Development and properties of a new doxorubicin carrier based on surface-modified iron zero-valent microparticles with high encapsulation efficiency and the possibility of its controlled release

Currently, chemotherapy combined with surgery and radiation therapy is the most effective treatment for cancer. At the same time, the use of this method is accompanied by serious side effects caused by the lack of specificity of most chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, the development of drug delivery systems (DDS) capable of addressing a chemotherapeutic agent to cancer cells, as well as its controlled release, is a promising approach for the effective treatment of cancer. The aim of the study is to synthesize a new DDS based on surface-modified microparticles of zero-valent iron, to study its properties as a carrier of a chemotherapeutic agent (encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, possibility of controlled release of a chemotherapeutic agent) and safety. Materials and methods. The microparticles were synthesised by reduction of iron (III) chloride with sodium borohydride followed by in situ surface modification by 4-carboxybenzyldiazonium tosylate. To confirm the occurrence of the reaction, FTIR spectroscopy (Nicolet iS5 Infrared Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, USA)) was used. Hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge of the microparticles in solution were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and z-potential. DOX release studies were performed in simulated physiological conditions (pH 3.3; 5.5; 7.4) to evaluate the effect of the external pH on the release rate. Release studies under ultrasound irradiation were performed simultaneously in the same conditions. The effect of surface modification on encapsulation efficiency was evaluated at various pH values (3.3; 5.5; 7.4) and doxorubicin concentrations (0.2; 0.35; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0 mg/ml). To demonstrate the safety of the developed system, cytotoxicity studies were performed on HeLa cell lines (ATCC® CCL-2™). Results. An original method of preparation of the drug carrier, based on iron zero-valent microparticleswith covalently attached chitosan (Fe-CS) on their surface was proposed. Prepared microparticles demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity of DOX (0.9 mg per 1 mg of FeCS microparticles), low cytotoxicity and also a possibility to modulate the release rate by ultrasound irradiation and by changing pH of the external environment. Conclusion. A carrier based on microparticles of zero-valent iron with covalently attached to the surface chitosan (Fe-CS) was obtained. The efficiency of encapsulation, the loading capacity of doxorubicin was determined and the possibility of its controlled release under the influence of an ultrasonic field at different pH values was confirmed. In an in vitro experiment on the HeLa cell line (ATCC® CCL-2™), no toxicity was established for all samples (Fe0, Fe-COOH и Fe-CS), regardless of their concentration.

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Semi-IPN hydrogels based on Poly(vinyl alcohol) for controlled release studies of chemotherapeutic agent and their Swelling characteristics

Polymer Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s00289-008-0925-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

K. S. V. Krishna Rao ◽

A. B. V. Kiran Kumar ◽

K. Madhusudhan Rao ◽

M. C. S. Subha ◽

Yong-Ill Lee

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Release Studies ◽

Swelling Characteristics

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Ultrasonic cavitation driven fabrication of organic solvent free lignin/prochloraz nano capsules to promote resistance to photolysis and rain wash, and provide extended release performance

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2020-0120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jingtian Chen ◽

Miao Wang ◽

Yong Qian ◽

Shanyuan Tan ◽

Huan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Extended Release ◽

Ultrasonic Cavitation ◽

Solvent Free ◽

Loading Capacity ◽

One Pot ◽

Continuous Release ◽

Mango Leaves

Abstract Lignin is a natural macromolecular sun blocker and provides an ideal protection material for pesticides that have poor photostability. In this study, alkali lignin/prochloraz capsules (AL-P) were prepared via one-pot ultrasonic cavitation. The results demonstrated that the produced AL-P were uniform spheres with sizes of 170–375 nm. The prochloraz encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) reached as high as 91.8 and 98.5%, respectively. Adding a small of surfactant reduced the size of the capsules, but both EE and LC were decreased. AL-P exhibited excellent extended release performance. The cumulative release of AL-P in the first 45 h was 76.1% and continuous release was maintained after 96 h. The resulting AL-P have improved photostability under UV irradiation radiation. Finally, AL-P capsules were sprayed on the mango leaves and bananas to act as preservatives, AL-P capsules had stronger rain wash resistance and were better preserved demonstrating their industrial applicability. Together, organic solvent free AL-P capsules demonstrate a method to improve the efficiency of photosensitive pesticides.

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Optimization Model of Phenolics Encapsulation Conditions for Biofortification in Fatty Acids of Animal Food Products

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 881

Author(s):

Roberta Tolve ◽

Fernanda Galgano ◽

Nicola Condelli ◽

Nazarena Cela ◽

Luigi Lucini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Food Products ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Loading Capacity ◽

Wide Range

The nutritional quality of animal products is strongly related to their fatty acid content and composition. Nowadays, attention is paid to the possibility of producing healthier foods of animal origin by intervening in animal feed. In this field, the use of condensed tannins as dietary supplements in animal nutrition is becoming popular due to their wide range of biological effects related, among others, to their ability to modulate the rumen biohydrogenation and biofortify, through the improvement of the fatty acids profile, the derivate food products. Unfortunately, tannins are characterized by strong astringency and low bioavailability. These disadvantages could be overcome through the microencapsulation in protective matrices. With this in mind, the optimal conditions for microencapsulation of a polyphenolic extract rich in condensed tannins by spray drying using a blend of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) as shell material were investigated. For this purpose, after the extract characterization, through spectrophotometer assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the combined effects of core:shell and MD:GA ratio on the microencapsulation process. The results obtained were used to develop second-order polynomial regression models on different responses, namely encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and tannin content. The formulation characterized by a core:shell ratio of 1.5:5 and MD:GA ratio of 4:6 was selected as the optimized one with a loading capacity of 17.67%, encapsulation efficiency of 76.58%, encapsulation yield of 35.69%, and tannin concentration of 14.46 g/100 g. Moreover, in vitro release under varying pH of the optimized formulation was carried out with results that could improve the use of microencapsulated condensed tannins in animal nutrition for the biofortification of derivates.

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Preparation and Sustained-Release Performance of PLGA Microcapsule Carrier System

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11071758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1758

Author(s):

Shuaikai Ren ◽

Chunxin Wang ◽

Liang Guo ◽

Congcong Xu ◽

Yan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Carrier System ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Encapsulation Rate ◽

Release Drug ◽

Release Curve

Microcapsules have been widely studied owing to their biocompatibility and potential for application in various areas, particularly drug delivery. However, the size of microcapsules is difficult to control, and the size distribution is very broad via various encapsulation techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain microcapsules with uniform and tailored size for the construction of controlled-release drug carriers. In this study, emulsification and solvent evaporation methods were used to prepare a variety of ovalbumin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules to determine the optimal preparation conditions. The particle size of the PLGA microcapsules prepared using the optimum conditions was approximately 200 nm, which showed good dispersibility with an ovalbumin encapsulation rate of more than 60%. In addition, porous microcapsules with different pore sizes were prepared by adding a varying amount of porogen bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the internal water phase. The release curve showed that the rate of protein release from the microcapsules could be controlled by adjusting the pore size. These findings demonstrated that we could tailor the morphology and structure of microcapsules by regulating the preparation conditions, thus controlling the encapsulation efficiency and the release performance of the microcapsule carrier system. We envision that this controlled-release novel microcapsule carrier system shows great potential for biomedical applications.

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Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Polymeric Hydrogels as Controlled Release Carriers

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7030110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Muhammad Suhail ◽

Chih-Wun Fang ◽

Arshad Khan ◽

Muhammad Usman Minhas ◽

Pao-Chu Wu

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Drug Release ◽

Acrylic Acid ◽

Chondroitin Sulfate ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Research Work ◽

Controlled Delivery ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Release Studies

The purpose of the current investigation was to develop chondroitin sulfate/carbopol-co-poly(acrylic acid) (CS/CBP-co-PAA) hydrogels for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS). Different concentrations of polymers chondroitin sulfate (CS), carbopol 934 (CBP), and monomer acrylic acid (AA) were cross-linked by ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) in the presence of ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) (initiator). The fabricated hydrogels were characterized for further experiments. Characterizations such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to understand the surface morphology, thermodynamic stability, crystallinity of the drug, ingredients, and developed hydrogels. The swelling and drug release studies were conducted at two different pH mediums (pH 1.2 and 7.4), and pH-dependent swelling and drug release was shown due to the presence of functional groups of both polymers and monomers; hence, greater swelling and drug release was observed at the higher pH (pH 7.4). The percent drug release of the developed system and commercially available product cataflam was compared and high controlled release of the drug from the developed system was observed at both low and high pH. The mechanism of drug release from the hydrogels followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Conclusively, the current research work demonstrated that the prepared hydrogel could be considered as a suitable candidate for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium.

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Facile Preparation of Efficient WO3Photocatalysts Based on Surface Modification

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2015/502514 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Min Liu ◽

Hongmei Li ◽

Yangsu Zeng

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Visible Light ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Light Spectra ◽

Simple Strategy ◽

Visible Light Active ◽

Efficient Charge ◽

Surface Modified

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) was surface modified with Cu(II) nanoclusters and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowders by using a simple impregnation method followed by a physical combining method. The obtained nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, UV-visible light spectra, and photoluminescence, respectively. Although the photocatalytic activity of WO3was negligible under visible light irradiation, the visible light photocatalytic activity of WO3was drastically enhanced by surface modification of Cu(II) nanoclusters and TiO2nanopowders. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is due to the efficient charge separation by TiO2and Cu(II) nanoclusters functioning as cocatalysts on the surface. Thus, this simple strategy provides a facile route to prepare efficient visible-light-active photocatalysts for practical application.

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Synthesis, characterization and drug release studies of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/KIT-5 nanocomposite as an innovative organic–inorganic hybrid carrier system

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra13930e ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (16) ◽

pp. 12463-12471 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Roozbeh Javad Kalbasi ◽

Ali Zirakbash

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Drug Release ◽

Hybrid Material ◽

Great Promise ◽

Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽

Carrier System ◽

Inorganic Hybrid ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

System P ◽

Release Studies

PHEMA/KIT-5 with various pore sizes was prepared. Efficient encapsulation of drug molecules inside the pores of the hybrid material and controlled release of them in an aqueous medium, suggest the great promise of the composite as a carrier system.

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Enhancement of the Congo Red Adsorption Capacity of Biochars by Surface Modification with MgCl2 Pretreatment

Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers ◽

10.4491/ksee.2020.42.10.472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

pp. 472-481

Author(s):

Hee So Oh ◽

Jae-Soo Chang

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Adsorption Isotherm ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Congo Red ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Pine Sawdust ◽

Adsorption Capacities ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Surface Modified

Objectives : The physicochemical characteristics of Mg-biochar composites derived from kelp and pine after pretreatment with MgCl2 were analyzed, and their adsorption capacities for an anionic dye, Congo red (CR), were evaluated.Methods : After pretreating 60 g of kelp and pine sawdust in 1 L of 0.1 M MgCl2･6H2O, the raw materials were pyrolyzed at 500℃ to produce Mg-biochar composites (kelp based KB-Mg and pine based PB-Mg). The fundamental physicochemical characteristics of the Mg-biochar composites were examined, and their adsorption capacities for CR were investigated using different initial pH values, adsorption kinetic models, and adsorption isotherm models.Results and discussion : The Mg-biochar composites showed the development of uniform deposits of Mg minerals primarily as MgO crystal on the surface by the surface modification with MgCl2. When the pristine biochars were surface-modified with MgCl2, their adsorption capacities for CR were significantly increased over the entire pH range tested. The CR adsorption process by all biochars was best described with the pseudo-first order kinetics model, and the adsorption isotherm characteristics were better described with the Langmuir isotherm model for all biochars. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities for KB-Mg and PB-Mg were 423.0 mg/g and 394.7 mg/g, respectively. It is suggested that the main mechanism for CR adsorption on the Mg-biochars is electrostatic attraction between CR and the biochars.Conclusions : The results showed that surface modification with MgCl2 could greatly enhance the CR adsorption capacity of biochars, and the results demonstrated the great potential of KB-Mg and PB-Mg for CR removal.

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Gıda Bileşenlerinin Enkapsülasyonunda Nanoemülsiyonların Kullanımı

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.130-138.2877 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

İsmail Tontul

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

New Products ◽

Active Material ◽

Core Material ◽

Loading Capacity ◽

Food Technology ◽

Active Materials ◽

Immiscible Liquids ◽

The Core ◽

Food Components

The increase in consumers' demands for safer and healthier food has led to the development of many new products in food technology. For this reason, micro- or nanoencapsulation has become an important area in order to protect food components with functional properties against environmental conditions and to provide controlled release in recent years. As a matter of fact, many encapsulation techniques have been developed and many different active materials have been encapsulated. Nanoemulsions, a nanoencapsulation technique, are the process of encapsulating core material in two immiscible liquids. Nanoemulsions have higher stability and loading capacity compared to normal emulsions. It also increases the bioavailability of the core materials because of the increased absorption of the active material in the digestive tract. In this review, the required materials for nanoemulsion preparation, the nanoemulsification methods, and the studies on the encapsulation of various food components in nanoemulsions have been reviewed.

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