scholarly journals COVID-19 VACCINE: THE CHALLENGE OF HERBAL MEDICINE COMMUNITY BELIEF IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Firdian Makrufardi ◽  
Ade Saputri ◽  
Paulin Surya Phillabertha
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
First Case ◽  
Heart And Mind ◽  
Medicine Community

The first case of COVID-19 was officially confirmed by Indonesian government on the last March 2020. In fact, traditional or herbal medicine have a big influence on people’s decisions about their health. Hereby, the information about COVID-19 vaccine should get a place in peoples’ heart and mind.

scholarly journals Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rhea Veda Nugraha ◽  
Hastono Ridwansyah ◽  
Mohammad Ghozali ◽  
Astrid Feinisa Khairani ◽  
Nur Atik
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family. The first case was reported in December 2019, and the disease has become a pandemic. Impaired immune regulation is one of the factors that play a role in its pathogenesis and results in poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients. There have been many studies with drug candidates used as antivirals or immunomodulators. However, the results of these investigations showed that the drug candidates were not significantly effective against the disease. Meanwhile, people believe that consuming herbal immunomodulators can prevent or even cure COVID-19. Unfortunately, specific preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate the effects of herbal immunoregulators have not been conducted. Certain natural compounds might be effective for the treatment of COVID-19 based on general concepts from previous experiments. This review discusses some herbal agents extracted from various plants, including Echinacea, Cinchona, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, which are considered for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons of utilising herbal medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, draw some conclusions, and make recommendations at the end of the session.

scholarly journals ASSET MISAPPROPRIATION TENDENCY: RATIONALIZATION, FINANCIAL PRESSURE, AND THE ROLE OF OPPORTUNITY (STUDY IN INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT SECTOR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
Hasni Yusrianti ◽  
Imam Ghozali ◽  
Etna N. Yuyetta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Asset Misappropriation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between Rationalization and Financial Pressure on Asset Misappropriation Tendency by mediating Opportunity in the Indonesian government sector based on the Fraud Triangle perspective. Methodology: The Population of this study was Indonesian government employees. The Sample method was Purposive Sampling and the survey method was direct surveys, postal mail, and online surveys. The number of respondents was 363 and analyzed using Structural Equation Model with AMOS-based covariance. Main Findings: The results show that financial pressure, rationalization, and opportunity had a significant positive effect on Asset Misappropriation Tendency. Furthermore, Opportunity mediates the relationship between rationalizations on Asset Misappropriation Tendency; However, Opportunity does not mediate the relationship between Financial Pressure and Asset Misappropriation Tendency. Implications: This study contributes to the literature on asset misappropriation in the government sector which is rather very limited and supports the Fraud Triangle Theory. It also has several practical implications for being a source of information to formulate policies in fraud prevention and detection that will improve management control systems in the government sector a developing country. Novelty: A limited study of asset misappropriation in the government sector in a developing country that examines the influence of element strength of Fraud Triangle in Asset Misappropriation which has been criticized by previous researchers.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 on the Indian Economy and Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Agrawal ◽  
Anbesh Jamwal ◽  
Sumit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
First Case ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Sea Ports

At present time world is facing from the coronavirus disease known as Covid-19. The first case of the coronavirus was reported in the December, 2019 in the Wuhan city of China which is known as the major transportation hub of China. After the spread of Covid-19 many countries have shut down their sea ports and airports. They have banned the import and export activities. Also, China is the major distributor of the raw materials which affect the manufacturing activities across the globe due to lockdowns. India is the developing country due to the Covid-19 spread the cases reported in the India government has lockdown the country for 41 days which affected the manufacturing activities and majorly it affects the supply chains and economy of the country. In the present paper we have discussed the effect of Covid-19 on Indian economy and on supply chains in India. There are total of 18 critical barriers are found out which affected the supply chains in the India. It is expected that this study will helpful the researchers to develop the conceptual models to overcome from this issue.

scholarly journals Analysis of the government regulations on COVID-19 pandemics in Indonesia: implementation and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Benny Hidayat ◽  
Ade Suzana Putri ◽  
Taufika Ophiyandri ◽  
Bambang Istijono ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
First Case ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 started in China and then spread to other countries. The Indonesian government officially announced the first case of COVID-19 on 2nd March 2020. Previously, on 4th February, the Ministry of Health issued a Decree of the Minister of Health number HK.01.07 of 2020 regarding “Determination of Novel Coronavirus Infection (2019-Ncov Infection) as a Disease That Can Cause Outbreaks And Efforts to Overcome it”. WHO then declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11th March 2021. After that, the central government issued various regulations related to the handling of COVID-19. This paper aims to study the regulations issued by the Indonesian government regarding the handling of COVID-19. The research method uses a content analysis method using nVivo software. The study results show that the regulations are quantified, consisting of 30% related to social, 10% related to the budget, 25% related to health, 20% related to COVID-19 handling organizations, and 15% related to economic recovery. This paper also presents the challenges related to the implementation of these regulations

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics of Early COVID-19 Case Outbreaks in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar ◽  
Triyono Indrasiwi Kuncoroaji ◽  
Andy Lee ◽  
Shih-Chieh Lee ◽  
Valendriyani Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The initial outbreak of COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan (China) during the latter part of December 2019. Indonesia has the fourth-largest population globally and reported the country’s first case of the virus on 2nd March 2020. The World Health Organisation (WHO) in addition to several neighbouring provinces and educational institutions within the region began questioning the Indonesian government upon the initial case reported. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia during March 2020. The data were collected from Indonesian government databases and non-government organisations (NGOs). The data were analysed using Microsoft Office 2019 (Excel) and Adobe Illustrator 2017 software, was used in drawing the map depicting the distribution of COVID-19 in Indonesia. As at 31st March 2020, a total of 1,528 people in Indonesia have been infected by COVID-19, in addition to 136 mortalities (CFR of 8.9%). Jakarta, as the principal capital of Indonesia, quickly has become the epicentre of the virus since this period. Most patient cases were attributed to those aged between 31 and 70 years (72.64%), with male patients (64.93%) representing the highest incidence of cases compared to female patients (35.07%). The number of ventilating machines was 3,326, with hospital numbers at 859. The distribution of cases depicting COVID-19 was mainly seen in urban areas compared to rural areas. Males compared to females, are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19, including those aged below 30, between 30 and 60 or above. Indonesia also has the highest case fatality rate (CFR) with respect to mortalities in Southeast Asia and has the second-highest CFR globally. Similarly, while the number of ventilator machines as at 31st March 2020 were sufficient in meeting the growing number of COVID-19 cases in the country, it is possible that the government may need to increase the number of ventilators if the cases continue to escalate.

Fixed drug eruption to Serenoa repens : First case report and consideration of the use of herbal medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Gammoudi ◽  
Khaoula Ameur ◽  
Bouraoui Ouni ◽  
Sana Mokni ◽  
Amina Aounallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Drug Eruption ◽  
Serenoa Repens ◽  
Fixed Drug Eruption ◽  
First Case ◽  
Fixed Drug

scholarly journals Four Case Reports on Treatment of elevated aminotransferase levels with Herbal medicine containing Artemisia capillaris as Principal Component

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Hongmin Chu ◽  
Cheol-Hyun Kim ◽  
Kwang-ho Kim ◽  
Young-ung Lee ◽  
Kang-keyng Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Artemisia Capillaris ◽  
Long Period ◽  
First Case ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background: Many herbal medications have been used to treat various liver diseases. But the concerns of herbal medicine induced liver injury also existed. In this respect, we would like to report several cases with imporved elevated liver aminotransferase after treating herbal medicine including Artemisia capillaris. Case Reports: We report four patients with elevated aminotransferase levels (ATLs), which indicate hepatocellular damages. After receiving herbal medicines therapy containing Artemisia capillaris as principal component (HMA), the patients` ATLs were improved. In the first case, the patient`s ATLs decreased into normal range after administration of HMA, although they have not been improved with hepatotonics for a long period. In the second case, the patient`s ATLs have been elevated after taking anticoagulants. The ATLs were improved with HMA without stopping anticoagulants. In the other two cases, the patients` ATLs were also improved after taking HMA. In addition, there were no changes of previous drugs for treating the corresponding underlying diseases and no adverse events during HMA applications. Result and Conclusion: The four patients received the herbal medicine containing Artemisia capillaris as principal component and showed improvement of ATLs. These cases suggest that HMA can be considered as alternative or complementary remedies to improve various liver diseases.

Analisis Penerbitan Sukuk Negara Ritel Seri-015 tahun 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-596
Author(s):  
Nurman Ferdiana ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Fasa ◽  
A. Kumedi Ja’far
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Market Share ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The World ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government

In the world of Indonesian state finance, there are many types and varieties of financial products in circulation. As a society with the 4th largest population in the world, Indonesia is a very lucrative market share. This is often the main discussion in international organizations where Indonesia as a developing country is heading to a developed country. One product that is in great demand from year to year is retail sukuk. There are 15 Retail Sukuk products called Retail Sukuk 015. The products offered by the Indonesian government are very profitable on a certain scale. Where Retail Sukuk (retail sukuk) are a Sharia investment product offered by the government to individual Indonesian citizens. The management presented by Retail Sukuk must be based on Sharia principles, avoiding the elements of maysir (gambling), gharar (obscurity) and no usury (usury). The concept offered has also received a guarantee from the DSN MUI so that the contract used to issue Retail Sukuk is Ijarah-Asset to be leased. The existing capital turnover was developed for investment activities to purchase benefit rights to State Property leased by the government to procurement projects (project businesses). So the rewards are clearly taken or shared from the profits from the investment activities. To add to the clarity of how these benefits are obtained, it is described through 8 (eight) investment benefits issued by the Ministry of Finance as an extension of the Indonesian government. Therefore, the Government has a definite goal where the issuance of retail sukuk is to help finance the APBN and finance the development of various infrastructures in Indonesia. Keywords: Retail Sukuk, Sharia, Investment

scholarly journals Kewajiban Atas Divestasi Saham Bidang Pertambangan Minerba Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Keadilan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Suradiyanto Suradiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Mining Law

The potential of natural resources owned by Indonesia need to be processed in order to make a significant contribution to the economy of the country which ultimately intended for the welfare of the people. One of the natural resources that have economic value that is large enough is mineral resources and coal, but without the management of the potential of natural resources will not mean anything. Dynamics faced by Indonesia as a developing country, faced with a number of internal problems including the limitations of technology, sources of funds and human resources. These things are the constraints in the management and utilization of natural resources by the state. To overcome these obstacles, the Indonesian government to cooperate with investors in the management of existing natural resources contained in a concept of cooperation known as Contract of Work. The development that occurs in Mining Law the existence of divestment obligations as  a requirement in a Contract of Work.

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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