scholarly journals Nitrate-Nitrogen Sufficiency Ranges in Leaf Petiole Sap of Brassica oleracea L., Pac Choi Grown with Organic and Conventional Fertilizers

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-368
Author(s):  
May Elfar Altamimi ◽  
Rhonda R. Janke ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Nathan O. Nelson ◽  
Leigh W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Pac Choi ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Petiole Sap

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the response of Brassica oleracea L., pac choi to fertilizer rates and sources and to establish optimal soluble nitrogen (N) application rates and nitrate meter sufficiency ranges. Conventional soluble fertilizer was formulated from inorganic salts with a 4:1 NO3-N:NH4-N ratio. Phosphorus (P) was held at 1.72 mm and potassium (K) at 0.83 mm for all treatment levels. The organic soluble fertilizer, fish hydrolyzate (2N–1.72P–0.83K), was diluted to provide the same N levels as with conventional treatments. Both fertilizers were applied at N rates of 0, 32, 75, 150, 225, 300, and 450 mg·L−1. Seedlings were transplanted and fertilizer application began at 18 days. Plants were harvested at 7 weeks (5 weeks post-transplanting) after receiving 15 fertilizer applications during production. Samples of the most recently matured leaves were harvested weekly and analyzed for petiole sap NO3-N and leaf blade total N concentration. Leaf count, leaf length, and chlorophyll content were also measured weekly. Fresh and dry weights were determined on whole shoots and roots. Optimum yield was achieved at the 150-mg·L−1 fertility rate with both conventional and organic fertilizers. Field and high tunnel experiments were conducted to validate the sufficiency ranges obtained from the greenhouse studies. Sufficiency levels of NO3-N for pac choi petiole sap during Weeks 2 to 3 of production were 800 to 1500 mg·L−1 and then dropped to 600 to 1000 mg·L−1 during Weeks 4 through harvest for both conventional and organic fertilizers sources. Total N in leaf tissue was less responsive to fertilizer rate effects than petiole sap NO3-N. Chlorophyll content was not useful in evaluating pac choi N status. These guidelines will provide farmers with information for leaf petiole sap NO3-N to guide in-season N applications.

scholarly journals Terede (Lepidium Sativum L.) Bitki Sıklığının Verim ve Yaprak Kalitesine Etkisi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Dilek Yılmaz ◽  
Atnan Uğur
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Plant Densities

This study was carried out in greenhouse and laboratories of Department of Horticulture (Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey) in 2013-2014 production seasons in Ordu ecological condition. Commercial garden cress standard seeds were used as plant materials. Plant densities were calculated upon the seed quantity spread on 1 m2, and seeds were sown for 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g per m2. Peat: perlite mix prepared in proportion of 3:1 was used as the growing medium and filled in 50×16×14 cm sized plastic pots. The garden cress plants were harvested on the 45th day after seeding. The yield, leaf petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content of the harvested plants were determined. It has been determined that quality parameters vary depending on plant density and varieties. The highest plant yield was obtained from “BT Bu-ter” garden cress variety with 2.489.2 g/m2. The plant yield in different plant densities was increased in the rates varying between 3.31% and 8.25%. The increasing plant densities caused an increase in yield but negatively affected the leaf quality in terms of both length and chlorophyll content. Leaf width, leaf length, leaf petiole length and chlorophyll content were decreased depending on the increase in plant densities. Based on the information obtained, it was considered useful to choose a plant densities based on the variety and growing season according to the growing purpose.

ABONOS ORGÁNICOS Y SU EFECTO EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE LA COL (Brassica oleracea L)/ ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND THEIR EFFECT ON GRAIN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea L.)

Biotecnia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Juan José Reyes Pérez ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Luna Murillo ◽  
Mariana del Rocío Reyes Bermeo ◽  
Geovanny Suárez Fernández ◽  
Carmen Isabel Ulloa Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sheet Width ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Los abonos orgánicos constituyen una de las alternativas en el grupo de productos utilizados en la agricultura sustentable, fundamentalmente aquellos que se obtienen a partir de fuentes orgánicas de carácter reciclables como la composta y la vermicomposta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de abonos orgánicos en el crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas de col verde. Los tratamientos aplicados fueron vermicomposta, Jacinto de agua, y la combinación 50% vermicomposta y 50% Jacinto de agua y un control, mediante un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de la planta, número de hojas, largo de hojas, ancho de hojas, peso y circunferencia del repollo. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de Jacinto de agua en plantas de col verde estimuló las variables altura de la planta con 23.80 cm, número de hojas con 11.16, largo de hojas con 21.06 cm, ancho de hojas con 17.43 cm y el pesó y circunferencia del repollo con 388.86 55.53 cm respectivamente, sin diferir de la vermicomposta y la mezcla entre ambos. ABSTRACTOrganic fertilizers are one of the alternatives in the group of products used in sustainable agriculture, primarily that which is obtained from organic sources of recyclable nature as compost and vermicompost. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and development of plants of green cabbage. The treatments applied were vermicompost, water hyacinth, and the combination 50% vermicompost and 50% water hyacinth control through a completely randomized design with four replications. The evaluated variables were plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, weight and circumference of cabbage. The results showed that the use of water hyacinth plants stimulated variables green cabbage plant height with 23.80 cm, number of sheets 11.16, along with 21.06 cm sheets, sheet width 17.43 cm and weight and girth cabbage  with 55.53 g 388.86 cm respectively, without differ from the vermicompost and the mixture between them.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OFF-SEASON CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) IN ARGHAKHANCHI, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Sapana Parajuli ◽  
Biplov Oli ◽  
Surya Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Doses

The research was conducted at Beltari Sandhikharka-10, Arghakhanchi district to study about the effect of various doses of boron on growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) during off-season from February to June in 2020. Five treatments; B0 (control/no application), B1: 2kg/ha, B2: 4kg/ha, B3: 6kg/ha, B4: 8kg/ha which are the different doses of boron application were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant leaf length and leaf breadth of largest leaf were recorded multiple times with 15 days interval. Days to curd initiation and Days from curd initiation to harvest were recorded by regular field observation. The yield parameters; curd weight with leaves, Marketable curd weight, average curd yield, incidence of hollowing were recorded during harvest. The economics from application of boron doses in cauliflower production was obtained in terms of cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. The result showed that the growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower were significantly affected by application of boron in which the value of these parameters was found significantly higher in B1 followed by other treatments. The average curd yield of cauliflower in B1 was found to be 12.39 mt/ha which was 48.92% higher than that of B0 with curd yield 8.32 mt/ha. Similarly, the net return was found significantly the highest in B1 and the lowest in B0. The result showed that application of boron in the range of 2-4 kg/ha is preferred to control and higher doses in respect of both productivity and economics.

Responses of natural 15N abundance in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) and soil to the application of organic and chemical fertilizers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Guoqing Hu ◽  
Yanhong Lou ◽  
Zhihui Su ◽  
Yuping Zhuge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
15N Abundance

Natural nitrogen isotope abundance (δ15N) has been suggested as a potential indicator for discriminating organic vegetables from their conventional counterparts. However, little is known about the δ15N characteristic of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) under organic production and how the application of chemical fertilizers could affect this characteristic. In this study, δ15N characteristics of cauliflower (including the intra-plant δ15N characteristic) and soil under different fertilization treatments were investigated under field conditions. Five treatments were laid out: control, chemical fertilizers (F4M0), organic fertilizer (F0M4), and chemical fertilizer in combination with organic fertilizer at the ratio of 3:1 (F3M1) and 1:3 (F1M3). Results showed that plant δ15N was positively correlated with fertilizer δ15N and plant root/flower was more sensitive to changes of fertilizer δ15N and soil δ15N than leaf/stem. Distribution of δ15N in different plant parts (especially in flower and leaf) was significantly changed when organic fertilizers were partially or totally substituted by chemical fertilizers, suggesting a comparison of flower δ15N and leaf δ15N might be applicable for the organic identification of marketed cauliflowers. Our results provide fundamental data for the soil- and fertilizer-specific crop δ15N database and indicate that the intra-plant δ15N characteristic could be helpful for organic cauliflower identification.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Practices to Enhance Seed Production by `Anaheim Chili' Peppers

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Payero ◽  
M.S. Bhangoo ◽  
J.J. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Total Seed

The effects of six applied N treatments differing by rates and frequencies of application on the yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili') grown for seed was studied. The timing of N applications was based on crop phenology, leaf petiole nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (NO3-N) minimum thresholds, and scheduled calendar applications of fixed amounts of N. Solubilized NH4NO3 was applied through a trickle-irrigation system to ensure uniform and timely applications of N. Rate of mature (green and red) fruit production was unaffected by any treatment except weekly applications of 28 kg·ha-1 of N, which stopped production of mature fruit before all other treatments. Early season floral bud and flower production increased with increasing amounts of N. The two highest total N treatments produced more floral buds and flowers late in the season than the other treatments. Total fruit production was maximized at 240 kg N/ha. Differences in total fruit production due to frequency of N application resulted at the highest total N level. Red fruit production tended to be maximized with total seasonal applied N levels of 240 kg·ha-1 and below, although weekly applications of N reduced production. Total seed yield was a function of red fruit production. Pure-1ive seed (PLS) production was a function of total seed production. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for red fruit production also decreased with N rates >240 kg·ha-1, but PLS yield and NUE decreased in a near-linear fashion as the amount of total seasonal applied N increased, regardless of application frequency. Season average NO3-N (AVE NO3-N) values >4500 mg·kg-1 had total seed and PLS yields less than those treatments <4000 mg·kg-1. Six-day germination percentage was reduced with weekly N applications of 14 kg·ha-1. Seed mass was reduced with weekly N applications of 28 kg·ha-1. Final germination percent, seedling root length and weight, and field emergence were unaffected by any of the N treatments. These findings indicate that different N management strategies are needed to maximize seed yield compared to fruit yield and, therefore, there may be an advantage to growing `Anaheim Chili' pepper specifically for seed.

scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Selvia Dewi Pohan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) had been identified as a nutritious vegetable with high demand in Indonesia. Besides, this plant also has been evidenced to play an important role in environmental cleaning as phytoremediator. The study about the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) has been conducted in the Green House of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan. The study aims to investigate the most effective type of fertilizers and the dose for water spinach’s (Ipomoea reptans Poir) growth and yield. A Completely Randomized Factorial Design was designed for the experiment with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor is the type of fertilizer (chicken manure, cow manure, and compost), and the second factor is the dose of the fertilizer (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1). The parameters such as plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf’s total chlorophyll content, and water content were measured to evaluate plant growth and yield. The General Linear Model used SPSS 21 programs was applied to analyze the collected data. Study results revealed that cow manure increased plant growth and yield significantly with dose 2:1 as the finest treatment, followed by dose 3:1. Cow manure also increased total chlorophyll content (8.0574c mg. L-1), with the most suitable dose was 2:1 (8.2807 mg. L-1). The plant’s water content tended to be high in chicken manure (93%), and the lower water content was in cow manure with dose 3:1 (87.5%).

scholarly journals Nitrogen Uptake by Table Beet—Validation of a Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Feller ◽  
Matthias Fink
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities

To reduce nitrogen (N) losses from vegetable fields, fertilizer recommendations should be adjusted according to the large range in yield and thus in N uptake of vegetable crops. Therefore, a model was used to predict total N uptake based on expected yield. The model has been validated successfully in a series of studies for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera), white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes). The objective of this study was to validate the model for table beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva), a crop with a considerable variability in N uptake, which is caused by a large potential range of selecting sowing dates, plant densities and cultivars. Field experiments were carried out over two years. Fifty-five combinations of N fertilizer levels, plant densities, cultivars and sowing dates were tested. Plants were sampled at 2- or 3-week intervals, and fresh matter, dry matter and N content of leaves and roots were measured. Crop specific model parameters for table beets were determined from independent data. The model wverestimated N uptake for N-limiting conditions, but for optimally fertilized table beets measured and estimated N uptake showed a close correlation (R2 = 0.93) when total yield was used as an input parameter for the model. Although the error of estimation (35 kg·ha-1) was considerable, studies with other vegetable crops using the model found the error even higher if other tools, such as look-up tables, were used for predicting N uptake.

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