scholarly journals Antibody Response to a Live-Modified Virus Vaccine Against Bovine Viral Diarrhoea in Dairy Cattle in Field Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dorota Klimowicz-Bodys ◽  
Katarzyna Ploneczka-Janeczko ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Mirosław P Polak ◽  
Radosław Pruban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate of the long-term antibody response of dairy cows to a single dose of a commercial modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against bovine viral diarrhoea (Mucosiffa® CEVA Animal Health, Spain). The study was carried out in a dairy cattle herd counting 290 animals negative for BVDV. The vaccination was implemented in calves from the age of 2 months. Twelve adult lactating cows were randomly selected before study, and blood samples were collected right before the vaccination and then 12 times at 1-month intervals. The serum samples were screened using virus neutralization test (VNT) and ELISA. Results: Both tests showed that antibody titers increased significantly in all animals within the first month post vaccination, and continued to increase until the second (VNT) and third (ELISA) month post vaccination. Antibody titers remained high and stable until the end of the study. Moreover, cows did not show any adverse reactions or clinical symptoms of disease. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the administration of one dose MLV vaccine was able to stimulate long-lasting (12-months) and strong antibody response in all vaccinated cows.

scholarly journals Antibody Response to a Live-Modified Virus Vaccine against Bovine Viral Diarrhoea in Dairy Cattle in a Field Trial

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Małgorzata D. Klimowicz-Bodys ◽  
Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko ◽  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Mirosław Paweł Polak ◽  
Agnieszka Lachowicz-Wolak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers

(1) Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term antibody response of dairy cows to a single dose of a commercial modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea (Mucosiffa® CEVA Sante Animale, Liburne, France). (2) Methods: The study was carried out in a dairy cattle herd counting 290 animals negative for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The vaccination was implemented following the manufacturer’s instructions. Twelve dairy cows were randomly selected before the study, and blood samples were collected right before the vaccination and then 12 times at 1-month intervals. The serum samples were screened using a virus neutralization test (VNT) and ELISA. (3) Results: Both tests showed that antibody titers increased significantly in all animals within the first month post-vaccination, and continued to increase significantly until the second (VNT) and third (ELISA) month post-vaccination. Antibody titers remained high and stable until the end of the study. Moreover, cows did not show any adverse reactions or clinical symptoms of the disease. (4) Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the administration of one dose MLV vaccine was able to stimulate long-lasting (12-months) and strong antibody response in all vaccinated cows.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity in sheep of Uruguayan commercial vaccines against bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, 5 and bovine pestiviruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingryd Merchioratto ◽  
Alana de Almeida Aurélio ◽  
Janice Machado Villela ◽  
Nicole Vieira Stone ◽  
Isac Junior Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT: The serological responses induced by four commercial inactivated Uruguayan vaccines against bovine alphaherpesviruses (BoHV)-1 and -5 and bovine pestiviruses (BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and HoBiPeV) were evaluated in sheep. Thirty-seven sheep were immunized twice (day 0 and 25) and their serum samples were tested at different intervals (days 0, 25, 40, 60, and 90) post-vaccination (PV). Among the four vaccines tested, only one (G4) could induce the production of moderate neutralizing antibody titers against BoHV-1 and -5 and BVDV-1 and -2. The G3 vaccine showed a neutralizing serological response against the bovine alphaherpesviruses only. The G1 and G2 vaccines produced extremely low levels of antibodies in a few vaccinated animals only (geometric mean titers (GMT) 2.2). Similar levels of immunological responses were induced by the G4 vaccine against BoHV-1 and -5, and titers of neutralizing antibodies induced in approximately 70% of the animals are known to confer protection (GMT > 8). For bovine pestiviruses, the vaccine stimulated response of G4 against BVDV-2 was higher compared to that against BVDV-1, and extremely low for HoBiPeV. The peak of neutralizing antibodies to BoHV-1 and BVDV-1 was observed on days 40 and 60 PV, respectively. Thereafter, a remarkably decrease in neutralizing antibody response was observed at day 90 PV. These results demonstrated that tested commercial Uruguayan vaccines did not induce a serological response of adequate magnitude and duration. Thus, it is important to periodically review formulations and compositions of commercial vaccines against bovine alphaherpesviruses and pestiviruses.

scholarly journals Serological response to rabies virus induced by commercial vaccines in cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Martins ◽  
João Motta de Quadros ◽  
Eduardo Furtado Flores ◽  
Rudi Weiblen
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT: The antibody response to rabies virus (RABV) induced by commercial vaccines in heifers was investigated. For this, 84 heifers were vaccinated twice (30 days interval) with each of four vaccines (G1 = 14 animals; G2 = 24; G3 = 22 and G4 = 24) and received a booster vaccination 360 days later. Serum samples collected at different intervals after vaccination and 30 days after booster were submitted to a virus neutralizing (VN) assay for RABV antibodies. Thirty days after the second vaccine dose, 92% of the immunized animals presented VN titers ≥0.5UI/mL (geometric medium titers [GMT] 1.7 to 3.8UI/mL). At the day of the booster (360 days post-vaccination); however, the percentage of animals harboring antibody titers ≥0.5UI/mL had dropped to 31% (0-80% of the animals, depending on the vaccine), resulting in lower GMT (0.1 to 0.6UI/mL). Booster vaccination at day 360 resulted in a detectable anamnestic response in all groups, resulting in 83% of animals (65 to 100%) harboring VN titers ≥0.5UI/mL thirty days later (GMT 0.6 to 4.3UI/mL). These results indicated that these vaccines were able to induce an adequate anti-RABV response in all animals after prime vaccination (and after booster as well). However, the titers decreased, reaching titers <0.5UI/mL in approximately 70% of animals within the interval before the recommended booster. Thus, booster vaccination for rabies in cattle using the current vaccines should be performed before the recommended one-year interval, as to maintain neutralizing antibodies levels in most vaccinated animals.

scholarly journals Live Oral Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine Induces Durable Antibody Response

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Collins ◽  
Anima Adhikari ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Robert A. Kuschner ◽  
Nicos Karasavvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Military

Human adenoviruses (AdV) are mostly associated with minimal pathology. However, more severe respiratory tract infections and acute respiratory diseases, most often caused by AdV-4 and AdV-7, have been reported. The only licensed vaccine in the United States, live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine, is indicated for use in the military, nearly exclusively in recruit populations. The excellent safety profile and prominent antibody response of the vaccine is well established by placebo-controlled clinical trials, while, long-term immunity of vaccination has not been studied. Serum samples collected over 6 years from subjects co-administered live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine in 2011 were evaluated to determine the duration of the antibody response. Group geometric mean titers (GMT) at 6 years post vaccination compared to previous years evaluated were not significantly different for either AdV-4 or AdV-7 vaccine components. There were no subjects that demonstrated waning neutralization antibody (NAb) titers against AdV-4 and less than 5% of subjects against AdV-7. Interestingly, there were subjects that had a four-fold increase in NAb titers against either AdV-4 or AdV-7, at various time points post vaccination, suggesting either homotypic or heterotypic re-exposure. This investigation provided strong evidence that the live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine induced long-term immunity to protect from AdV-4 and AdV-7 infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and spatial analysis of antileptospiral agglutinins in dairy cattle - Microregion of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 2009/2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Nicolino ◽  
L.B. Lopes ◽  
R.O. Rodrigues ◽  
J.F.B. Teixeira ◽  
J.P.A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Lactating Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in the dairy herds from Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 2,915 serum samples were collected from the lactating cows of 151 properties in eleven municipalities located in the Sete Lagoas region. The Microscopic Agglutination Test was used to detect antileptospiral agglutinins. An individual animal prevalence of 20.7% (95% CI = 17.1% - 24.3%) and a herd prevalence of 80.8% (95% CI = 73.8% = 87.7%) were determined. The most prevalent serovars were hardjoprajitno at 19.4%; hardjoprajitnostrain Norma at 17.4%; and hardjo-bovis at 17.4%. These results show the significance of the hardjo serovar in bovine leptospirosis cases in Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Epidemiological Investigation of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Tai’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zilong Cheng ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Paratuberculosis, a chronic and sometimes fatal disease of ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we examined paratuberculosis cases among 2–4-year-old dairy cows at farms in Shandong Province, China. Paratuberculosis cases were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, and histopathological inspection. Characteristics of paratuberculosis in the affected dairy cattle included poor body condition, persistent diarrhea, subcutaneous edema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis, and hepatitis. Acid-fast bacilli from fecal specimens and lymphocytes were putatively identified as MAP based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based testing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. Overall, only one MAP strain was isolated from a herd with symptomatic diarrhea. However, analysis of 586 serum samples from nine herds in Tai’an City revealed that 66.7% of herds and 14.2% of animals were seropositive for MAP. Our findings suggest that paratuberculosis is widely prevalent and therefore a significant threat to the dairy industry in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China.

scholarly journals Serological prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD-1) in non-vaccinated dairy cattle in the municipality of Realeza-Paraná

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Anderson Bedin ◽  
Tatiane Sott ◽  
Fagner Luiz da Costa Freitas ◽  
Iucif Abrão Nascif Junior ◽  
Juliana Moreira Rozolen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southwest Region

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is an infectious and contagious disease affecting cattle that is responsible for causing a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from inapparent or subclinical infections to an acute and sometimes fatal disease known as mucosal disease. The agent that causes BVD is an RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus and family Flaviridae. BVD is transmitted in two different ways: horizontal, by secretions, and vertically in pregnant cows, where the cow transmits the virus to the foetus. The clinical signs depend on the affected animal, its immunological capacity, and in the case of pregnant females, the gestation phase. A gestational infection can result in several changes, such as congenital anomalies, abortion, or even the birth of so-called persistently infected (PI) animals, which are difficult to detect and have a very important epidemiological role within the herd. The southwest region of Paraná has the largest dairy basin in the state of Paraná and is predominantly composed of family farmers, many of whom adopt measures that increase the health risk of their herd. The objective of this study was to delineate the serological prevalence of non-vaccinated dairy cattle in the municipality of Royalty-PR in relation to the BVD-1 virus, as well as to evaluate the odds ratios, relative risk and risk attributable to the independent variables of breed, age and the community under study. To that end, 317 blood serum samples from non-vaccinated cows from 18 different farms, with various breeds and ages, were evaluated by virus neutralization for the detection of antibodies specific to BVD-1. The results showed that 17.03% of the animals (54/317) had positive BVD-1 serology, and 82.33% (15/18) of the farms had at least one positive animal. Animals of the Jersey breed and the Barra do Sarandi Line community had the highest epidemiological risks, with a strong association with BVD-1 infection.

scholarly journals 20 Antibody response, lesions, and performance do not differ between injection site (ischiorectal fossa or neck) after multivalent modified-live virus vaccination in Jersey steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Hannah A Seiver ◽  
Ty Lawrence ◽  
Nathan F Meyer ◽  
Dexter J Tomczak ◽  
Taylor M Smock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Ischiorectal Fossa ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Treatment Difference ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The study objective was to explore the feasibility of an alternative injection site, ischiorectal fossa (IRF), for modified-live virus (MLV) vaccination in Jersey steers. We hypothesized administration of MLV in the IRF would not cause injection site lesions and result in similar antibody response against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) compared to the neck. Jersey steers (n = 28; BW=517 ± 116 kg) were stratified by a previously assigned growth implant treatment and day-35 BVDV antibody titer and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments with injection treatment equivalently represented in each of 2 pens. Treatments consisted of: 1) 2 mL MLV vaccine administered s.c. in the neck (NECK); or 2) 2 mL MLV vaccine administered s.c. in the IRF. Blood was collected on days -35, 0, 35, 70, and 105 to determine BVDV-specific antibody titers using the virus neutralization assay and BW was recorded on the same days to determine gain performance. Steers were harvested on day 106 and examined for lesions respective to injection site. Antibody titers and performance variables were statistically analyzed via a mixed model with animal as the experimental unit. Concentration of BVDV antibody increased (P = 0.05) with time, but there was no treatment difference (P = 0.94) or treatment × day interaction (P = 0.70). There was no treatment difference for BW on any day (P ≥ 0.78). There was also no treatment difference in ADG (P ≥ 0.45). However, there was a period effect, where ADG was reduced markedly (P &lt; 0.0001) for the day 0 to 35 interim period immediately following MLV vaccination compared to day -35 to 0 (0.79 vs. 0.18 kg/d). No injection site lesions were observed during harvest and results from BVDV antibody titers and performance indicate IRF as a potential alternative route of administration for MLV vaccines.

scholarly journals Assessment of transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in the Agreste region of Pernambuco

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos ◽  
Rafael José da Silva ◽  
Thiago Arcoverde Maciel ◽  
José Augusto Bastos Afonso da Silva ◽  
Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract The transplacental transmission is the primary route of Neospora caninum infection in bovine herds around the world. This study aimed to determine the frequency of transplacental transmission of the parasite in dairy cattle of Agreste region of Pernambuco through serological tests (IFAT and ELISA). Three hundred sixteen serum samples from cows and heifers and their offspring were analyzed. The transplacental transmission rate was 72.22% (13/18) for cows and 69.23% (9/13) for heifers by IFAT. ELISA test showed transplacental transmission rate of 43.58% (17/39) for cows and 50% (9/18) for heifers. The transplacental transmission rates were similar, in both groups in test, but a higher seropositivity was found in cows by IFAT. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. A significant relationship of dependence between seropositivity of mothers and their offspring was found. The more frequent IFAT antibody titers and ELISA levels for N. caninum were, respectively, 200 and between four (cows) and five (heifers and offspring). In the Spearman correlation, no association was found between the magnitude of antibody titers for N. caninum between mothers and their offspring. The kappa test showed an index of 0.35, indicating a mild correlation between the serological tests used. The study suggests that cows and heifers are the main transmitters of N. caninum in the studied region and that vertical transmission is the major form of transmission in dairy herds of the Agreste region of Pernambuco.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of some arthropod-transmitted diseases in cattle and sheep in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Zaidoun S. Hijazeen ◽  
Zuhair Bani Ismail ◽  
Ahmad M. Al-Majali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) in dairy cattle in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A simple randomized study was designed to collect 600 serum samples from sheep and 300 serum samples from dairy cattle located in the Northwestern parts of Jordan. In addition, data regarding farm management were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire through personal interview to determine potential risk factors. The seroprevalences of BEF and BTVs were determined using serum neutralization test and BTV group-specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against BEFV in dairy cattle was 45.37%. The overall seroprevalence of BTV group-specific antibodies in sheep was 47.8% (54% true seroprevalence). Logistic regression analysis identified geographic location (Irbid) (odds ratio [OR]=1.0; confidence interval [CI]=0.5-2.1), no use of disinfectants on the farm (OR=1.0; CI=0.05-0.1), and lack of veterinary services (OR=10; CI=3.5-13.2) as risk factors associated with high seropositivity against BTV in sheep. Geographic location (Jarash) (OR=3; CI=1.0-5.5), age of the animal (1-2 years of age (OR=1; CI=0.3-1.9), and lack of veterinary services (OR=9; CI=4-11) were identified as risk factors associated with high seroprevalence against BEFV in dairy cattle. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that BEFV in dairy cattle and BTV in sheep are endemic in Northwestern regions of Jordan. Implementation of appropriate control measures is, therefore, required to reduce the adverse effects of these diseases on animal health and productivity.

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