scholarly journals Social and economic effects of the war conflict in Ukraine for Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Nataliia Stukalo ◽  
Anastasiia Simakhova
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
European Experience ◽  
European Development

The war conflict in the East Ukraine impacts the geopolitical security and stability of Europe and other countries of the world. So, there are the global effects of the war conflict in Ukraine. And the instability in Ukraine has its social consequences that influences the European development. The aim of the article is to identify and elaborate social effects of the war conflict in Ukraine and to get understanding of its influence on European stability, on position of Ukraine on European arena. The article has been prepared by using such methods as: analysis of Ukrainian and European research papers, comparison and generalization of the facts about war conflict in Ukraine. In the article social consequences of the war conflict in Ukraine, such as migration, unemployment, crime growth, decreasing of population and others have been studied. It has been described that social dimension of the war conflict in Ukraine has its influence on European stability and geopolitical situation, especially Ukrainian migration. At the end of the article the authors present the conclusions and the mechanism for solving the war conflict situation in Ukraine. Also, Ukraine needs an integrated approach in order to solve all economic and social problems in the country. Only integrated approach will allow to use available Ukrainian resources and advanced European experience to provide economic and social stability of the country.

Marketing and social effects of industrial scale insect value chains in Europe: case of mealworm for feed in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Macombe ◽  
S. Le Feon ◽  
J. Aubin ◽  
F. Maillard
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Livestock Feed

Insects are becoming part of the human diet in many regions of the world, either directly or indirectly, as livestock feed. Insects could become a significant feed ingredient if produced at industrial scale, but it is a challenge. Such an emerging sector would result in substantial social effects. One innovation of the DESIRABLE project is exploring potential social consequences induced by industrial scale development of insect production in France for feed, under several production and marketing assumptions. First, this paper explains how the stakeholders and researchers involved in the project built and selected some framework scenarios, which depict upstream (production and meal processing) scenarios. Downstream scenarios were designed based on interviews with specialists in poultry, trout, and feed production markets, that allowed to proposing plausible scenarios for marketing. The potential outlets are more or less narrow market ‘niches’: feed for laying hens to produce organic eggs, or for farmed trout eating insect meal. Second, the method for evaluating social effects linked with the emergence of the new insect’ industry, a social life cycle analysis in four detailed scenarios. The main positive social effects of the four detailed scenarios result from job creation in the insect production sector, while effects on other feed-ingredient suppliers are few. Negative effects result from the allergy risk for employees and potential disturbance to nearby neighbourhoods, but the latter can be easily managed by carefully choosing the locations. In the two scenarios with integrated bio refinery, exists a major risk that could stop the industrial project: activists could use environmental or animal-welfare concerns to oppose the bio refinery, because of agricultural land and water preservation and/or opposition to industrial scale insect production. Nevertheless, insect meal can help preserve fishery resources by providing a constant substitute for fish meal.

scholarly journals How Moving Together Binds Us Together: The Social Consequences of Interpersonal Entrainment and Group Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Cross ◽  
Martine Turgeon ◽  
Gray Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Group ◽  
The Individual

AbstractInterpersonal entrainment has been shown to have a wide variety of social consequences which span far beyond those that could be considered purely pro-social. This work reviews all of the social effects of entrainment and the various explanations for them. The group formation framework emerges as a parsimonious account claiming that as we entrain our sense of self is temporarily diluted as an interdependent identity becomes more salient, thus leading to a range of social and psychological consequences which are pro-group. The sense of belonging arising from moving together is conducive towards pro-social behaviours; yet, it also makes the individual more susceptible to adopting the ideology of the group without critical thinking. We argue that the wide landscape of interpersonal entrainment’s effects reflects its primary effect, de-individuation, and the formation of a common group identity amongst co-actors.

scholarly journals The physical boundaries of public goods cooperation between surface-attached bacterial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1858) ◽  
pp. 20170631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weigert ◽  
Rolf Kümmerli
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Natural Conditions

Bacteria secrete a variety of compounds important for nutrient scavenging, competition mediation and infection establishment. While there is a general consensus that secreted compounds can be shared and therefore have social consequences for the bacterial collective, we know little about the physical limits of such bacterial social interactions. Here, we address this issue by studying the sharing of iron-scavenging siderophores between surface-attached microcolonies of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Using single-cell fluorescence microscopy, we show that siderophores, secreted by producers, quickly reach non-producers within a range of 100 µm, and significantly boost their fitness. Producers in turn respond to variation in sharing efficiency by adjusting their pyoverdine investment levels. These social effects wane with larger cell-to-cell distances and on hard surfaces. Thus, our findings reveal the boundaries of compound sharing, and show that sharing is particularly relevant between nearby yet physically separated bacteria on soft surfaces, matching realistic natural conditions such as those encountered in soft tissue infections.

scholarly journals The physical boundaries of public goods cooperation between surface-attached bacterial cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weigert ◽  
Rolf Kümmerli
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Natural Conditions

AbstractBacteria secrete a variety of compounds important for nutrient scavenging, competition mediation and infection establishment. While there is a general consensus that secreted compounds can be shared and therefore have social consequences for the bacterial collective, we know little about the physical limits of such bacterial social interactions. Here, we address this issue by studying the sharing of iron-scavenging siderophores between surface-attached microcolonies of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using single-cell fluorescent microscopy, we show that siderophores, secreted by producers, quickly reach non-producers within a range of 100 μm, and significantly boost their fitness. Producers in turn respond to variation in sharing efficiency by adjusting their pyoverdine investment levels. These social effects wane with larger cell-to-cell distances and on hard surfaces. Thus, our findings reveal the boundaries of compound sharing, and show that sharing is particularly relevant between nearby yet physically separated bacteria on soft surfaces, matching realistic natural conditions such as those encountered in soft tissue infections.

scholarly journals The economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the polish economy

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Iwona Dudzik ◽  
Irena Brukwicka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Polish Economy

The date of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to forecast. Apart from the undoubted humanitarian and social consequences, its development and spread will also contribute to changes in the economy. This paper describes the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for the Polish economy. Depending on the way the pandemic will develop, the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development predicts that the Gross Domestic Product in Poland will drop by -7.4%, and will rebound to 4.8% by the end of 2021. It is also assumed a broad-based recovery with GDP rebounding by 2.4% in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the labor market in Poland. It is assumed that the Polish economy has been affected less by the effects of the pandemic than other European countries. The coronavirus pandemic contributed to significant changes in the organization of work, that is, an increase in the percentage of people doing a household work. Humankind has already learned how to overcome global crises, but their burdens have never been evenly distributed. Losses and threats bring new chances and opportunities. In line with the Pareto principle, it is stated that even if 80 percent of people suffer losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the remaining 20 percent of them will ultimately benefit from it. The aim of this article is to analyze the economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic in Poland and to present the most affected industries. In the opinion of the authors of the study, this issue should be described in greater detail.

scholarly journals Methods of Conflict Study in the System of Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina V. Rostovtseva ◽  
Aleksandr A. Mashanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Education System ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Theoretical Assumption

The article raises the problem of developing methods for studying conflicts in the education system. The definition of conflict is given as a process that actualises violations by the subjects of interaction of established norms, rules, laws, requirements of a particular social environment. It is emphasised that today there are two main methodological approaches to the study of conflicts: activity-oriented and personalityoriented. The activity-oriented paradigm considers conflicts from the point of view of activity and development of the subjects of interaction and social environment. The personality-oriented approach focuses on the importance of personal characteristics of the interacting parties to resolve a conflict situation. The authors propose a comprehensive approach based on the symbiosis of personality-oriented and activity-oriented paradigms, which allows to take into account the main personal factors of subjects in the process of deployment and resolution of conflicts at each stage of a conflict situation: characterological peculiarities, self-esteem and intelligence, as well as behaviour strategies. An empirical pilot study was conducted among students of Siberian Federal University in order to determine leading personality features of an individual, which occupy the central place in a conflict, regardless of its stage and determine their relationship with the level of proneness to conflicts of a person. The data obtained allowed us to come to preliminary conclusions that a low level of proneness to conflicts is associated with such qualities as high intelligence, ability to think outside the box, emotional stability, self-confidence and awareness of one’s own capabilities. A high level of proneness to conflicts is due to the student’s inability or unwillingness to understand and accept the individuality of other people, inability to forgive others for their mistakes, low intelligence, emotional instability and anxiety. The revealed relationships confirmed the effectiveness of using an integrated approach to the study of conflicts, as well as the theoretical assumption of the mutual influence of individual psychological characteristics and the level of proneness to conflicts of a person. The results of the study will allow us to investigate the mechanisms of conflict behaviour of learners, taking into account their individual psychological characteristics at each stage of the development of a conflict situation, and therefore manage conflicts in the education system

scholarly journals Assessing Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Campaign-Based Watershed Management: Experiences from Boset District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Assefa ◽  
Aad Kessler ◽  
Luuk Fleskens
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
To Come

This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of the outcomes of the Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia, and how this influences their willingness to participate in the program. Key informant interviews, a household survey, and the Google Earth Engine were used to collect and analyze the relevant data. Results show that farmers’ perceived outcomes of the CBWM program hardly motivated them to participate in the program. Particularly, farmers were not motivated by the physical effects of the program, because of the limited direct benefits to individual households, and destruction of previously developed micro-watersheds by frequent runoff and human and animal disturbances. Similarly, farmers were not motivated by the economic effects of the program, because of the limitations/absence of benefit-sharing mechanisms and resultant conflicts among farmers. The only motivating outcome of the program concerned its effect on personal capacities, which was particularly appreciated in localities that were vulnerable to erosion. The results of the study suggest the need to (1) better integrate actions at watershed level to come to effective water runoff control, (2) enhance the participation of all local actors to come to more effective area closure initiatives with transparent benefit-sharing mechanisms, and (3) give much more emphasis to capacity building as a cross-cutting component in the program. Hence, in order to enhance the willingness of farmers to genuinely participate in the CBWM, the program should adopt a more participatory and integrated approach.

Wynagrodzenie minimalne a ubóstwo, nierówności dochodowe i bezrobocie w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Aneta Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Impact

The minimum wage is the wage policy instrument, entailing both economic and social consequences. Supporters of the minimum wage emphasize its role in reducing poverty and reducing income inequalities. In turn, opponents focus on its economic effects, i.e. increase in labor costs and decline in employment. The article focuses on identifying the impact of the minimum wage on reducing poverty and income inequality. The first part contains definitions and the economic and social functions of the minimum wage. The next section presents changes in the minimal salary level in Poland and its relation to the average salary in the years 2003–2014. The rest of the article attempts to assess the effectiveness of raising the minimum wage in combating poverty and reducing income inequality. The effectiveness of this solution is minimal, both in terms of the whole society, as well as socio-economic group, which should benefit most from these effects, i.e. employees.

Economic and Social Effects of Parallel Importation of Pharmaceutical Products on Organisational Performance in Pharmaceutical Firms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Esther Kalekye; Wanyoike Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parallel Importation

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on the organisational performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. The paper is guided by research objectives that are focused on: the economic effects of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on organisational performance and the social effects of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on organisational performance. This paper concludes that the issue of economic and social effects of parallel importation and how they affect the organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies in Kenya is rich for exploration and recommends that a study be conducted focusing on parallel importation and organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies; especially now that a clear legal framework on parallel importation has been put in place.

scholarly journals Social Psychiatry in Germany in the Twentieth Century: Ideas and Models

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach ◽  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

In the first decades of the twentieth century, German-language papers were published which included the term “soziale Psychiatrie” in their titles. At the same time modern concepts of extramural psychiatric care were being developed. Yet, the meaning of “sozial” (“social” in English) varied widely. This was partly due to its ambiguity. “Social” can be used in the sense of small communities or the wider public; it refers to interpersonal relationships, or to relationships between individuals and social groups or other communities. According to this latter meaning, “social” can emphasize the interests of social groups rather than those of the individual. This is how the term was used at the end of the 1920s and during the National Socialist era. On the other hand, “social” may indicate a friendly and humane intention, a philanthropic approach. It was in this sense that the term was widely used in the 1970s when philanthropic psychiatrists and others called for psychiatric reform and the closure or downsizing of asylums for the mentally ill. Moreover, in association with psychiatry, it can mean both the social dimension of mental illness (including the aetiology) that is assumed to lie in human relationships and in social circumstances, and the social and economic effects of mental illness. In parallel with these shifting meanings of the term “social”, the established models of twentieth-century ambulant psychiatric care also showed a variety of structural characteristics.

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