scholarly journals EFEK MIE PISANG DAN SUKUN TERHADAP GLUKOSA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA RESPONDEN BUKAN PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS (The Effect of Banana and Breadfruits Noodles on Glucose Levels of Non Diabetic Mellitus Respondents)

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Nursalam Nursalam ◽  
Rista Fauziningtyas ◽  
Candra Panji Asmoro ◽  
Kusnanto Kusnanto ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One ◽  
Group B ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRAK :Pendahuluan: Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap gaya hidup sehat menyebabkan perubahan pada pemilihan bahan makanan untuk dikonsumsi. Penambahan tepung Pisang dan Sukun meningkatkan kadar serat pada mie. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi tepung pengganti pada mie yang berefek pada peningkatan GDS paling rendah. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah control group pretest posttest design.  Sample didapatkan sebanyak 58 orang mahasiswa Fakultas Keperawatan Unair yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. 58 sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu mi A (kontrol), B (subtitusi 30%) dan C (subtitusi 20%). Pemeriksaan GDS dilakukan sebelum pemberian Mi dan 60 menit setelah pemberian mi. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah dengan ANOVA one way. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji ANOVA one way didapatkan p=0,000 (p<0,050) yang berarti ada perbedaan hasil pada ke tiga kelompok tersebut. Kenaikan tertinggi Nilai GDS adalah pada kelompok mi A dan terendah kelompok mi B.Diskusi: Penambahan tepung pisang dan sukun pada mie dapat menurunkan kenaikan nilai GDS responden bukan penderita DM. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan mi dengan tepung pisang dan sukun dan respon GDS pada penderita DM. Kata Kunci: Mi, Tepung, Pisang, Sukun, Gula Darah, Diabetes ABSTRACT :Introduction: Public awareness of healthy lifestyles cause a change in the selection of foodstuffs for consumption. Bananas and breadfruit flour additions increase the fiber content on the noodles. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of noodles flour substitute on the effect on an increase in the lowest Glucose levels. Methods: The research design was pretest posttest control group design. Sample obtained as many as 58 students of the Faculty of Nursing University of Airlangga who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 58 samples were divided into three groups, namely Noodles A (control), B (substitution 30%) and C (substitution 20%). Glucose levels examination carried out before eating noodles and 60 minutes after eat it. The data analysis of this study was the one-way ANOVA. Results: Based on the one-way ANOVA test was obtained p = 0.000 (p <0.050), which means no differences in outcomes in all three groups. The highest increasing of glucose levels is group A and the lowest in group B. Discussion: The addition of banana and breadfruit flour on the noodles can reduce the increase in the glucose levels after eat it. Further research needs to be done to determine the content of noodles with a banana and breadfruit flour and glucose’s responses in patients with diabetic mellitus. Keywords : Noodles, Flour, Banana, Breadfruit,Glucose, Diabetic Mellitus.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) Terhadap Profil Darah Ayam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Irkham Widiyono ◽  
Slamet Raharjo ◽  
Hary Purnamaningsih ◽  
Alfarisa Nururrozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract  Herbal preparations have started being used to support poultry health. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the effect of meniran and turmeric extracts as well as the combination of both on the blood profile (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma protein) of chickens. This study used 80 layer chickens (DOC), which were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C, and D, each group contain 20 chickens). Group A was the control, group B was treated with turmeric extract (100 mg/kg BW), group C was treated with meniran extract (100 mg/kg BW), and group D was treat with a combination of meniran and turmeric extracts (each dose 100 mg/kg BW). Treatment was given for 30 days. Blood samples were collected on the end period for examination. Statistical analysis of the data were done through the one-way ANOVA method. The results showed that the blood profiles (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and total plasma protein) with turmeric and meniran extract treatments were still within normal range and not significantly different from the control group (P> 0.05). Based on this research, it can be concluded that the treatment of extract turmeric and meniran or a mixture of both at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days does not affect the blood profile. Keywords: meniran, turmeric, blood profile, chicken   Abstrak Penggunaan sediaan herbal mulai banyak digunakan untuk mendukung kesehatan unggas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang pengaruh ekstrak kunyit dan meniran serta kombinasi kedua ekstrak terhadap gambaran darah (hematokrit, eritrosit, hemoglobin, leukosit, dan total protein plasma) ayam. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 80 ekor day old chicken (DOC) layer, yang secara acak dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (A, B, C dan D, masing-masing kelompok 20 ekor). Kelompok A sebagai kontrol, kelompok B sebagai perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak kunyit (dosis 100 mg/kg berat badan), kelompok C diberi ekstrak  meniran (dosis 100 mg/kg BB), dan kelompok D diberi campuran ekstrak meniran dan kunyit (masing-masing dosis 100 mg/kg BB). Pemberian ekstrak kunyit dan meniran dilakukan selama 30 hari. Sampel dikoleksi pada akhir periode penelitian untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan darah. Analisis data secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA one way. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kunyit dan meniran tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai hematokrit, eritrosit, hemoglobin, leukosit, dan total protein plasma dibanding kontrol (P>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kunyit dan meniran maupun campuran keduanya dengan dosis 100mg/kg berat badan selama 30 hari tidak berpengaruh terhadap gambaran darah ayam.  Kata kunci: ayam; kunyit; meniran; profil darah

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHEWING MARSHMALLOW CONTAINING BETEL CHEW IN REDUCING STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND PLAQUE INDEX ON CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
RINDIT PAMBAYUN ◽  
ADE PUTRI ◽  
MEIDY TRI YUDA ◽  
SITI RUSDIANA PUSPA DEWI ◽  
TRI WARDANI WIDOWATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: Marshmallow is a soft candy loved by all levels of society, especially children. Sucrose contained in marshmallow increases the growth of Streptococcus mutans and plaque. Betel chew as Indonesian traditional plants add in marshmallow was believed to decrease S. mutans and plaque. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing marshmallow containing betel chew in reducing S. mutans and plaque index in children. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. It was conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Laboratory of Agricultural Technology Department, and Islamic School of Al-Amalul Khair. Thirty students were divided into two groups. Group A was chewing marshmallow without betel chew and Group B was chewing marshmallow containing betel chew. Results: The results showed that chewing marshmallow without betel chew increased the growth of S. mutans and plaque index significantly. Chewing marshmallow without betel chew inhibited the growth of S. mutans and dental plaque formation. Conclusion: Chewing marshmallow containing betel chew reduces S. mutans and plaque index on children.

scholarly journals Efek Seduhan Kopi Robusta terhadap Jumlah Limfosit pada Daerah Tarikan Ligamen Periodontal Gigi Marmut (Cavia Cobaya) yang Diinduksi Gaya Mekanis Ortodonti

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ginanjar Hidayatullah ◽  
Herniyati Herniyati ◽  
Leliana Sandra Deviade Putri
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Coffea Robusta

Malocclusion is an occlusion that deviates from the normal state, so it needs to be treated using an orthodontic device. The formation of new alveolar bone after obtaining an orthodontic force will be surrounded by osteoid bones are not stable enough (relapse). Robusta coffee (Coffea robusta) has flavonoids which can increase lymphocyte proliferation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of robusta coffee on the number of lymphocyte cells in the tension area of marmot’s (Cavia cobaya) periodontal ligament which induced by mechanical orthodontic forces. This type of research is laboratory experimental with the Post Test Only Control Group Design. The average number of lymphocyte cells in group A = 0.75, B = 1.45, C = 1.26, D = 1.54. One-way Anova test results showed that the number of lymphocyte cells in all groups showed a significant difference (p <0.05). The results of the post hoc LSD test showed that group A had significant differences with group B and group D (p <0.05). While group C did not have a significant difference with group A (p> 0.05). The conclusion obtained is that the provision of robusta coffee brew for 2 weeks can increase the number of lymphocyte cells in the tension area of marmot’s (Cavia cobaya) periodontal ligament which induced by orthodontic mechanical forces compared to without robusta coffee brew.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic effect of turmeric aqueous root extract and morphological changes in the pancreas of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Ogenyi ◽  
Ezinne Imoko ◽  
Anthony A. Ngokere ◽  
Amalachukwu O. Ike
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of turmeric and the histological changes in the pancreas of adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups of [A-D] ten rats per group. Group A was normal control, group B was diabetic control, group C was treated with 300mg/kg weight of extract and group D was 500mg/kg body weight. All animals had access to food and water ad libitum.  Aqueous extract of turmeric was administered orally, once daily for 14 days. The rats were then anaesthetized with dichloromethane before sacrifice and sample collection. Pancreatic tissues were processed, stained using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) method. Blood glucose estimation was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Results: The mean body weights of the rats across groups were not statistically significant. Similarly, blood glucose levels across groups revealed a progressive statistically significant increase from group A to D and from day one to day 17. Pairwise comparison of group A with B, C and D showed a statistically significant increase but a comparison of Group B with C and D were not significant. Discussion: There was progressive body weight increase of the rats from day one to the final day across all groups and reduction in the blood glucose levels of the animals treated with 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weights, after seven days of treatment, but these, progressively increased with time even with treatment. The overall pancreas features indicate moderate inflammatory changes. Keywords: turmeric, anti- hyperglycemia, alloxan, Wistar rats

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS EKSTRAK JAMBU BIJI (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. L) DAN TABLET Fe TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Yusnaini Yusnaini
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Laboratory Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc

According to the WHO 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries related to anemia in pregnancy and is most commonly caused by iron deficiency and acute bleeding, even less so the two interact. This study aims to determine the effect of doses of extracts of Guava (Psidium Guajava. L) and Tablet Fe to changes in hemoglobin levels in mice (Mus musculus). Type True Experimental studies in laboratory design nonrandomized design Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Samples were mice (Mus musculus) as many as 20 birds were divided into four groups with each group number as many as five tails. Group A was given a tablet Fe as much as 0.126 mg / kg / day, group B was given a tablet Fe as much as 0.126 mg / KgBW / day coupled with extracts of Guava as much as 10 mg / kg / day, group C was given tablets Fe as much as 0.126 mg / kg / day coupled with guava extract as much as 20 mg / kg / day, group D was given tablets as much as 0.126 mg Fe / KgBW / day plus guava extract as much as 30 mg / kg / day. The data collection was conducted from June 5 s / d July 20, 2015. Data were analyzed using Paired T-Test continued with Test and One Way ANOVA Post Hoc Test namely LSD test. Results showed that there was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels between the groups in which the value of P = 0634> 0.05.. Based on the results of this study concluded that there was no effect of dose of extract of guava (Psidium Guajava. L) and Tablet Fe to changes in hemoglobin levels in mice (Mus musculus), but the effect on the number of erythrocytes of mice (Mus musculus)

scholarly journals The Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) Roots Ethanol Extract Administration in Subchronic Dose

Molekul ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Fitranto Arjadi ◽  
Nur Signa Aini Gumilas ◽  
Ika Murti Harini ◽  
Vitasari Indriani ◽  
Lantip Rujito
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) is an original Indonesian herb which is known to have an aphrodisiac effect. The active compounds in Purwoceng potentially have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects.This study was aimed to analyze the effect of subchronic administration of Purwoceng roots ethanol extract to Wistar Strain of Rattus norvegicus rats. The method of this subchronic toxicity study was an experimental post test only with control group design. Forty male Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into four groups and get 28-days treatment. Group A as control received aquadest and 1% CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), group B, C, and D were given Purwoceng roots ethanol extract of 42, 84, and 168 mg/KgBW/day and 1% CMC. Parameters tested were the levels of urea, creatinine, SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase), SGOT(serum oxaloacetic pyruvic transaminase), kidney and hepar histopatology.The results showed a statistically significant for the liver histopathological in group B, creatinine, urea, and kidney histopathology  in group C. Our study concluded that subchronic administration of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk) roots ethanol extract could induce hepatotoxicity at the 42 mg/KgBW/day dose level and nephrotoxicity at the 84 mg/KgBW/day dose level.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells c-1 (NFATc-1) DAN OSTEOKALSIN PADA KERUSAKAN TULANG PERIAPIKAL AKIBAT INDUKSI BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Arindah Hadi ◽  
M. Roelianto ◽  
Ari Subiyanto ◽  
Tamara Yuanita
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. The main etiology of endodontic treatment failure is caused by bacteries that stay in the root canal. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. Bone destruction occurs due to the inflammation process that is mediated by immune system. The important cell in the process of bone destruction is osteoclast. Bone destruction is marked by the form of osteoclast that is called osteoclastogenesis. NFATc-1 and osteocalcin play important things in osteoclastogenesis. Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of NFATc-1 and osteocalcin during the periapical bone destruction due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 54 male rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups, which each main group had 3 subgroups. Group A (control) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHIb. Group A had 3 subgroups (A Control day 3, 10, and 21), group B : every tooth was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU), it was contained 3 sub groups (B day 3,10, and 21). The animals were sacrificed based on their days scheduled group and prepared for histological examination of periapical bone, then we did the immunohistochemistry followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of NFATc-1 and osteoclast increased significantly in group B when E.faecalis was induced. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of NFATc-1 and osteocalcin are increasing during the periapical bone destruction that induced by E.faecalis.

scholarly journals Examination of sheep in which injection of Yeldif® induced sudden death

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Uyar ◽  
Zabit Yener ◽  
Yildiray Basbugan ◽  
Omer Faruk Keleş ◽  
Turan Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One ◽  
Group B

Two breeders from the Başkale district of the Van province and the Hizan district of the Bitlis province reported deaths of their lambs one day after injection of a commercial preparation containing a combination of Se and Vit E (Yeldif®). Purulent-hemorrhagic-necrotic myositis was detected at the injection site during necropsy of the lambs (2 animals) brought to the Pathology Department of our Faculty by these breeders. This study was conducted to determine whether these post-injection deaths occurred as a result of the drug used or due to a faulty application of the medicine by the breeders. The trial period for this study was 1 week. Eighteen 2-month-old lambs were used in this study. The lambs were divided into three groups (control and 2 study groups) of 6 lambs each. An injection of 1 ml (recommended dose) of the product purchased in the market from the same batch as the one that had caused the deaths was administered I.M. to lambs in the control group. The medicine reported to have caused the deaths by the breeders was administered to the first study group (A) at 1 ml I.M. and to the second study group (B) at 3 ml I.M. (three times the recommended dose). The lambs were bled for biochemical analysis before the administration, on the first day after the administration, and at the end of the trial. Necropsies were performed on dead animals during the trial and on all animals at the end of the trial. At the end of the trial, no clinical-pathological findings were noted in lambs of the control group and group A. However, in all lambs of group B, emphysematous gangrene was detected at the injection site. Cl. chauvoei was isolated and identified in bacteriological and cultural examinations. It was concluded that bacterial contamination occurred as a result of incorrect drug administration by the breeders and injection of a high dose of the contaminated drug.

scholarly journals Time of Application of Sodium Ascorbate on Bonding to Bleached Dentin

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Hwa Jung ◽  
Eun-Mi Seon ◽  
An-Na Choi ◽  
Yong-Hoon Kwon ◽  
Sung-Ae Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Microtensile Bond Strength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
One Way Anova

This study examined the effects of different application times of sodium ascorbate (SA) on the bond strength of composite resin to bleached dentin. Specimens with an exposed dentin surface were divided into 3 groups according to the type of bleaching agent used: Group A, mixture of sodium perborate (SP) and distilled water (DW); Group B, mixture of SP and hydrogen peroxide (HP); control group, no bleaching. Each group was classified into 10 subgroups. Subgroups IB and DB underwent immediate bonding and delayed bonding, respectively. 10% SA was applied to 3, 5, 10, and 30 minutes and 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured after restoration, and the data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffé’s test. Before restoration, the dentin surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). SEM showed that most dentin surfaces were filled with crystals when SA was applied to more than 24 hours. EDS revealed peaks of calcium, carbon, oxygen, and sodium. The application of SA for 5 minutes to 48 hours or for 30 minutes to 24 hours is suggested when a mixture of SP and DW or HP is used, respectively.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI Interleukin-1 (IL-1) PADA PERIAPIKAL AKIBAT INDUKSI BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yuliana Dwiwahyu Suryandari ◽  
Ketut Suardita ◽  
M. Mudjiono ◽  
Tamara Yuanita
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Collagen Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. Root canal treatment is a main role in decreasing infection from root canal and pulp. The main cause of periapical damage mostly are bacteries. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation and destruction. It occurs due to the capability of IL-1. IL-1 is the proinflammation cytokine that is the key of host response bacteria invation and tissue damage. Also IL-1 could cause some indirectly tissue damage through the activation of MMPS. MMPs to stop the collagen formation. Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of IL- 1 during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 54 male rats were randomly divided into 2 main groups, which each main group had 3 subgroups. Group A (control) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHIb. Group A had 3 subgroups (A Control day 3, 10, and 21), group B : every tooth was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU), it was contained 3 sub groups (B day 3,10, and 21). The animals were sacrificed based on their days scheduled group and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of IL-1 increased significantly in group B when E.faecalis was induced. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of IL-1 is increasing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.

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