scholarly journals Correlation Between SMADs and Colorectal Cancer Expression, Prognosis, and Immune Infiltrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Hongbiao Luo ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Tianshu Peng ◽  
Yanru Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
R Language ◽  
Signal Transduction Protein ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Intracellular Signal ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: In current years, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced metastatic CRC is poor. The Small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) superfamily is an intracellular signal transduction protein associated with the development and prognosis of a variety of tumors. At present, no study has systematically analyzed the relationship between SMADs and CRC.Methods: Here, R3.6.3 was used to analyze the expression of SMADs in pan-cancer and CRC. Protein expression of SMADs were analyzed by HPA. GEPIA was used to evaluate the correlation between SMADs and tumor stage in CRC. The effect of R language and GEPIA on prognosis was analyzed. Mutation rates of SMADs in CRC were determined by c-BioPortal and potentially related genes were predicted using GeneMANIA. R analysis was used for correlation with immune cell infiltration in CRC.Results: Both SMAD1 and SMAD2 were found to be weak expression in CRC and correlated with immune invasion level. SMAD1 was correlated with patient prognosis, and SMAD2 was correlated with tumor stage. SMAD3, SMAD4 and SMAD7 were all low expressed in CRC and associated with a variety of immune cells. SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins were also low expressed, and SMAD4 had the highest mutation rate. SMAD5 and SMAD6 were overexpressed in CRC, and SMAD6 was also associated with patient OS and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Conclusions: Our results reveal innovative and strong evidence that SMADs can be used as biomarkers for the treatment and prognosis of CRC.

scholarly journals MicroRNA, Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Hsiuying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Regulation ◽  
Inhibit Cell Proliferation ◽  
Improve Glucose Tolerance

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrinological disorder that is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the body does not respond appropriately to insulin. There are many complications of DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition to these complications, DM was reported to be associated with different cancers. In this review, we discuss the association between DM and colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide that mostly affects older people, however, its incidence and mortality are rising among young people. We discuss the relationship between DM and CRC based on their common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing important functions in cell differentiation, development, regulation of cell cycle, and apoptosis. miRNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells. miRNAs also can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, investigating the common miRNA biomarkers of both DM and CRC can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated and more understanding of the link between these two diseases can help the prevention of both DM and CRC.

scholarly journals SERPINE1 associated with remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer progression: a novel therapeutic target

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaokun Wang ◽  
Li Pang ◽  
Zuolong Liu ◽  
Xiangwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The change of immune cell infiltration essentially influences the process of colorectal cancer development. The infiltration of immune cells can be regulated by a variety of genes. Thus, modeling the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer by analyzing the genes involved can be more conducive to the in-depth understanding of carcinogenesis and the progression thereof. Methods In this study, the number of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumor tissues were first estimated by using expression data (ESTIMATE) and cell-type identification with relative subsets of known RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) to calculate the proportion of infiltrating immune cell and stromal components of colon cancer samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then the relationship between the TMN Classification and prognosis of malignant tumors was evaluated. Results By investigating differentially expressed genes using COX regression and protein-protein interaction network (PPI), the candidate hub gene serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1) was found to be associated with immune cell infiltration. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) further projected the potential pathways with elevated SERPINE1 expression to carcinogenesis and immunity. CIBERSORT was subsequently utilized to investigate the relationship between the expression differences of SERPINE1 and immune cell infiltration and to identify eight immune cells associated with SERPINE1 expression. Conclusion We found that SERPINE1 plays a role in the remodeling of the colon cancer microenvironment and the infiltration of immune cells.

scholarly journals The Impact of KPNA2 on Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangzhe Yan ◽  
Mingang He ◽  
Haoxin Shi ◽  
Haipeng Wang ◽  
Miao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
High Level ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with the highest mortality globally. At present, there is no exact biomarker to predict the prognosis and clinicopathological monitoring of CRC patients. Recent studies on the relationship of Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) expression and the prognosis of CRC has gradually become a hot spot while the results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze and assess the prognostic role of KPNA2 in CRC patients. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese Medical Database were systematically searched. The cohort study of high-level expression of KNPA2 and low-level expression of KPNA2 in CRC patients was included, the relevant data were extracted and the literature quality was evaluated. At the same time, the relationship between KPNA2 expression level and the overall survival (OS), the clinicopathological stage of CRC patients was studied. Meta-analysis was carried out by Stata MP 17.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) software. Results: A total of 7 cohort studies involving 1166 patients were included. The analysis results showed that higher KPNA2 expression was significantly associated with higher tumor stage (OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.42–2.54), higher degree of tumor invasion (OR=2.14，95% CI 1.55-2.94), more lymph node metastasis (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.68-2.88) and more distant metastasis (OR=3.66，95% CI 1.81-7.40). Moreover, higher KPNA2 expression was significantly associated with the shorter OS (HR=2.31, 95%CI 1.46-3.68).Conclusion: KPNA2 overexpression is an unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC patients. It could serve as a prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.

The effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence in African Americans.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4085-4085
Author(s):  
Oluwadunni Emiloju ◽  
Djeneba Audrey Djibo ◽  
Jean G Ford
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Relationship

4085 Background: From 2011 to 2016, the incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer(CRC) were highest among African Americans(AA), compared to other US racial/ethnic groups. Long-term aspirin use is recommended as a strategy to reduce the risk of CRC. Yet, there is scant information on the chemopreventive effect of aspirin among AA. It is imperative to assess whether the reported chemo-preventive effect also occurs in AA. Our central hypothesis is that aspirin use in AA is associated with a lower incidence of CRC, irrespective of race/ethnicity. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis, using data from AA participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities(ARIC) longitudinal study, who did not have CRC at enrollment, from 1987 to 1998. We extracted demographic, clinical and mortality data to compare the incidence of CRC among participants taking aspirin compared to those who were not taking aspirin, stratified by age, tobacco use, and body mass index. All-cause mortality and CRC mortality will also be assessed, and we will use Cox proportional hazard regression to determine the relationship between aspirin use and CRC incidence, and mortality. Results: At baseline in 1987, 15,026 participants enrolled in the ARIC study, 25% of whom were AA, median age 54(range 44-66), including 46.7% who reported using aspirin. We analyzed follow-up data from 10,960 participants in 1996-1998, 20% of whom were AA, and 56.9% of whom were taking aspirin. Non-AA participants were more likely to report using aspirin at baseline and follow-up, compared to AA, 53% vs 30% and 59% vs 50% respectively. After 10years, the total incidence of CRC in AA participants was 1% compared with 1.1% in non-AA(p = 0.7). There was no difference in CRC incidence by aspirin use among all participants, and when stratified by race(among all participants p = 0.81, amongAA p = 0.68, among non-AA p = 0.94). Conclusions: We found no difference in the incidence of CRC among AA compared to Caucasians, by aspirin use. Investigation of consistency and/or dose of aspirin use by race may provide further insights on the relationship between aspirin use and CRC incidence, comparing AA to Caucasians.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Disparities in New Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoffman ◽  
David K. Espey ◽  
Robert L. Rhyne ◽  
Melissa Gonzales ◽  
Ashwani Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background.Previous analyses indicated that New Mexican Hispanics and American Indians (AI) did not experience the declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates observed among non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We evaluated more recent data to determine whether racial/ethnic differences persisted.Methods.We used New Mexico Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data from 1995 to 2009 to calculate age-specific incidence rates and age-adjusted incidence rates overall and by tumor stage. We calculated mortality rates using National Center for Health Statistics’ data. We used joinpoint regression to determine annual percentage change (APC) in age-adjusted incidence rates. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and gender.Results.Incidence rates continued declining in NHW (APC −1.45% men, −1.06% women), while nonsignificantly increasing for AI (1.67% men, 1.26% women) and Hispanic women (0.24%). The APC initially increased in Hispanic men through 2001 (3.33%,P=0.06), before declining (−3.10%,P=0.003). Incidence rates declined in NHW and Hispanics aged 75 and older. Incidence rates for distant-stage cancer remained stable for all groups. Mortality rates declined significantly in NHW and Hispanics.Conclusions.Racial/ethnic disparities in CRC persist in New Mexico. Incidence differences could be related to risk factors or access to screening; mortality differences could be due to patterns of care for screening or treatment.

scholarly journals Obesitas dengan Kanker Kolorektal, Bagaimana Keterkaitan Keduanya?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-22
Author(s):  
Ridwan Balatif ◽  
Nenni Dwi Aprianti Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Search Method ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current

Background: Obesity is still a frequent health problem. This condition of obesity has even increased both globally and nationally. It is feared that the increase in obesity cases will increase other disease conditions such as colorectal cancer. Objectives: This article will provide an overview of the relationship between obesity and the incidence of colorectal cancer so as to provide a current, easy-to-understand picture of obesity and colorectal cancer. Methods: This article was written using the literature search method. Sources of information are taken from E-books, websites, and search engines. Information taken in the period 2013-2020. Discussion: It is suspected that obesity through a chronic inflammatory process will cause cell DNA damage so that it is at risk of triggering cancer. Until now, there are 13 types of cancer that are closely related to the incidence of obesity. This condition of obesity in addition to increasing a person's risk of developing colorectal cancer, it can also increase the risk of death in obese individuals with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Obesity condition increases the risk of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer cases. Keywords: cancer, literature searching, obesity   Latar Belakang: Obesitas sampai saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang sering terjadi. Kondisi obesitas ini bahkan mengalami peningkatan baik secara global maupun nasional. Peningkatan kasus obesitas ini dikhawatirkan akan meningkatkan kondisi penyakit lain seperti kanker kolorektal. Tujuan: Artikel ini akan memberikan pemaparan mengenai kaitan obesitas dengan kejadian kanker kolorektal sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran terkini yang mudah dipahami mengenai obesitas dan kanker kolorektal. Metode: Artikel ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode pencarian literatur. Sumber informasi diambil dari E-book, website, dan search engine. Informasi yang diambil dalam rentang tahun 2013-2020. Pembahasan: Diduga obesitas dengan melalui proses inflamasi kronik akan mengakibatkan kerusakan DNA sel sehingga berisiko mencetuskan kanker. Sampai saat ini terdapat 13 jenis kanker yang berkaitan erat dengan kejadian obesitas. Kondisi obesitas ini selain akan meningkatkan risiko seseorang untuk mengalami kanker kolorektal, juga dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian pada individu yang mengalami kanker kolorektal dengan obesitas. Kesimpulan: Kondisi obesitas meningkatkan  risiko kejadian dan mortalitas kasus kanker kolorektal. Kata Kunci: kanker, obesitas, pencarian literatur

scholarly journals MicroRNA-9-5p-CDX2 Axis: A Useful Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Nishiuchi ◽  
Shigeo Hisamori ◽  
Masazumi Sakaguchi ◽  
Keita Fukuyama ◽  
Nobuaki Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cdx2 Expression ◽  
Homeobox Transcription Factor ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship

A lack of caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) protein expression has been proposed as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationship between CDX2 levels and the survival of patients with stage II/III CRC along with the relationship between microRNAs (miRs) and CDX2 expression are unclear. Tissue samples were collected from patients with stage II/III CRC surgically treated at Kyoto University Hospital. CDX2 expression was semi-quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prognostic impacts of CDX2 expression on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were evaluated by multivariable statistical analysis. The expression of miRs regulating CDX2 expression and their prognostic impacts were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas Program for CRC (TCGA-CRC). Eleven of 174 CRC tissues lacked CDX2 expression. The five-year OS and RFS rates of patients with CDX2-negative CRC were significantly lower than those of CDX2-positive patients. Multivariate analysis of clinicopathological features revealed that CDX2-negative status is an independent marker of poor prognosis in stage II/III CRC. miR-9-5p was shown to regulate CDX2 expression. TCGA-CRC analysis showed that high miR-9-5p expression was significantly associated with poor patient prognosis in stage II/III CRC. In conclusion, CDX2, the post-transcriptional target of microRNA-9-5p, is a useful prognostic biomarker in patients with stage II/III CRC.

scholarly journals VEGF Expression in Colorectal Cancer Metastatic Lymph Nodes: Clinicopathological Correlation and Prognostic Significance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
Inês Mazeda ◽  
Sandra F. Martins ◽  
Eduardo A. Garcia ◽  
Mesquita Rodrigues ◽  
Adhemar Longatto
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
New Information ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Angiogenesis plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Methods: The present series consisted of CRC lymph node metastasis (LNM) tissue samples from 210 patients. Archival paraffin embedded LNM tissue were used to build up tissue microarray blocks and VEGF expression was immunohistochemically assessed. Results: VEGF-A and VEGF-C are overexpressed in LNM. VEGF-A was associated with patient age (p < 0.001), and VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 with CRC relapse (p = 0.032; p = 0.030, respectively). VEGF-C positivity was associated with VEGFR-3 positivity (p = 0.031), and VEGF-D with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 (p ≤ 0.001). Matching the expression in LNM with CRC, in CRC VEGF-A positivity associates with VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-R2, VEGF-R3 positivity in LNM; CRC VEGF-C with VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3; CRC VEGFR-2 with VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3; CRC VEGFR-3 with VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 in LNM. Conclusion: This study provides new information, revealing that VEGF family expression is increased in LNM. The association between the expression of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in LNM with CRC relapse reveals its impact on patient prognosis. Interesting data were found when the relationship between these proteins in primary tumor and their metastasis, were analyzed; VEGFA positivity in primary tumor is positively related to VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in their respective LNM suggesting mutual influence.

scholarly journals KLHL5 Is a Prognostic-Related Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulin Wu ◽  
Guobing Yin ◽  
Jinwei Lei ◽  
Jiao Tian ◽  
Ailin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kaplan Meier Plotter

Background: KLHL5 (Kelch Like Family Member 5) is differentially expressed in gastric cancer, but its correlation with prognosis and functioning mechanism in gastric cancer remain unclear.Methods: The Oncomine database and TIMER were employed to appraise the KLHL5 expression in a variety of cancers. The correlation between KLHL5 expression and patient prognosis was extracted from the Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEPIA, and PrognoScan database. Then the relationship between KLHL5 expression and inflammatory infiltrate profiles was inquired by TIMER. Finally, GEPIA and TIMER were explored for the correlative significance between KLHL5 expression and immune cell–related marker sets.Results: KLHL5 was found to be differentially expressed and correlated with clinical outcomes in several types of cancers in the TCGA database. Especially, KLHL5 mRNA expression was upregulated and correlated with poorer overall survival and progression-free survival in gastric cancer. Moreover, elevated KLHL5 expression was significantly related with patient node stage, infiltration level, and expression of multiple immune marker sets.Conclusions: These results implicate that KLHL5 expression is closely linked with patient clinical outcomes and the microenvironmental infiltration level in different neoplasms. This indicates that KLHL5 is a modulator in infiltrate recruitment, shaping the landscape of immune cell infiltration. Thus, it represents an eligible prognostic predictor for gastric malignancy.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers: Where Are We Now?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gonzalez-Pons ◽  
Marcia Cruz-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Western World ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Patient survival is highly dependent on the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. Reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy is still a major obstacle in effective treatment of advanced disease. Due to the fact that colorectal cancer is mostly asymptomatic until it progresses to advanced stages, the implementation of screening programs aimed at early detection is essential to reduce incidence and mortality rates. Current screening and diagnostic methods range from semi-invasive procedures such as colonoscopy to noninvasive stool-based tests. The combination of the absence of symptoms, the semi-invasive nature of currently used methods, and the suboptimal accuracy of fecal blood tests results in colorectal cancer diagnosis at advanced stages in a significant number of individuals. Alterations in gene expression leading to colorectal carcinogenesis are reflected in dysregulated levels of nucleic acids and proteins, which can be used for the development of novel, minimally invasive molecular biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to discuss the commercially available colorectal cancer molecular diagnostic methods as well as to highlight some of the new candidate predictive and prognostic molecular markers for tumor, stool, and blood samples.

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