scholarly journals Effects of pesticides on maize crop using experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Munim Farooq ◽  
Mariam Zameer ◽  
Ussal Tahir ◽  
Nureen Zahra ◽  
Shazia Yaqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normal Maize ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract In the present era the production and use of pesticides has been increased enormously and it has become the need to carry out such an assessment for the evaluation of pesticides effects on animals and mankind. For that, experiment has been performed to check the biosafety issue of pesticides by experimenting them on animals and also their toxicity has been analyzed on soil and plants. For this, maize crop was selected in the confined area. Pesticide used was Talstar that belongs to a pyrethroid group, and its active ingredient is bifenthrin. Plants were sprayed with this chemical and their toxicity was then checked on the animals. For such purpose four groups of chicken and two groups of rats were selected. Groups of chicken were divided as control, normal maize, high dose pesticide, and low dose pesticide whereas rats were divided as control and experimental group. They were subjected to the feeding trial of pesticide exposed feed for 45 days. Their weights were examined, and the high dose group showed significant effects. Biochemical analysis showed variations in the group belonged to high dose pesticide group. Immense increase in the number of platelets was observed in Wister rats. Morphological and histological study showed no prominent effects. Variations were seen in the negligible factors like weight and blood but only in the groups that were subjected to the high dose of pesticide. No microbial activity was disrupted. Plant growth was satisfactory. So, it is concluded that the effects of pesticides are dependent on time and duration. Hence, pesticides have both negative and positive effects in the welfare of human well-being.

Influence of doxorubicin on lipid peroxidation and heart histology in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Джиоев ◽  
Inal Dzhioev ◽  
Джанаев ◽  
Robert Dzhanaev
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotic ◽  
Cross Striation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Experimental Group

Anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, which has proven cardiovascular toxicity, is often used in the treatment of cancer. The research project was carried out in 21 sexually mature Wistar male rats divided into three groups: control group, high-dose experimental group, in which rats were once injected intraperitoneally with doxorubicin hydrochloride at a dose of 10 mg/kg and low-dose experimental group, in which animals twice received intraperitoneal 2.5 mg/kg doses of doxorubicinhydrochloride at 10-day interval.An increase of malondialdehyde was revealed in the membranes of red blood cells in the high-dose experimental group, while in the low-dose experimental group a reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and plasma hydroperoxides as well as a decreasing of catalase activity was observed. Intake of doxorubicin also causes venous hyperemia in wide areas of myocardiumalong with increasing of cardiomyocytic cross striation.

scholarly journals Observation on the clinical effect of high-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin combined with low-dose prednisone acetate in the treatment of patients with Kawasaki Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Mei-ying Wang ◽  
Yong-nan Teng ◽  
Xiao-dan Wang ◽  
Hai-tao Cao
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Dose Prednisone

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIVIG) single dose and pulse therapy combined with small-dose prednisone acetate in the treatment of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: Eighty patients with KD from Baoding Children’s Hospital, China, were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, each with 40 cases. Patients in the experimental group were treated with HDIVIG single dose, pulse therapy combined with low-dose prednisone acetate, while patients in the control group were treated with conventional-dose immunoglobulin. Patients in both groups were treated with aspirin orally, and given symptomatic treatment including anti-inflammatory, nutritional support, correction of water and electrolyte disturbance and acid-base balance. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn from all patients at the time of admission, Day-1, Day-7 and Day-14 after treatment, and in the basic state of getting up in the morning, and then the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time of body temperature falling to normal, lymph node swelling recovery, hands and feet swelling, mucosal hyperemia regression after treatment in the two groups was recorded, and the treatment effect of the two groups was comprehensively evaluated. Results: After treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-a, CRP, IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the time of body temperature falling to normal, lymph node swelling recovery, hands and feet swelling, and mucosal hyperemia regression in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p=0.00). The effective rate of the experimental group was 95% and that of the control group was 80%, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.04). Conclusion: HDIVIG single dose, pulse therapy combined with small-dose prednisone acetate has a favourable therapeutic effect in the treatment of patients with KD, by which the inflammatory factors can be significantly improved, clinical symptoms and weight can be quickly ameliorated, and therapeutic effect can be enhanced. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4023 How to cite this:Zhang H, Wang MY, Teng YN, Wang XD, Cao HT. Observation on the clinical effect of high-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin combined with low-dose prednisone acetate in the treatment of patients with Kawasaki Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4023 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effect of exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6524-6524
Author(s):  
Barbara K Haas ◽  
Cynthia R. C. Osborne ◽  
Svetislava J. Vukelja ◽  
Jennifer Selman ◽  
Trevor Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

6524 Background: In 2018, an estimated 266,120 women faced the challenge of living with breast cancer and approximately 40,920 died from their disease. Nearly 100% of these women experienced significant treatment related side effects that negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Exercise has repeatedly demonstrated to alleviate many of the side effects, improve QOL, and decrease cancer recurrence and mortality. In spite of this evidence, women do not maintain exercise during treatment for breast cancer. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of exercising the day chemotherapy is administered on 1) the persistence with an exercise program, 2) side effects, and 3) QOL. Methods: Eligible women were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group. As part of their treatment plan, all participants were referred to one of 14 community-based exercise centers to exercise. Experimental group also exercised at one of two cancer centers each day chemotherapy was administered. Outcome measures include exercise retention and chemotherapy, completion; cancer-related fatigue, nausea/vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, weight gain, and QOL. Outcome measures were assessed prior to every second course of chemotherapy and 3- and 6-months post-chemotherapy. Results: 273 women with Stage I-III breast cancer receiving chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. The number of participants who withdrew from exercise was higher among those in the control group (n= 16; 12.4%) compared with those in the experimental group (n = 10; 6.9%). At cycle 5, those in the experimental group reported less motor peripheral neuropathy than those in the control group (p = .018) and higher physical well-being scores than those in the control group (p = .047). Conclusions: The highest impact of the intervention was on attrition from exercise. Since participants in both the control and experimental groups exercised throughout chemotherapy, it is not surprising that the groups performed comparably with regard to side effects and QOL. Given the positive effects exercise has demonstrated on persons receiving cancer treatment in numerous studies, having patients exercise in the cancer center on the day of chemotherapy is a significant step toward engaging persons receiving chemotherapy in an exercise program.

scholarly journals Sub-Chronic Toxicity Study of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Telfairia Occidentalis Hook. F. (Cucurbitaceae) in Rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidemi J. Akindele ◽  
Joy A. Oladimeji-Salami ◽  
Ramon A. Oyetola ◽  
Daniel D. Osiagwu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
The Brain

Background: The leaf of Telfairia occidentalis Hook f. (Cucurbitaceae) is consumed in different parts of Nigeria because of the numerous nutritional and medicinal attributes ascribed to it. The sub-chronic toxicity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis (TO) was investigated in this study. Methods: Rats in different groups were separately administered 80, 400 and 2000 mg/kg TO p.o. for 60 days. Animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Vital organs were harvested and evaluated for in vivo antioxidants and histopathological changes. Results: Results showed no significant changes in the weight of vital organs except in respect of the testes of the group treated with 2000 mg/kg extract which showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in weight compared to the control group. There was a significant (p&lt;0.01) increase in sperm motility and count of the group administered 80 mg/kg extract and a significant (p&lt;0.001) reduction was observed at 2000 mg/kg. There were significant increases in the level of Hb and PCV at 80 and 2000 mg/kg of the extract. In respect of liver function parameters, a significant decrease in AST and ALT levels at doses of 400 and 2000 mg/kg relative to control was observed. A significant reduction (p&lt;0.05) in the level of total cholesterol (400 mg/kg) and increase (p&lt;0.05) in level of HDL (80-2000 mg/kg) compared to control was observed. There was also significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the level of MDA and significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in SOD level in the testes at 2000 mg/kg. Histopathological assessment of the testes revealed abnormality at this dose. These effects were reversed after 30 days of cessation of administration of TO. Conclusions: The findings showed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis is relatively non-toxic on acute and sub-chronic exposure, with potential to elicit anti-anaemic effect, reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and enhance antioxidant status in the brain and liver. Although possibly beneficial at low dose, the extract could be harmful to the testes on prolonged oral exposure at high dose.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on five cytochrome P450 isozymes with cocktail probe drugs in rats by LC–MS/MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharides ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) are commonly used as health-promoting medicine and dietary supplement due to the positive effects in immune modulation, antitumor and antioxidant activities. However, whether GLPs executes other uncharacterized effects is largely unclear. The rats were pre-primed with GLPs and then administrated with canonical “cocktail probes” of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes including caffeine, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, omeprazole, and midazolam. The plasma concentrations of probes at each indicated time point were simultaneously detected using the designed high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method. The results suggested that GLPs could increase the accumulated levels of caffeine, tolbutamide and midazolam in plasma as compared to control group. Besides, GLPs reduced the concentration of dextromethorphan in blood at high dose, while elevated it at low dose. GLPs could inhibit the activities of CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, additionally; GLPs at low dose suppressed the activity of CYP2D6, which demonstrated that drugs co-administrated with GLPs might require strictly evaluating the dose relation.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF POSITIVE EFFECTS OF YOGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Taekyoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

In this study, the objective was to test the influence of Yoga on diabetes patients by comparing the pre and post-test scores of subjective well-being. The study nature is pre and post experimental design. We used two groups including control group and the experimental group or group on which intervention is administered. The intervention in this case is the Yoga exercise. The sampling is based on convenience non-random sampling consisted of 30 patients who were diabetic patients. For experiment purpose, we divided the group into two equal parts including control group and the experiment group. The data is collected from survey method and target of the survey was diabetic type II patients. The duration of the study was 6 months. The results show that for experimental group, subjective wellbeing in the pre-test score was 153.73 which increased to 172.84 in post-test. In control group, the mean score of subjective-wellbeing in pre-test was 154.71 while in post-test, the score was 155.56. This result shows that in control group, the subjective wellbeing did not change much compare to the experiment group. The results support the notion that Yoga if administered can help diabetic patients in reducing the overall wellbeing including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions.

scholarly journals Improving Reproductive Performance and Health of Mammals Using Honeybee Products

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Eman M. Hassanein ◽  
Jesus Simal-Gandara
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Health And Well Being

Honeybee products have positive effects on the reproductive performance of mammals. Many honeybee product constituents are biologically active, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifungal, wound-healing, and cardio-protective properties. Honeybee products also improve male and female fertility rates by enhancing gamete cryopreservation, in vitro maturation and fertilization, and embryo development. Previously published studies confirmed their efficacy for alleviating reproductive toxicity caused by contaminants and lifestyle habits that impair overall health and well-being. However, high-dose oral administration of honeybee products may adversely affect the reproductive system, and unfavorable effects were alleviated by treatment cessation. For this reason, this review proposes that bioactive components from bee products can be used as a strategy for improving the reproductive performance and health of mammals.

scholarly journals Individualized guidance and telephone monitoring in a self-supervised home-based physiotherapeutic program in Parkinson

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-568
Author(s):  
Ihana Thaís Guerra de Oliveira Gondim ◽  
Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly Lins ◽  
Nadja Maria Jorge Asano ◽  
Amdore Guescel C Asano ◽  
Etenildo Dantas Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Introduction: Home therapeutic exercises have been a target of interest in the treatment of the Parkinson's disease (PD). The way that the physical therapist guides and monitors these exercises can impact the success of therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effects of individualized orientation and monitoring by telephone in a self-supervised home therapeutic exercise program on signs and symptoms of PD and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Single-blind randomized clinical trials with 28 people with PD (Hoehn and Yahr 1 to 3). Patients were randomized into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group had a meeting with individualized guidance about physiotherapy exercises present in a manual, received the manual to guide their activities at home and obtained subsequent weekly monitoring by telephone. The control group received the usual cares by the service. Both were orientated to carry out exercises three times a week during 12 weeks. Was evaluated: (1) activities of daily living (ADL) and motor examination sections of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and QoL by the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39). The analysis between groups was performed by the Mann-Whitney test and intragroup through the Wilcoxon (p < 0.05). Results: Significant improvement in ADL (p= 0.001) and motor examination (p= 0.0008) of the UPDRS, PDQ-39 total (p = 0.027) and dimensions mobility (p = 0.027), emotional well-being (p= 0.021) and bodily discomfort (p = 0.027) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The individualized guidance and weekly monitoring by telephone in a self-supervised home therapeutic exercises program promoted positive effects on ADL, motor examination and QoL of people in early stages of PD.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

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