scholarly journals Antagonistic activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens against multidrug resistant Serratia rubidaea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Afrin ◽  
Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Serratia Rubidaea

AbstractSerratia rubidaea a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, known to survive harsh environmental conditions and responsible for hospital associated infections. Specifically, S. rubidaea can withstand desiccation and survive on hospital surfaces and equipments as well as have acquired antimicrobial resistance determinants for different commercial antibiotics. The expansion of this multidrug resistant pattern suggests that the treatment of S. rubidaea infections will become increasingly difficult in near future. Although some measures were taken to control this species, an inhibition mechanism is remaining unknown. To design effective means to control the dissemination of S. rubidaea, an in-depth analysis is required. In the present study, one possible candidate was isolated from the soil of Sundarban Mangroove Forest (Bangladesh) that has important physiological effects to inhibit this pathogenic bacterium. The bacterial isolate was initially identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens using BIOLOG™ identification system and confirmed to be B. amyloliquefaciens strain through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The growth and antagonistic activity of this potential strain was shown to be stable under wide range of pH, temperature and salinity (NaCl). Moreover, the novel B. amyloliquefaciens isolate can also inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens might have potential antimicrobial properties and further research is required for future use of this bacterium as biological controls of S. rubidaea or development as new drugs for pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals The Identification of Multidrug Resistant Microorganisms Including Bergyella Zoohelcum Acquired from the Skin/Prosthetic Interface of Amputees and Their Susceptibility to Medihoney™ and Garlic Extract (Allicin)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Harsent ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
James Arthur Blaxland ◽  
Neil Rushmere
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Oxidase Test

Abstract BackgroundUsers of prosthetic devices face the accumulation of potentially drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria on the skin/prosthesis interface. In this study, we took surface swabs of the skin/prosthesis interface of eleven disabled athletes to identify microorganisms present. In addition to determining their antimicrobial resistance profile, we assessed their sensitivity to Manuka honey and Garlic extract (allicin) MethodsEleven volunteers were directed to swab the skin at the skin/prosthesis interface. After initial isolation of microorganisms we employed the following general microbiological methods; Gram stain, Catalase test, Oxidase test, lactose fermenting capability, haemolytic capability, Staphaurex, mannitol fermenting capability, Streptex; API Staph, 20E, Candida, and BBL crystal identification system tests. Once identified, isolates were analysed for their sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin. ampicillin, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and colistin-sulphate. Isolates were also analysed for their sensitivity to allicin (Garlic Extract (GE)) and Manuka honey (Medihoney™) (MH). ResultsEleven isolates were identified, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Group D Streptococcus, Pantoea spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Bergyella zoohelcum. All Gram-positive organisms were resistant to 1.5 units of penicillin and 10 μg of ampicillin, and two Gram-negatives Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Bergyella zoohelcum were resistant to 10 μg ceftazidime, whilst Bergyella zoohelcum, was also resistant to 10 μg of gentamicin. In comparison, all organisms were sensitive to Manuka honey and nine sensitive to Allicin. ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of uncommon drug resistant microorganisms on the skin within a vulnerable population, highlighting the potential for MH or GE intervention.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Halicin against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Rayan Y. Booq ◽  
Essam A. Tawfik ◽  
Haya A. Alfassam ◽  
Ahmed J. Alfahad ◽  
Essam J. Alyamani
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technology that has been employed to screen and discover new drugs. Using AI, an anti-diabetic treatment (Halicin) was nominated and proven to have a unique antibacterial activity against several harmful bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the antibacterial effect of halicin and microbial susceptibility using the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values while assessing the stability of stored halicin over a period of time with cost-effective and straightforward methods. Linear regression graphs were constructed, and the correlation coefficient was calculated. The new antibacterial agent was able to inhibit all tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, but in different concentrations—including the A. baumannii multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate. The MIC of halicin was found to be 16 μg/mL for S. aureus (ATCC BAA-977), 32 μg/mL for E. coli (ATCC 25922), 128 μg/mL for A. baumannii (ATCC BAA-747), and 256 μg/mL for MDR A. baumannii. Upon storage, the MICs were increased, suggesting instability of the drug after approximately a week of storage at 4 °C. MICs and zones of inhibition were found to be high (R = 0.90 to 0.98), suggesting that halicin has a promising antimicrobial activity and may be used as a wide-spectrum antibacterial drug. However, the drug’s pharmacokinetics have not been investigated, and further elucidation is needed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Potential of Rhizospheric Bacteria Streptobacillus sp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kishor Prasad ◽  
Riddha Dey ◽  
Richa Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Rhizospheric Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Rhizospheric bacteria exhibiting antagonistic effects are a good source for the production of antibiotics. The antibiotics produced are naturally bactericidal or bacteriostatic in nature. In the present investigation, thirty-five rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from different soil samples. Agar well diffusion method, streak agar method, disc diffusion method and biochemical tests were performed to screen the ten antibiotic-producing bacteria. Among them, strain JRR34 selected on the basis of primary antagonistic activity was identified as Streptobacillus sp. Media optimisation was done to ensure maximum production of secondary metabolites. Streptobacillus sp. JRR34 showed good inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethyl crude extract of Streptobacillus sp. JRR34 rhizobacteria possessing good antagonistic activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria can be a vital source of novel antibiotics.

scholarly journals In-Depth Analysis of the Role of the Acinetobactin Cluster in the Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Conde-Pérez ◽  
Juan C. Vázquez-Ucha ◽  
Laura Álvarez-Fraga ◽  
Lucía Ageitos ◽  
Soraya Rumbo-Feal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Double Mutant Strain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antivirulence Agents

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that represents a serious threat to global health. A. baumannii possesses a wide range of virulence factors that contribute to the bacterial pathogenicity. Among them, the siderophore acinetobactin is one of the most important, being essential for the development of the infection. In this study we performed an in-depth analysis of the acinetobactin cluster in the strain A. baumannii ATCC 17978. For this purpose, nineteen individual isogenic mutant strains were generated, and further phenotypical analysis were performed. Individual mutants lacking the biosynthetic genes entA, basG, basC, basD, and basB showed a significant loss in virulence, due to the disruption in the acinetobactin production. Similarly, the gene bauA, coding for the acinetobactin receptor, was also found to be crucial for the bacterial pathogenesis. In addition, the analysis of the ΔbasJ/ΔfbsB double mutant strain demonstrated the high level of genetic redundancy between siderophores where the role of specific genes of the acinetobactin cluster can be fulfilled by their fimsbactin redundant genes. Overall, this study highlights the essential role of entA, basG, basC, basD, basB and bauA in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii and provides potential therapeutic targets for the design of new antivirulence agents against this microorganism.

scholarly journals Suppression of Emergence of Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Keeping Our Powder Dry, Part 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Drusano ◽  
William Hope ◽  
Alasdair MacGowan ◽  
Arnold Louie
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Chemical Entities

We are in a crisis of bacterial resistance. For economic reasons, most pharmaceutical companies are abandoning antimicrobial discovery efforts, while, in health care itself, infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs have generally failed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. At this point, what can be done? The first step has been taken. Governments and international bodies have declared there is a worldwide crisis in antibiotic drug resistance. As discovery efforts begin anew, what more can be done to protect newly developing agents and improve the use of new drugs to suppress resistance emergence? A neglected path has been the use of recent knowledge regarding antibiotic dosing as single agents and in combination to minimize resistance emergence, while also providing sufficient early bacterial kill. In this review, we look at the data for resistance suppression. Approaches include increasing the intensity of therapy to suppress resistant subpopulations; developing concepts of clinical breakpoints to include issues surrounding suppression of resistance; and paying attention to the duration of therapy, which is another important issue for resistance suppression. New understanding of optimizing combination therapy is of interest for difficult-to-treat pathogens likePseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterspp., and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Enterobacteriaceae. These lessons need to be applied to our old drugs as well to preserve them and to be put into national and international antibiotic resistance strategies. As importantly, from a regulatory perspective, new chemical entities should have a resistance suppression plan at the time of regulatory review. In this way, we can make the best of our current situation and improve future prospects.

scholarly journals Multiplex CRISPRi System Enables the Study of Stage-Specific Biofilm Genetic Requirements in Enterococcus faecalis

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Afonina ◽  
June Ong ◽  
Jerome Chua ◽  
Timothy Lu ◽  
Kimberly A. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen, which can cause multidrug-resistant life-threatening infections. Gaining a complete understanding of enterococcal pathogenesis is a crucial step in identifying a strategy to effectively treat enterococcal infections. However, bacterial pathogenesis is a complex process often involving a combination of genes and multilevel regulation. Compared to established knockout methodologies, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) approaches enable the rapid and efficient silencing of genes to interrogate gene products and pathways involved in pathogenesis. As opposed to traditional gene inactivation approaches, CRISPRi can also be quickly repurposed for multiplexing or used to study essential genes. Here, we have developed a novel dual-vector nisin-inducible CRISPRi system in E. faecalis that can efficiently silence via both nontemplate and template strand targeting. Since the nisin-controlled gene expression system is functional in various Gram-positive bacteria, the developed CRISPRi tool can be extended to other genera. This system can be applied to study essential genes, genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, and genes involved in biofilm formation and persistence. The system is robust and can be scaled up for high-throughput screens or combinatorial targeting. This tool substantially enhances our ability to study enterococcal biology and pathogenesis, host-bacterium interactions, and interspecies communication. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecalis causes multidrug-resistant life-threatening infections and is often coisolated with other pathogenic bacteria from polymicrobial biofilm-associated infections. Genetic tools to dissect complex interactions in mixed microbial communities are largely limited to transposon mutagenesis and traditional time- and labor-intensive allelic-exchange methods. Built upon streptococcal dCas9, we developed an easily modifiable, inducible CRISPRi system for E. faecalis that can efficiently silence single and multiple genes. This system can silence genes involved in biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance and can be used to interrogate gene essentiality. Uniquely, this tool is optimized to study genes important for biofilm initiation, maturation, and maintenance and can be used to perturb preformed biofilms. This system will be valuable to rapidly and efficiently investigate a wide range of aspects of complex enterococcal biology.

scholarly journals Carcass Salmonella and Its Drug Resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Gizachew Muluneh Amera ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Animals

Salmonella are the major pathogenic bacteria in humans as well as in animals. Salmonella species are leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in several countries and salmonellosis remains an important public health problem worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. Isolation of Salmonella from a wide range of sources suggests that Salmonella is widespread in food animals and meat products and underlines the necessity for a joint and coordinated surveillance and monitoring programs for salmonellosis and other major food borne zoonotic diseases. Food animals harbor a wide range of Salmonella and so act as sources of contamination, which is of paramount epidemiological importance in non-typhoid human salmonellosis. Salmonellosis is more aggravated by the ever increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance strains in food animals. The high prevalence and dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella have become a growing public health concern. Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella are now encountered frequently and the rates of multidrug resistance have increased considerably in recent years. Food animal consumption is a potential cause for antimicrobial resistant Salmonella illnesses besides, the common factors such as overcrowding, poverty, inadequate sanitary conditions, and poor personal hygiene. Practicing good sanitary measures, extensive education programs for proper hygiene and improvement of managements are solutions to eliminate the high bacteriological load as well as prevalence of Salmonella in cattle carcass. Furthermore, restricting the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals, designation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella as an adulterant in ground beef, improving the mechanisms for product trace-back investigations and wise and discriminate use of antimicrobials should be practiced to combat the ever increasing situation of antimicrobial resistance. So, this review used for updating information on their prevalence and resistance patterns is very important to suggest the acceptance of the carcass in relation to the standards and for proper selection and use of antimicrobial agents in a setting.

scholarly journals Suppression of Emergence of Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Keeping Our Powder Dry, Part 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Drusano ◽  
Arnold Louie ◽  
Alasdair MacGowan ◽  
William Hope
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Chemical Entities

We are in a crisis of bacterial resistance. For economic reasons, most pharmaceutical companies are abandoning antimicrobial discovery efforts, while, in health care itself, infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs have generally failed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. At this point, what can be done? The first step has been taken. Governments and international bodies have declared there is a worldwide crisis in antibiotic drug resistance. As discovery efforts begin anew, what more can be done to protect newly developing agents and improve the use of new drugs to suppress resistance emergence? A neglected path has been the use of recent knowledge regarding antibiotic dosing as single agents and in combination to minimize resistance emergence, while also providing sufficient early bacterial kill. In this review, we look at the data for resistance suppression. Approaches include increasing the intensity of therapy to suppress resistant subpopulations; developing concepts of clinical breakpoints to include issues surrounding suppression of resistance; and paying attention to the duration of therapy, which is another important issue for resistance suppression. New understanding of optimizing combination therapy is of interest for difficult-to-treat pathogens likePseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterspp., and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Enterobacteriaceae. These lessons need to be applied to our old drugs to preserve them as well and need to be put into national and international antibiotic resistance strategies. As importantly, from a regulatory perspective, new chemical entities should have a corresponding resistance suppression plan at the time of regulatory review. In this way, we can make the best of our current situation and improve future prospects.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATTOKINASE, BACTERIOCIN FROM BACTERIAL SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lal Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range

The study was aimed at identification, production and characterization of nattokinase, bacteriocin from bacterial species. Nattokinase and bacteriocins finds a wide range of applications in Pharmaceutical industry, health care and medicine. Nattokinase is a highly active fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus subtilis and bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus isolates shown positive results to microscopic, biochemical analysis.  The nattokinase and bacteriocins were produced by optimizing the media. The enzymes were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and HPLC. The enzyme activity for nattokinase was found at 7 mg/ml, pH 8.0 and temperature 48 ºC and the enzyme activity for bacteriocin was found at 3.9 mg/ml, pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus showed good antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis played a significant role in thrombolytic and anti-coagulation at in vitro. The results indicated that the pure enzyme has a potential in dissolving blood clot.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENUS BACTERIA BACILLUS ON QUALITY OF Lactuca sativa L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
O. V. Doroshchuk ◽  
J. N. Kalatskaja ◽  
N. A. Laman ◽  
V. V. Minkova ◽  
M. N. Mandrik-Litvinkovich
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wide Range

Primal problem of vegetable growing is constant supply of the population with all types of vegetables, including green cultures. Green cultures are vegetables that have high nutritional value and precocity. However they often are infected by phytopathogenic microorganisms already at initial stages of ontogenesis at cultivation in closed soil conditions. It leads to emergence of disjointed shoots, deterioration of growth and development of plants and loss of quality. Now in the Republic of Belarus a number of biological substances on the basis of bacteria Bacillus was developed. They are used against diseases of plants of mushroom and bacterial etiology. However there is not information about influence of bacteria on quality of products of green cultures. The aim of the work was studying of influence of two strains of bacteria Bacillus that were introduced in peat substrate on efficiency and quality of lettuce. Two strains of bacteria Bacillus were used in the work. They were selected from the soil. The strains are Bacillus subtilis M9/6 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 23TM that have high antagonistic activity to a wide range of phytopathogens. Cultivation of plants carried out in containers of 250 ml under light installations with illuminating intensity 13-15 thousand luxury and lasting irradiating of 14 hours before technical ripeness of lettuce. It was established that the application of strain Bacillus subtilis M9/6 (in concentration 106 cells/ml, 10 ml/l of substrate) and the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 23TM (5 ml/l of substrate) in substrate before sowing increased nutrition value of lettuce. Dry matter content, water-soluble carbohydrates (mono - and disaccharides) content and vitamin C content increased. The bacterial strain B. amyloliquefaciens 23TM also promoted accumulation of vitamin B2. The content of nitrates in lettuce leaves decreased on 50,3% and 39,1%, respectively. It was shown that the application of bacteria in substrate before sowing of crop has a greater influence on quality of lettuce, than watering of shoots.

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