scholarly journals Malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes among HIV-seropositive patients in the Western highland area of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timoléon TCHUINKAM ◽  
François Fopa ◽  
Anna Maria Doro-Altan ◽  
Innocent Djikolbe-Gondje ◽  
Maria Angeles Mendaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highland Area ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Plasmodial Infection ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Fever is the most frequent symptom for Malaria and HIV/AIDS, but it is non-specific; therefore it can’t be used efficiently in clinical diagnosis of malaria in hyperendemic zones. In hypoendemic areas of malaria, this assertion is not obvious, since people lack naturally acquired immunity. The present study aims at determining the Malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes (MAFE) among HIV-positive patients in a hypoendemic highland area. Methods: During two-years prospective cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from outpatients of an HIV/AIDS clinic and examined for the presence and density of malaria parasites. In addition to malaria related symptoms, some other patients’ data were recorded: sexe, age, body mass index (BMI), T-lymphocyte CD4 counts, viral loads, haemograms and transaminases measurements. Results: A total of 729 HIV-seropositive patients were enrolled into the study. Their mean Plasmodial infection rate and parasitaemia were: 0.823% and 1.050 parasites/µl of blood respectively; and were both significantly lower, compared to the control seronegative group, in contrast to our hypothesis. No significant difference was observed when the mean values of transaminases were compared between those with and without plasmodial infection. For the 119 (16.32%) febrile individuals found, the calculated MAFE was almost null (0.15%). Their mean CD4 count, red blood cells (RBC) count and haemoglobin rate were: 226 cell/µl, 3.83x10 6 RBC/µl and 10.4 g/dl respectively; and were all significantly lower than in the non-febrile group. However, malaria parasite infection rates and mean densities were similar in both groups. Likewise, there was no difference between: sex ratios, mean ages, BMI, total white blood cells counts and viral loads between the two groups. Conclusion: HIV infection in spite of the immunodeficiency induced does not enhance the risk of Plasmodium infection in hypoendemic highland settings. Even in the scarce cases of co-infection occurring here, malaria is rarely responsible for fever episodes. These fevers are indeed associated with higher anaemia and immunodeficiency, and likely due instead to opportunistic infectious diseases.

PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAOTIAN STUDENTS IN HUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Triet Le Phan Minh ◽  
Keopaseuth Phoukhong ◽  
Nghiem Nguyen Dac Duy ◽  
Duong Ha Nu Thuy ◽  
Thu Hoang Thi Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cell ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: To evaluate the complete blood count of Laotian students in Hue city. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study on 400 Lao students who were examinated the complete blood count at Department of Hematology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from September 2019 to May 2020. Results: 400 Lao students (male/female = 1/1.2), the students who came from Salavan province accounted for the highest percentage (22.25%). The mean of age was 24.78 ± 6.44 (17 - 44). The mean of red blood cells (RBC) was 5.13 ± 0.73 T/L and of hemoglobin in the study group was 129.27 ± 18.58 g/L. The percentage of students with anemia was 13.5% and there were 3 students with severe anemia. The mean of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were respectively 81.27 ± 9.32 fL (49.2 - 103.9) and 25.50 ± 3.56 pg (11.8 - 33.2). The mean of white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) were respectively 7.42 ± 2.29 G/L and 272.33 ± 83.62 G/L. There was a correlation between anemia and age (p < 0.05), mainly in 26 - 40. There was significant difference about RBC and Hb between anemic group and non-anemic group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is essential to check the complete blood count of Laotian students to evaluate anemia and screen hemoglobinopathies. Keywords: Laotian students, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb)

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

The situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient at Pediatrics - Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Nhon Tran Van ◽  
Mai Do Van ◽  
Hien Ha Minh
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Pediatric Inpatient

Background: To survey for evaluation the use of antibiotic for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient in compliance with MOH, WHO or treatment regimen. Objectives: (1) To describe the situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment and (2) to determine factors that affected on indication of antibiotic for pediatric inpatient under 15 years at Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study on 251 medical records of pediatric inpatients who treated by one of any drug from 01/2019 to 12/2019. Results: one antibiotic was prescribed in 71.7% in comparison with 17.1% on two antibiotics. The antibiotic prescription was based on the results of blood test including examinations of white blood cells (WBC), the percentage of neutrophils (Neu%) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) (59.4%), stool with white blood cells and/or red blood cells (1.6%), high fever without causes (27.9%), watery stool (86.3%), loose stool with blood (100%), loose stool (97.9%). The most used antibiotics are ceftriaxone (53.4%), ciprofloxacin (12.4%). Duration of antibiotic use is 5 days in median. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic prescription that met MOH and WHO guidelines was 88.3% in comparison with 11.7% of non-conformance. The compliance prescriptions based on antibiogram were 77.8%, non-compliance were 22.5%. The compliance dosage refered to guideline was 86.4%, non-conpliance was 2.4%. The duration of hospitalization and neutrophil are factors that affected the use of antibiotics (p < 0.05). Keywords: diarrhea, pediatric inpatient, antibiotic, Pediatrics-Kien Giang General Hospital

Hematological condition of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Abilov ◽  
A. Azhmyakov ◽  
I. Novgorodova ◽  
N. Bogolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

Purpose: to study hematological parameters of blood in bulls-producers of dairy breeds on the day of semen collection in the Udmurt Republic after a long winter period of operation, depending on the breeds, age and place of selection.Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst on the basis of AO "Udmurtplem" of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on dairy bulls (n=20) aged 15-69 months, including a purebred Holstein breed of domestic selection (n=6), a Holstein black-and-white breed of European selection (the Netherlands, n=6), a black-and-white breed with blood transfusion on Holsteins on at the level of 94-98% (n=8). The content of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, depending on age and breed, was studied on the ABC VET hematological analyzer on the day of taking the seed.Results. It was found that on average, in 20 bulls aged 15-69 months, the level of white blood cells was at the level of reference values of 8.8±0.25 x 109/l, red blood cells 10.3 x 1012/l, which is 50% more than the reference values. The concentration of hemoglobin is 128.0±2.92 g/l, hematocrit is on average 54.3%, with a norm of 24-46%. Breeding bulls at a reliable level, differing in age, showed that some animals had high indicators for red blood cells of 10.3±0.26 x 102, for hematocrit of 54.3% against 24-46% of reference values. Also, according to hematological indicators, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in European-bred bulls.Conclusion. The study of the variability in hematological parameters depending on the selection showed that there is no significant difference in leukocytes and all indicators are at the level of reference values, and in erythrocytes more than 50% than the highest indicators. The highest hemoglobin values were at the level of 141-156 g/l instead of 128 g/l according to the highest reference values. Hematocrit also showed high max values in all groups in comparison with the reference values of 59-66% versus 46% in the norm. It is necessary when analyzing hematological blood parameters in addition to the average statistical indicators (M+m) also, monitor the variability (min-max) in order to obtain more objective information.

scholarly journals Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Teixeira ◽  
Danielle C. Dias ◽  
Guilherme C. Rocha ◽  
Antônio M. Antonucci ◽  
Fernanda M. França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
American Bullfrog ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).

scholarly journals Cytological analysis of the lung material of C57BL/6Y mice in the simulation of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Biomeditsina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3E) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
O. V. Alimkina ◽  
A. E. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

The work is devoted to the study of changes in the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage over time in the modeling of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice. ARDS was modeled by administering α-galactosylceramide and a mixture of lipopolysaccharide with a complete Freud’s adjuvant. After euthanasia, bronchoalveolar lavage was taken for analysis. On this basis, changes in the total number of white blood cells, the percentage of neutrophils and macrophages were assessed. It was found that the percentage of neutrophils in the ARDS group shows a statistically significant difference from that in the intact group, starting from 3 hours after modeling ARDS. Further, a statistically significant decrease in macrophages was observed. 

scholarly journals Assessment of the virtual guide on eye self-examination in the context of HIV/AIDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennara Candido Nascimento ◽  
Maria Alzete Lima ◽  
Paulo Cesár de Almeida ◽  
Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Text Illustrations ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of a virtual guide with a view to promoting eye health. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with 130 HIV/AIDS patients from an ambulatory unit between May and August/2010. The data was collected through interviews and observation, using three forms that addressed the socioeconomic profile, understanding and performing the virtual guide eye self-examination. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ² and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests. It was considered statistically significant p <0.05. RESULTS: The virtual guide was positively evaluated in the categories of understanding and adequacy of text illustrations. There was statistically significant difference between the tests performed with this virtual guide (p=0.036). Comparing the results obtained by participants and researchers, we observed similarities in the findings (p>0.140), excepting only the evaluation of the right eyelid. CONCLUSION: The virtual guide helped developing proper eye self-exam, enabling people to notice alterations in their eyes.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

Associations between white blood cells count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ghannadiasl
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Purpose The elevated white blood cells (WBCs) count has been reported to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to determine the associations between WBCs count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated the body mass index (BMI) in 392 apparently healthy young adults of both sexes. The WBCs count was measured using standard counter techniques. The inclusion criteria were the agreement to participate in the study, between 18 and 25 years of age, lack of self-reported diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, kidney and infectious diseases. Findings According to the BMI classification, underweight and overweight or obesity were observed in 14.58 and 11.48 per cent of young adults, respectively. The mean WBC was 6.5 ± 1.5 (×10³ cells/µL). Higher values of WBCs were found in women than in men (p = 0.02). The young adults with higher BMI had a higher WBCs count. There was a positive correlation between WBCs count and weight and BMI (r = 0.19 and r = 0.22, p < 0.001, respectively). Research limitations/implications This research was a cross-sectional study. Future studies are suggested using longitudinal studies to examine more relationships between obesity and WBCs count in apparently healthy young adults. Practical implications The results of this study provide evidence for weight management in this age group to reduce diseases associated with increased WBCs count. Originality/value The WBCs count was related to increasing levels of BMI per cent 2 C even in the normal range.

scholarly journals Effects of Fruits of Lapsi (Nepali Hog Plum) Choerospondias axillaris (roxb.) b.l.Burtt & a.w.Hill on Some Blood Parameters of Major Carp rohu Labeo rohita(H) During Intensive Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Shubha Ratna Shakya ◽  
Shyam Narayan Labh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
And Control

 The complete blood cell count (CBC) is an important and powerful diagnostic tool to monitor the health status of fish in response to changes related to nutrition, water quality, and disease in response to therapy.Thus, the present study was about to know the effect of lapsi fruit pulp (Choerospondias axillaris) on some blood parameters in the fingerlings of rohu Labeo rohita cultured in Corona of Agriculture Hatchery farm, Chitwan, Nepal. Altogether eighteen hapas made of heavy-duty nylon net (1.5m3) were kept and placed inside the pond, distributed linearly, and then 270 fingerlings (@15 fishes/ hapa) were kept distributed randomly. Six practical diets like T1 (0.0 g kg-1), T2 (0.1 g kg-1), T3 (0.2 g kg-1), T4 (0.4 g kg-1), T5 (0.8 g kg-1) and T6 (1.6 g kg-1) were prepared. Feed containing 40% protein was supplemented with the ethanol extract of lapsi fruits. At the end of 90 days of the feeding trial, a significant difference (P< 0.05) in blood parameters were observed between the treated and control diet-fed groups. Hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), and other erythrocyte indices were recorded higher in the treated groups. RBC, WBC, Hct, and Hb were found significantly higher in the T4 (0.4 %) diet-fed group. The study showed a minimum of 0.4 % (0.4g kg-1) lapsi fruit extract needed in fish feeds to increase blood parameters to enhance growth and immunity.

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