scholarly journals Volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma sp. morphophysiologically altered maize growth at initial stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Juliana Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Evandro Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Rodrigo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
João Henrique da Silva Luz ◽  
Bruno Henrique di Napoli Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Volatile Organic

Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are important microorganisms for increasing plant growth. However, few studies have evaluated the potential of volatile compounds produced by the fungus Trichoderma spp. and it's potential as promoters and beneficiaries with respect to maize cultivation. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of volatile compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. and their potential for morphophysiological improvement in the initial growth of corn crops. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme (2x6+1), arranged in a completely randomized design, with two evaluation times (7 and 15 days after emergence (DAE) and five Trichoderma spp. isolates (plus one control). The isolates were classified as the following species and identified with the following codes: UFT-25: Trichoderma harzianum; UFT-37: Trichoderma pinnatium; UFT-57: Trichoderma virens; UFT-201: Trichoderma asperellum and UFT-204: Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The volatile compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. and inoculated in culture medium present in each experimental unit without direct contact with the roots of the plants, promoted an increase mass production and changed morphology and physiology, especially plant height, leaf area, absolute and relative growth rate, Falker chlorophyll index, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (RuBisCo), and net photosynthesis rate

scholarly journals INITIAL GROWTH OF Dipteryx alata PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Santos Matos ◽  
Igor Alberto Silvestre Freitas ◽  
Lidiane Villas Boas Dos Santos ◽  
Daniel Guimarães Venâncio ◽  
Patrícia Souza da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of water deficit stress on the growth of Dipteryx alata plants. The experiment was carried out on a bench in full sun at the Goiás State University experimental unit, in Ipameri town, Goiás. Dipteryx alata seeds were collected from native plants in that municipality and sown in four-liter pots containing a mixture of soil, sand and cattle manure at ratio 3:1:0.5, respectively. The experiment was set up following the completely randomized design with five treatments (plants irrigated for 25 days with water volumes corresponding to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of daily evapotranspiration) and six replicates. Treatments were applied when the plants were 60 days old, and at 85 days the plants were assessed for the following parameters: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, foliar chlorophyll concentration (a+b ), total carotenoids, relative water content, transpiration, leaf, stem and root mass ratios, and total biomass. During early development, the Dipteryx alata plants were highly sensitive to water deficit, significantly slowing down vegetative growth. Accordingly, in order to remain alive, the plants drastically reduced transpiration as a result of high stomatal sensitivity.

scholarly journals Initial growth of cassava plants cv. Mossoró under different water regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Domingos Ferreira De Mélo Neto ◽  
Daniel Gomes Coelho ◽  
Moab Torres De Andrade ◽  
Jandelson De Oliveira Alves
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

The sprouting phase of cassava is critical for the establishment of the plant, with this phase being dependent on soil moisture. As such, this study evaluated the effect of different irrigation levels on the initial growth of cassava cv. Mossoró in semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted under completely randomized design conditions with 5 replications. The treatments in pots containing one plant per experimental unit consisted of 5 irrigation levels, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo, mm day-1), which corresponded to totals for the experimental period of 11.20; 42.15; 73.09; 104.03 and 134.97 mm, respectively. At 30 days after planting, the number of leaves and stems, as well as the dry mass of the shoot and the root had increased sharply for irrigation levels up to 73.09 mm. For higher irrigation levels there was a tendency for plant growth stabilization; however, above 104.03 mm there was a decrease. Shoot and root dry mass ratio showed severe water stress at the 11.20 mm level, being more damaging to root growth. Plant height showed a positive linear trend as the level of irrigation was increased, as opposed to water use efficiency. Therefore, irrigation with 50% replacement of ETo (73.09 mm) provided the best conditions for early growth of cassava.

scholarly journals Subirrigation automated by capacitance sensors for salvia production

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhuanito S Ferrarezi ◽  
Marc W van Iersel ◽  
Roberto Testezlaf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Substrate Moisture

Subirrigation is typically controlled using timers to periodically irrigate plants based on a pre-determined schedule. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of capacitance-type sensors to monitor substrate water content and to control subirrigation automatically for salvia production in greenhouse. Additionally, we quantified the effect of different substrate volumetric water content (VWC) on growth of plants cultivated in 15-cm diameter × 13.75-cm height pots. Automation was performed using three EC-5 capacitance soil moisture sensors per experimental unit, connected to a system with a CR10X data logger, AM16/32 multiplexer, SDM-CD16AC relay driver and NK-2 submersible pumps. Substrate moisture readings were taken every 15 minutes, and plants were irrigated only if the readings dropped below pre-set VWC thresholds. We evaluated five levels of substrate VWC (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 m3 m-3), with two replications, in a completely randomized design. The system effectively monitored and recorded VWC, and controlled irrigation accordingly. Substrate VWC ranged from 0.1 to 0.41, 0.2 to 0.39, 0.3 to 0.41, 0.4 to 0.43 and 0.5 to 0.53 m3 m-3, in ascending order of the treatments, with the highest values recorded after irrigation events. The number of irrigation events, total volume of nutrient solution applied, net photosynthesis, dry weight, number of branches and leaves, shoot height, leaf area, canopy light interception, and leaf chlorophyll content all increased significantly with the increase in VWC (p<0.0001). The VWC of 0.5 m3m-3 provided the highest plant growth (p<0.0001). Capacitance sensors can be used to both monitor soil moisture and control subirrigation for salvia production in soilless substrate, reducing the possibility of water stress caused by daily irrigation schedule using timers.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma spp. on the Propagation of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Aline Peccatti ◽  
Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽  
Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen ◽  
Joseila Maldaner ◽  
Evandro Luiz Missio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Maytenus Ilicifolia ◽  
Positive Effect

The interest in using biotechnology tools that contribute to reducing the need for chemical inputs in agroforestry production has increased in recent years, aiming at higher quality for the environment and for society. This interest is also applied to medicine species consumed in natura. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. on germination and initial growth of Maytenus ilicifolia seedlings. Laboratory and greenhouse tests were carried out using Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from three different strains identified as Trichoderma asperelloides (T1 &amp; T2 strains) and Trichoderma virens (T10 strain). In laboratory, M. ilicifolia seeds without aryl were inoculated in solutions containing fungal spores and distributed in substrate paper in four replicates of 25 seeds/treatment. The first germination count, accumulated germination, percentages of accumulated dead seeds and firm seeds were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of incubation. The same isolates were used to evaluate the effect on the initial growth of seedling in a greenhouse through a completely randomized design with 40 replicates, considering a seedling as each replicate. Trichoderma spp. isolates were inoculated on the substrate used as the basis for seeding. Seeds of M. ilicifolia were used from the same batch of the laboratory test, but without removing the aryl. The variables of total height, diameter at root collar and number of leaves were evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after seeding. A positive effect of Trichoderma inoculation on seed germination and vigor was observed in the laboratory, with emphasis on the T2 isolate. Growth promoting effects on the M. ilicifolia seedlings were not observed in greenhouse. We suggest to better investigate the interaction between the tested Trichoderma isolates and M. ilicifolia seeds in the presence of aryl.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii yang dibudidayakan bersama Eucheuma denticulatum dengan komposisi berbeda

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meichel Pandensolang ◽  
Indra Salindeho ◽  
Joppy D Mudeng
Keyword(s):  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Eucheuma Denticulatum ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to determine the growth of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated with Eucheuma denticulatum with different composition. This research was carried out for six weeks, from March to April 2013, in the coastal waters of Sondaken village, Tatapaan District, South Minahasa regency, North Sulawesi. The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The four tested treatments were the different composistion of tied seaweed in a long-line raft, where treatment A: 100% K. alvarezii, ; B: 50% K. alvarezii and 50% E. denticulatum, on each culture line, two types of algae were tied in sequence; C: 75% K. alvarezii and 25% E. denticulatum, in which in each line, every three bunch of K. alvarezii was followed by one bunch of E. denticulatum; D: 25% of K. alvarezii and 75% E. denticulatum, on each culture line, every three bunch of E. denticulatum was followed by one bunch of K. alvarezii. Each experimental unit was a 3m x 3,4m rectangular line raft containing four culture lines where the bunch of the tested seaweed were tied. Data collection was performed every two weeks by weighing the tested K alvarezii. The data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA) using JMP statistical program (SAS-institute). The results showed that absolut growth, relative growth and daily growth rate of K. alvarezii was not significantly affected by the tested treatments (Prob> F > 0.5). Thus, the occurence of E. denticulatum in whatever abundance in K. alvarezii cultivation area will not affect the growth of K. alvarezii. Keywords: Seaweed, K. alvarezii, E. denticulatum, growth

scholarly journals Microbiolization of organic cotton seeds with Trichoderma sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manoel Ferreira de Lima Cruz ◽  
Eliane Cecília de Medeiros ◽  
Otília Ricardo de Farias ◽  
Edcarlos Camilo da Silva ◽  
Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Organic Cotton ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
And Control

Abstract: Seed microbiolization is an alternative to chemical pesticides for seed treatment in organic agriculture. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the initial growth and control of fungi associated with organic cotton seeds, through seed microbiolization with Trichoderma sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Certified cotton seeds (cultivar Aroeira), whose linter was removed with sulfuric acid, were analyzed in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, corresponding to five concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0), two biocontrol agents (Trichoderma sp. and S. cerevisiae), and an additional treatment composed of a fungicide (Captan®). Seed health, germination, and emergence tests were conducted to confirm the hypotheses. The microbiolization of seeds is efficient in reducing both incidence and initial growth of fungi in organic cotton cv. Aroeira. The appraised biocontrol agents proved to be superior to the chemical treatment regarding the initial seedling growth. Trichoderma sp. is the most effective agent and provides a high initial seedling growth and a significant reduction in fungal incidence.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Using Commercial Strains of Trichoderma spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Franciely Magalhães Barroso ◽  
Paulo Henrique Pereira Costa Muniz ◽  
Mariany Dalila Milan ◽  
Wanderson Silva dos Santos ◽  
Natália Cássia de Faria Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shoot Mass

The growth of plants by the use of Trichoderma occurs through distinct mechanisms, among which it can highlight the synthesis of phytohormones and auxins analogues. The objective of this work was to evaluate Trichoderma spp. commercial strains in the promoting seedlings growth and in the productivity of parsley plants. In laboratory assay, seeds of parsley cv. &lsquo;Gra&uacute;da Portuguesa&rsquo; were treated with 2 mL of Trichoderma suspension (2.5 &times; 108 ml-1 conidia per 100 g of seeds) submitted to growth test until 28 days after sowing (DAS). For the greenhouse experiment, parsley seedlings were transplanted into 3.0 L pots containing soil, which was previously treated with 5 mL Trichoderma suspension, totaling 1.5 &times; 108 conidia per pot. In both, a control without Trichoderma application was included, being arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL = RL + SL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM = FRM + FSM), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (BIO = RDM + SDM), root mass ratio (RMR = RDM/BIO), shoot mass ratio (SMR = SDM/BIO), aerial part/root system retio (AP/RS = SDM/RDM) and productivity at 110 DAS. Althougth no diferences was observed among the Trichoderma treatments and the control about yield, Trichoderma spp. strains provided better TFM (18.98 to 22.92 mg), BIO (3.37 to 4.31 mg) and root system superior to the control (14.20 and 2.44 mg, respectively) under greenhouse conditions. T. harzianum ESALQ1306 was the better strain in laboratory assyas, suggsting this isolate for applied in the seeds when it aims the promotion of initial growth.

scholarly journals Daya Hambat Trichoderma sp. terhadap Patogen yang Berasosiasi dengan Daun Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum MILL.s

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Asniah Asniah ◽  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad Taufik
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of Trichoderma sp. associated with the leaves of the tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). The research was carried out at the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Phytopathology Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari. The study was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three types of pathogens, namely Collethotrichum sp., Schlerotium sp., and Paesilomyces sp., repeated five times. Observation parameters were the percentage of inhibition through multiple culture tests, secondary metabolites of volatile compounds, and nonvolatile compounds. The results showed that the ability to inhibit the fungus Trichoderma sp. against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sp. able be inhibited by 74.14% and 81.42% respectively in the volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolite tests, while against the pathogen Sclerotium sp. able to be inhibited by 58.50% in the multiple culture test.

scholarly journals Uji Metabolit Trichoderma spp. Terhadap Ganoderma sp.IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Ni‘mal Hamdi BM ◽  
Lisnawati Lisnawati ◽  
Mukhtar Iskandar Pinem
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Important Disease

Ganoderma spp.merupakan penyakit penting yang menyebabkan kerugian besar pada tanaman kelapa sawit.Ganoderma spp. menurunkan produksi kelapa sawit 78 % dari total produksi kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara. Pengendalian kimia dan kultur teknis hanya dapat mengurangi serangan Ganoderma spp.10%/ha sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif pengendalian hayati, seperti penggunan cendawan antagonis. Trichoderma merupakan cendawan antagonis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Ganoderma spp.dengan menghasilkan metabolik skunder dan toxin ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji metabolit Trichoderma spp. untuk mengendalikan Ganoderma spp.in vitro.Penelitian ini di lakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian USU (±25m dpl.) pada Juli – Desember 2015 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan bebrapa jenis isolat jamur yaitu: Kontrol, Trichodermaspp.1, Trichodermaspp.2, Trichodermaspp.3, Trichodermaspp. 4, Trichodermaspp.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2 dan nilai uji filtrat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Trichodermaspp.2. Ganoderma sp. is an important disease that causes large losses in oil palm plants. Ganoderma sp. reduce palm oil production to 78% of total palm oil production in North Sumatra. Chemical control and technical culture can only reduce the attack of Ganoderma spp. of 10%/ha, so that an alternative biological control is needed, such as the use of antagonist fungi. Trichoderma sp. is an antagonistic fungus that can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. by producing metabolic secondary and extracellular toxins. This study aims to examine the metabolites of Trichoderma sp. in controlling Ganoderma sp. in vitro. This study was by using a non-factorial complete randomized design with several types of fungi isolates such as Control, Trichoderma sp. 1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Trichoderma sp. 3, Trichoderma sp. 4, and Trichoderma sp. 5. The results showed that the highest inhibition was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2 and the highest filtrate test value was found in the treatment of Trichoderma sp. 2.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGI EMPAT ANTAGONIS ISOLAT Trichoderma sp. SEBAGAI AGENSIA HAYATI

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Fitria Dewi Sulistiyono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Temperature Factor ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Characteristics of Four Physiology Antagonists Isolate of Trichoderma spp. as Biological Agents         Trichoderma sp is soil saprophyte, one of many parasites that causing plants disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the temperature and pH growth of Trichoderma sp. This study was designed with the experimental method. The treatments were the temperature factor with five levels (temperature 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and pH factor with five levels (pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). All treatments were prepared according to completely randomized design factorial 5x5. Repetition was done 3 times. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. able to grow at pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and it also grow at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC.Keywords: Trichoderma sp, Four Physiology Antagonists, Biological Agents ABSTRAK          Trichoderma sp. adalah saprofit tanah, secara alami merupakan parasit yang menyerang banyak jenis penyebab penyakit tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui suhu dan pH tumbuh Trichoderma sp. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan metode eksperimen. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah faktor suhu dengan lima taraf (suhu 15, 20, 25, 30, dan 35oC) dan faktor pH dengan lima taraf (pH 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8). Semua perlakuan disusun menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 5x5. Pengulangan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Trichoderma sp. mampu tumbuh pada pH 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8. Trichoderma sp. Juga mampu tumbuh pada suhu 15, 20, 25, 30 dan 35oC.Kata kunci: Trichoderma sp, fisiologi empat antagonis, agensia hayati

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