays important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is rich of azadiractoids which possesses anti-inflammatory activity. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of neem leaf extract on IL-10 expression and histological score in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis rats. METHODS: The first phase compared 7 DSS-induced colitis rats (case group) with seven healthy rats (control group). All of them were sacrificed. The second phase compared 28 DSS-induced colitis rats treated with mesalazine (Group I) and 56 rats treated with neem leaf extract (Groups II and III). Seven rats from each group were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Colon samples were harvested and underwent histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis to determine IL-10 expression and histological score. RESULTS: IL-10 expression and histological score were higher in case group compared to control group. There was similar IL-10 expression between Groups I and II on day 28 while the similarity was observed since day 7 between Groups I and III. Mean histological score was higher in Group II compared to Group I and it was similar between Group I and Group III on days 21 and 28. CONCLUSION: Neem leaf extract increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine, in particular IL-10, and improved histological score in DSS-induced colitis rats.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311
Author(s):  
Myung-Jin Lee ◽  
Young-Bin Seo ◽  
Ji-Young Seo ◽  
Jeong-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Hyo-Ju Ahn ◽  
...  

Flowable resins used for dental restoration are subject to biofilm formation. Zinc has antibacterial properties. Thus, we prepared a zinc-doped phosphate-based glass (Zn-PBG) to dope a flowable resin and evaluated the antibacterial activity of the composite against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to extrapolate the preventative effect toward secondary caries. The composites were prepared having 0 (control), 1.9, 3.8, and 5.4 wt.% Zn-PBG. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, depth of cure, ion release, inhibition zone size, and number of colony-forming units were evaluated and analyzed using ANOVA. The flexural strength of the control was significantly higher than those of Zn-PBG samples (p < 0.05). However, all samples meet the International Standard, ISO 4049. The microhardness was not significantly different for the control group and 1.9 and 3.8 wt.% groups, but the 5.4 wt.% Zn-PBG group had a significantly lower microhardness (p < 0.05). Further, the composite resins increasingly released P, Ca, Na, and Zn ions with an increase in Zn-PBG content (p < 0.05). The colony-forming unit count revealed a significant reduction in S. mutans viability (p < 0.05) with increase in Zn-PBG content. Therefore, the addition of Zn-PBG to flowable composite resins enhances antibacterial activity and could aid the prevention of secondary caries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Siti Zamilatul Azkiyah

Antibiotics have a very important role in fighting bacterial infections in the body. However, the results given so far have not been optimal in overcoming the problem of bacterial infection. An alternative solution is to develop and study plants that have medicinal potential, for example thistle leaves (Calotrophis gigantean). The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of thistle leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research is a laboratory-scale experimental research that is to test the activity of thistle leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus including sample identification, extraction, activity testing by observing the inhibition zone of the two tested bacteria. Based on the results of the study stated that the ethanol extract of 70% Widuri leaves (Calotrophis gigantea) had antibacterial activity and could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The active compounds that are thought to have antibacterial properties in the ethanol extract of Widuri leaves (Calotrophis gigantea) are flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids.   Keywords: Widuri leaves, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial ABSTRAK   Pentingnya penanggulangan infeksi bakteri menggunakan antibiotik adalah hal yang lazim dalam terapi farmakologi. Dampak dari pemberian antibiotik masih belum maksimal dalam penanggulangannya terhadap infeksi bakteri. Pemilihan alternatif bahan alam dengan kandungan kimia yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibiotik dapat menjadi pilihan lain dalam mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik sintetik, misalnya tanaman widuri (Calotrophis gigantean). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun widuri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Desain penelitian meliputi identifikasi sampel, ekstraksi, hingga uji aktivitas dengan mengamati zona hambat dari kedua bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun Widuri memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Senyawa aktif yang diduga bersifat antibakteri pada ekstrak etanol daun Widuri adalah senyawa golongan flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata Kunci: Daun Widuri, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibakteri


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Agung Janika Sitasiwi ◽  
Sri Isdadiyanto ◽  
Siti Muflichatun Mardiati

Abstract              Azadirachta indica (Neem) has been shown to affect the fertility of mice by interfering with the synthesis of testosterone in mice. The aim of this study was to detect the testes protein expression of mice after exposure to the ethanolic Neem leaf extract. The laboratory animals of this study were 20 male Swiss Webster mice with three months in age and body weight ranging from 27.5 grams. The mice were divided into two treatment groups, namely K (control group, exposed with distilled water) and P (treatment group, exposed to etahnolic Neem leaf  extract with 14 mg/animal /day). The treated were given for 21 days and the testicular protein was carried out on the 22nd day. The variables observed were testes weight, concentration and expression of proteins isolated from the testes. The protein concentration is determined by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450nm. The protein expression was observed and determined based on the results of protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that protein expression in the treatment group has a lower concentration compared to the control group. Those results  was confirmed by thinner bands in SDS-PAGE result. Those proteins thought to be a fertility determinant in mammals. Keywords : anti-fertility; Neem; protein expression Abstrak  Azadirachta indica (Mimba) telah terbukti mempengaruhi fertilitas mencit dengan cara mengganggu sintesis hormon testoteron pada mencit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melacak ekspresi protein pada testis mencit setelah paparan ekstrak etanol daun Mimba. Hewan uji penelitian ini adalah 20 ekor mencit Swiss Webster jantan dengan umur tiga bulan dan bobot badan berkisar 27.5 gram. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu K (kelompok kontrol, dipapar akuades) dan  P (kelompok perlakuan, dipapar dengan ekstrak etanol daun Mimba dengan dosis 14 mg/ekor/hari). Pemberian bahan uji dilakukan  secara oral selama 21 hari. Variabel yang diamati adalah bobot testes, konsentrasi serta eskpresi protein yang diisolasi dari testis. Isolasi protein testis dilakukan pada hari ke-22. Konsentrasi protein ditentukan dengan spectrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 450nm. Ekspresi protein diamati dan ditentukan berdasar hasil elektroforesa protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi protein pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan konsentrasi yang lebih rendah dengan pita yang lebih tipis jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah paparan ekstrak etanol daun Nimba menyebabkan gangguan ekspresi protein yang diduga berperan dalam menentukan fertilitas mamalia. Kata kunci : Mimba; anti-fertilitas; eskpresi protein;   


2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustafa

ABSTRACT Introduction Debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of endodontic treatment. Several antimicrobial agents alone or in combination are used to achieve this. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Neem leaf extract, 2% chlorhexidine, 3% sodium hypochlorite were used to assess the antimicrobial efficiency. Agar well diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial efficacy with saline as control. The zone of inhibition was recorded, tabulated, and analyzed statistically with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics version 20 using analysis of variance test. Results All the three medicaments showed well-defined and comparable zones of inhibition around their respective wells. All values were significantly higher than the control group. Analysis of variance showed significant difference between zone diameters of chlorhexidine, neem leaf extract, and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis (p < 0.05). Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that neem leaf extract shows comparable zones of inhibition with that of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. Clinical significance Neem leaf extract has significant antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and thus opens the perspectives for the use of neem extract as an intracanal medication. How to cite this article Mustafa M. Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):791-794.


PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Esterlina A. Puluh ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa

ABSTRACT Avocado leaves contain the compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and quercetin which are as antibacterial properties. This study aims to obtain the best concentration of the formula of peel off gel mask preparation of avocado leaf ethanol extract (Persea americana Mill.) Based on antibacterial activity test and prove the quality preparation based on the test parameters of physical properties, physical stability and sterility.This study used a laboratory experimental methods, the formula for the preparation of avocado leaf extract peel off gel mask was made with a concentration variation of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% and 0.3%. Avocado leaf extract is obtained by maceration using 96% of ethanol solvent. The largest diameter of inhibition zone of antibacterial testing with wells method is at a concentration of 0.3% with a diameter of the inhibition zone 3 mm ± 0.32 and the ability of inhibition is categorized as weak. The physical test and the stability of the preparation meet the evaluation parameters of the physical preparation before storage, but after storage the preparation does not meet the test requirements when drying. It can be concluded that the preparation of the extract of avocado leaf peel off gel mask meets the physical test parameters, is stable and has weak antibacterial activity. Keywords: Avocado Leaf (Persea americana Mill.), Peel off mask, Antibacterial, Sterility Test. ABSTRAK Daun Alpukat memiliki kandungan antara lain saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, quersetin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri serta membuktikan sediaan yang berkualitas berdasarkan parameter uji sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik dan sterilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium, formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun Alpukat dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,1%; 0,15%; 0,2%; 0,25% dan 0,3%. Ekstrak tanaman daun alpukat diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan diameter zona hambat 3 mm ± 0,32 dan kemampuan daya hambat dikategorikan lemah.  Pada uji fisik dan stabilitas sediaan memenuhi parameter evaluasi sediaan fisik sebelum penyimpanan, tapi setelah penyimpanan sediaan tidak memenuhi persyaratan uji waktu mengering. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak etanol daun alpukat memenuhi parameter uji fisik, stabil dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah. Kata kunci: Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.), Masker peel off, Antibakteri, Uji Sterilitas.


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