Effect of Aureobasidium Pullulans S-2 on the Postharvest Microbiome of Tomato During Storage

Abstract Background: Biological control of fruit postharvest diseases by antagonistic microorganisms has been considered an effective alternative to chemical fungicides. The influence of microbial antagonists on fruit-associated microbiome will provide a new perspective for in-depth study of the antagonistic mechanism. In this study, the biocontrol efficacy of A. pullulans S-2 against postharvest diseases of tomatoes was investigated. Meanwhile, the fungal and bacterial microbiota on tomato surfaces were examined by high-throughput sequencing. Results: A. pullulans S-2 can significantly inhibit the decay rate, maintain fruit firmness and reduce weight loss of tomatoes. In addition, the treatment group can maintain higher titratable acid, ascorbic acid and lycopene than the control group. After using A. pullulans S-2, more dramatic changes were observed in fungal diversity than bacterial in the microbiota. Aureobasidium was significantly enriched in the treatment group, while Cladosporium, Mycosphaerella, Alternaria and Penicillium were deficient compared with the control group. Pantoea, Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, Serratia, Glutamicibacter and Pseudomonas also had significant differences between the two groups.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the application of A. pullulans S-2 resulted in alterations in the bacterial and fungal community and that could inhibit pathogens and decrease fruit disease incidence. It provides new insights into the dynamics of the tomato's surface microbiome after microbial antagonist treatment.

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Response and Dynamic Change of Microbial Community during Bioremediation of Uranium Tailings by Bacillus sp.

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11090967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 967

Author(s):

Chuiyun Tang ◽

Juan Zhong ◽

Ying Lv ◽

Xingyu Liu ◽

Yongbin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Treatment Group ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Control Group ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Remediation Strategies ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Uranium Tailings

Bacillus sp. is widely used in the remediation of uranium-contaminated sites. However, little is known about the competitive process of microbial community in the environment during bioremediation. The bioremediation of uranium tailings using Bacillus sp. was explored, and the bacterial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing at different stages of remediation. Bacillus sp. reduced the leaching of uranium from uranium tailings. The lowest uranium concentration was 17.25 μg/L. Alpha diversity revealed that the abundance and diversity of microorganisms increased with the extension of the culture time. The microbial abundance and diversity were higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The dominant species at the phyla level were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the uranium tailings environment, whereas the phylum of Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the treatment group. Based on the genus level, the proportions of Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus and Paenarthrobacter decreased significantly, whereas those of Clostridium sp., Bacillus and Pseudomonas increased dramatically. Hence, the remediation of uranium contamination in the environment was due to the functional microorganisms, which gradually became the dominant strain in the treatment, such as Desulfotomaculum, Desulfosporporosinus, Anaerocolumna, Ruminiclostridium and Burkholderia. These findings provided a promising outlook of the potential for remediation strategies of soil contaminated by uranium. The dynamic characteristics of the microbial community are likely to provide a foundation for the bioremediation process in practice.

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Effect of fucoidan on ethanol-induced liver injury and steatosis in mice and the underlying mechanism

Food & Nutrition Research ◽

10.29219/fnr.v65.5384 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meilan Xue ◽

Hui Liang ◽

Zhitong Zhou ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Xinjia He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Liver Injury ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Farnesoid X Receptor ◽

Control Group ◽

Bile Acid Metabolism ◽

Model Group

Background: Alcoholic liver disease is caused as a result of chronic alcohol consumption. In this study, we used an alcoholic liver injury mouse model to investigate the effect of fucoidan on ethanol-induced liver injury and steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: All mice were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) model group, 3) diammonium glycyrrhizinate treatment group (200 mg/kg body weight), and 4) fucoidan treatment group (300 mg/kg body weight). Administration of ethanol for 8 weeks induced liver injury and steatosis in mice. Results: Fucoidan treatment decreased serum alanine aminotransferase activity, serum total cholesterol levels, and hepatic triglyceride levels, and improved the morphology of hepatic cells. Fucoidan treatment upregulated the expression of AMPKα1, SIRT1, and PGC-1α and inhibited the expression of ChREBP and HNF-1α. The levels of hepatic IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly decreased in the fucoidan group. Further, the levels of cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in hepatic tissues were reduced in the fucoidan group as compared to the model group. Fucoidan significantly reversed the reduction of ileac Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) levels induced by alcohol- feeding and reduced CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) expression and total bile acid levels in the liver tissue. In addition, fucoidan regulated the structure of gut flora, with increased abundance of Prevotella and decreased abundance of Paraprevotella and Romboutsia as detected by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Conclusion: Fucoidan inhibited alcohol-induced steatosis and disorders of bile acid metabolism in mice through the AMPKα1/SIRT1 pathway and the gut microbiota–bile acid–liver axis and protected against alcohol- induced liver injury in vivo.

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Effect of the Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas furukawaii ZS1 on Microbiota Compositions in Grass Carp Culture Water

Water ◽

10.3390/w13101329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1329

Author(s):

Wangbao Gong ◽

Shuwei Gao ◽

Yun Zhu ◽

Guangjun Wang ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Grass Carp ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Aquaculture Water ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Microbiota Structure

Background: Although functional bacteria are widely used in aquaculture water treatment, whether they affect the indigenous microbiota and whether the impact is persistent remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the denitrification effect of Pseudomonas furukawaii ZS1 isolated from a grass carp culture pond in nitrogen-rich aquaculture water, and determine whether its effect on the microbiota structure of the aquaculture water was persistent. Methods: Three each of treatment and control groups were set up, and P. furukawaii ZS1 was added to the treatment group. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate, and the pH of each sample were measured for eight consecutive days. Changes of microbiota composition in the water were analysed via high-throughput sequencing. Results: Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations were substantially lower in the treatment group than in the control group. There were significant differences in the microbiota structure between treatment and control groups, especially on days 2–7 after adding P. furukawaii ZS1. Furthermore, significantly enriched bacterial genera in the treatment group were initially higher in number than inhibited genera, but subsequently reverted to being lower in number. Conclusions: These results provide theoretical guidance for the effective use of P. furukawaii ZS1 to control aquaculture water.

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Clostridium butyricum relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in mice induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection with chronic stress

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11585

Author(s):

Tengfei Wang ◽

Lixiang Li ◽

Shiyang Li ◽

Hongyu Zhao ◽

Junyan Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽

Clostridium Butyricum ◽

Control Group ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Citrobacter Rodentium

Background Visceral hypersensitivity is a common symptom in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), and change of the microbiota is a vital etiological factor of it. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is one of the probiotics which is reported as the active components in the treatment of IBS, especially IBS with diarrhea. Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) is an enteropathogenic bacteria which can produce self-limiting colitis in mice, which have been used to produce a PI-IBS-like mice model. Whether C. butyricum could influence the visceral hypersensitivity and gut microbiota of PI-IBS is still unknown. Our study aimed to examine whether the intervention of C. butyricum or antibiotics could affect the etiology of visceral hypersensitivity. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with the C. rodentium to induce a infective colitis. The C. butyricum and antibiotic compound were used to intervene the infected mice 3 days later. A 9-day chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) process was implemented to help induce the visceral hypersensitivity. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was assayed to indicate the visceral hypersensitivity of different groups. On the 7th, 14th, and 30th days after infection, mice feces were collected and high-throughput sequencing was carried out to analyze their gut microbiota. Results Combined, the C. rodentium infection plus chronic stress (WAS) could induce the visceral hypersensitivity in mice. Treatment of the C. butyricum after C. rodentium infection could relieve visceral hypersensitivity of mice, while no difference was observed in the antibiotic treatment group. The gut microbiota diversity of C. rodentium infected mice was similar to the uninfected mice, while there were different microbial communities structure between them. The Shannon and Chao indexes significantly decreased in the antibiotic treatment group compared to other groups at 7th, 14th, and 30th days post-infection, while treatment of C. butyricum could maintain the indexes within normal range. At day 14 after infection, the structure of microbiota headed towards normality after the C. butyricum treatment. After the WAS, the Shannon and Chao indexes of the control group decreased and the structure of microbiota changed. The C. butyricum treatment could prevent these changes of the gut microbiota induced by WAS. Conclusion C. butyricum could relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in mice induced by C. rodentium infection plus chronic stress. It could also remodel the microbiota change caused by the infection and chronic stress. It may be a more effective treatment strategy for PI-IBS than antibiotics.

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Effect of Duyun Compound Green Tea on Gut Microbiota Diversity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice Revealed by Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/8832554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Caibi Zhou ◽

Xiaolu Zhou ◽

Zhirui Wen ◽

Zaibo Yang ◽

Ren Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Green Tea ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

High Throughput ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Beneficial Bacteria

Intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) is closely related to disorders of the intestinal microbiota, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Duyun compound green tea, an ancient Chinese drink, is widely consumed to reduce weight, although the mechanism is not clear. In this study, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group (CK), HFD model control group (NK), positive control group with medicine (YK), low-dose compound tea group (DL), and high-dose compound tea group (DH). After 4 weeks of intervention, the feces of mice were taken under sterile conditions and evaluated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the diversity of intestinal microbiota was the highest in the CK group, the lowest in the NK group, and relatively increased in the compound tea treatment group. Second, there were differences in intestinal microbiota in each group, among which the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of the CK group were higher than those in the other groups, while the beneficial bacteria in each compound tea treatment group were more abundant than those in the NK group, in which harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract were found to be the highest. These results suggest that compounds in tea may be able to attenuate imbalances of intestinal microbiota induced by poor diet, acting as a therapeutic agent in obesity or other diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.

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Effect of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Tongluo Method on Intestinal Flora Expression in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.1.90 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 3174-3182

Author(s):

Wei Lu ◽

Lin Dan ◽

YingZi Xie

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Western Medicine ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Causative Factor ◽

Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Recipe (recipient for invigorating qi, activating blood and resolving phlegm) on ischemic stroke patients and its effect on intestinal flora expression through clinical study of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Recipe, and to explore its possible mechanism and provide clinical basis for its further application. Methods: 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into treatment group (30 cases, combined Chinese traditional and Western medicine) and control group (30 cases, pure Western medicine). Fecal samples were collected at 24 hours and 14 days after the onset of the disease, and 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to observe the status of the faecal samples and the changes of intestinal flora abundance. To compare whether there was a difference between the two groups at 24 hours and 14 days after the onset of the disease. To compare whether there is a difference in microbiological status between the two groups during the same time period. To compare the difference ofTCM syndrome integral between the two groups. Results: Before and after treatment of the patients with cerebral infarction in the two groups, those ranked the top six at the level of intestinal flora are: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Cyanophyta. After treatment, the abundance of Bacteroides was up-regulated, while the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was down-regulated. However, the adjustment range of treatment group with combined Chinese medicine and western medicine was larger and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The improvement ofTCM syndrome in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intestinal flora disturbance may be a potential causative factor of cerebral ischemic diseases. Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Recipe has a certain effect on the abundance of intestinal flora, and the symptom of the patients in the treatment group is improved more obviously. By regulating the intestinal flora, the patients’ internal environment is improved and the constitution is improved, which may be one of the effective mechanisms of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan Recipe.

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Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Milk Composition and Blood Mineral Status of Peripartum Buffaloes

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3631075 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 79-88

Author(s):

R. N. Patel ◽

P. C. Lailer ◽

. Vipin ◽

P. K. Soni ◽

K. Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Magnesium Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Milk Fever ◽

Calcium Status

This study aimed to determine the effect of diet formulated to provide prepartum (DCAD= -749.16 mEq/head/day) and postpartum (DCAD = 1473.56 mEq/head/day) by feeding 90 g of an anionic and 120 g cationic salt respectively, on blood mineral concentration, health, postpartum milk production and composition in buffaloes. Twenty multiparous buffaloes were enrolled 21 days before expected calving date and divided into two groups. The treatment group with 10 cows received anionic rations for - 21 day to parturition and cationic ration from parturition to +21 days, while the control group was fed a usual ration. Postpartum incidences of milk fever, dystocia, retention of placenta, mastitis as well as weekly data of milk production, and milk composition were recorded. Plasma samples obtained at days -21, -10, -1, +1, +10 and +21 relative to calving were analyzed for calcium and magnesium. Magnesium concentration was increased with reduced prepartum Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD) in the diet value being 2.77±0.13 mg/dl and 3.15±0.12 mg/dl for the control and treatment group respectively, one day before calving. Calcium concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) just one day before calving and it further higher (P<0.001) at 1, 10 and 21 days after calving in the treatment group as compared to the control group. Considerable reduction in per cent incidence of parturient paresis (10.0 vs. 20.0), and prolapse (0.0 vs. 10.0) was observed treatment group as compared to the control group. The DCAD concentration had no effect on milk yield, protein, lactose and fat corrected milk, but postpartum milk fat was significantly increased by the treatment. It may be concluded that by altering DCAD of the diet can increase postpartum milk fat with benefits in calcium status and reduced disease incidence without negatively affecting performance in periparturient buffaloes.

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A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications ◽

10.1027/1864-1105/a000057 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Florian Arendt

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Term Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Implicit Measure ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

Short Term Effect ◽

Automatic Associations ◽

Foreign Nationality ◽

The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

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Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.32831/jik.v3i1.49 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Siti Asiyah ◽

Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽

Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Fetal Organ ◽

And Control

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant. That cause of high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical. Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant

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Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i08.9588 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

Author(s):

YanuarEka P. ◽

Hendy Hendarto ◽

Widjiati .

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Mice Model ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

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