scholarly journals The Role of Value Engineering in Government Housing Projects in Developing Countries to Improve Value

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Zaki ◽  
Nermeen Omar ◽  
Alaa Zoair
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Principles Of Design ◽  
The Cost

Government housing projects are among the complex issues facing developing countries’ governments. There have been many attempts to solve problems related to this issue and a lot of effort has been made in this direction. The main problem is lowering the cost of lodging, without sacrificing its quality and the effectiveness by which it fulfills the needs of its occupants. This became possible upon the use of the value engineering technique. Value engineering is an effective tool used to solve problems related to housing, by lowering cost on one hand and sustaining or even ameliorating quality and performance.The purpose of this study is to try to identify a series of proposed solutions and value indicators and to describe their role in improving value in government housing projects. This process may assist the designer in choosing and managing, value indicators during the creative phase, using references from the literature and the analysis of case studies.The literature review identified the reasons for high costs and poor performance, which are often a result of a misunderstanding of the fundamental principles of design criteria and value indicators, followed in government housing projects. The review also pinpointed the most important considerations that improve value.Results obtained in this study feature the positive effects of methods under the umbrella of value engineering, applied in government housing projects. It was found that savings of 15% to 40% can be achieved in the total cost of a certain project, using this technique. Generating ideas in the creative phase is one of the most important stages in value engineering studies. A set of value indicators and proposed solutions in the form of a checklist were derived and can be used in the future, during the creative phase of value engineering studies in the initial design stage of government housing projects.

REKAYASA NILAI HARGA PEMBUATAN TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN BAHAN PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN TIRTO PENATARAN ASRI TIPE 70/135 KECAMATAN NGLEGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Mochamad Tamim Ma’ruf
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Application ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design Proposal

One-solving methods and techniques necessary to avoid inefficiencies and not economic costs as well as reduce the cost of housing construction is the method of Value Engineering. Value engineering is a method and cost control techniques to analyze a function to its value at the lowest cost alternative (most economical) without reducing the quality desired.At the writing of this study used a comparison method by comparing the initial design to the design proposal of the author. In the housing projects Upgrading Tirto Penataran Asri type 70, the application of Value Engineering conducted on the job a couple walls and roofs pair by replacing some work items with a more economical alternative but does not change the original function and high aesthetic level and still qualify safe. For that performed the step of determining a work item, the alternative stage, the analysis stage, and the stage of recommendations to get a Value Engineering application and cost savings against the wall a couple of work items and partner roof.The proposed design as compared to the initial design. Work items discussed was the work of a couple wall having analyzed obtained savings of Rp. 2,747,643.56 and the work of the roof pair obtained savings of Rp. 2,363,446.80. Thus the total overall savings gained is Rp 5,111,090.36 or savings of 0048%.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF VALUE ENGINEERING IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Prashant Sharma ◽  
Ramesh Srikonda
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Housing Shortages ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Project Life

A major challenge for the Indian government is the rapid growth of the urban population, leading to housing shortages and poor urban living conditions. The current need-based housing shortage in the country is about 19 million units as per the 2011 census. The government has introduced many affordable housing schemes that focus on meeting the shortage of housing needs. Excess cost management needs to be planned from the initial stages of design during the building's project life. Value engineering is an effective problem-solving approach that minimizes prices while preserving and improving performance and quality requirements. Ve process's success lies in its ability to find ways to reduce redundant expenses while maintaining efficiency, reliability, performance, and other critical elements that reach or surpass the standards of the client. This study aims at understanding the application of value engineering in affordable housing to optimize cost, time and quality thus increasing overall value of the project. Two case studies of different scale of housing projects are considered, it has been found out that on replacing a material with similar functions, helps reduce the cost of the project and add to the value of the project. This research will provide an overview of benefits of strong value engineering and use of alternative materials to enhance the efficiency of a project.

scholarly journals Application of Value Analysis Techniques on a Rucksack: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Tiwari ◽  
Omprakash P ◽  
V.S. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Potential Saving ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Customer Delight ◽  
The Cost

Manufacturers are allocating more of their resources to achieve customer delight by providing a better quality product and additional features at the lowest possible cost not only to acquire the market for existing product but also to increase and secure the demand for future products.With the increase in trend of travelling, the manufacturers need to meet and exceed the demands of their customers, the most vital demand of travellers are comfortable, reliable and multifunctional backpacks. Therefore, it become a necessity for manufacturers to control the cost and introduce new features to the rucksack.The aim of the paper “Application of Value Analysis Techniques on a Rucksack” is to perform a case study to improve and introduce new features in a rucksack through VA/VE methodology. The essence of value engineering technique involves the critical analysis of the functions of a product over all of its stages and producing a creative and innovative way to achieve the function at the lowest cost. Value analysis is an approach to improve the value of an item or process by understanding its constituent components and their associated costs. It then seeks to find improvements to the components by either reducing their cost or increasing the value of the functions. Upon application of VA methodology, a potential saving and multifunctionality is observed in the rucksack.

scholarly journals REKAYASA NILAI HARGA PEMBUATAN TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN BAHAN PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN TIRTO PENATARAN ASRI TIPE 70/135 KECAMATAN NGLEGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Mochamad Tamim Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Application ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design Proposal

One-solving methods and techniques necessary to avoid inefficiencies and not economic costs as well as reduce the cost of housing construction is the method of Value Engineering. Value engineering is a method and cost control techniques to analyze a function to its value at the lowest cost alternative (most economical) without reducing the quality desired.At the writing of this study used a comparison method by comparing the initial design to the design proposal of the author. In the housing projects Upgrading Tirto Penataran Asri type 70, the application of Value Engineering conducted on the job a couple walls and roofs pair by replacing some work items with a more economical alternative but does not change the original function and high aesthetic level and still qualify safe. For that performed the step of determining a work item, the alternative stage, the analysis stage, and the stage of recommendations to get a Value Engineering application and cost savings against the wall a couple of work items and partner roof.The proposed design as compared to the initial design. Work items discussed was the work of a couple wall having analyzed obtained savings of Rp. 2,747,643.56 and the work of the roof pair obtained savings of Rp. 2,363,446.80. Thus the total overall savings gained is Rp 5,111,090.36 or savings of 0048%.

scholarly journals Potentiality for the Application of Value Engineering in the Construction Industry at the Design Stage

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Abdallah M.Awadalla
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Firms ◽  
The Impact

Value Engineering (VE) is defined as a systematic application of a recognized approach by a multidisciplined team to identify the functions of a product or a system and to establish a worth for that function. Alternatives are generated through the creative thinking. The needed functions are provided to accomplish purpose of the project, reliability and at the lowest life cycle cost without sacrificing safety, necessary quality and environmental attributes. This paper aims at investigating the effectiveness of VE as an approach that could improve the design process which is considered as an important stage in the project life cycle. Current research has shown that the impact of design on the total cost of the project is estimated as 50%. Hence, this study is concentrated at the design stage. To assess the actual practice during the design process, a questionnaire was designed and sent to 15 respondents. This comprised design firms, engineers as well as clients. The questionnaire main objective was to find out how VE studies are conducted and to gauge the impact on the design of the studied projects. The questions were set to investigate to what extent VE components (function, quality and cost) were applied on those projects under study and their impact on design. The Statistical analysis was conduced using SPSS 10. Descriptive statistics methods were used for organizing and analyzing data. Chi-square tests were used to test the research hypotheses and to make comparisons between observed and expected frequencies. The results obtained from the analysis of the collected data showed that the poor performance in the design process which leads to cost and time overrun and low quality is due to the inefficient methods of conducting the brief with the clients. The tendency of designers to produce expensive designs to show their capabilities without achieving the required functions of the project is also found to be one of the defects in the design process. The Sudanese government and the private sector are recommended to adopt VE. Architects, engineers, and other professionals are recommended to play part in the spread of this technique among their firms. The research recommended further studies to develop and improve VE techniques and tools.

Renovated Water Reuse from Rapid Infiltration System

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Duan ZhenBo ◽  
Wang Shang ShaoTang ◽  
Li RuQi ◽  
Wu XureQing ◽  
Gao Erjing
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The use of renovated water from a rapid infiltration system for fish and duck farming was evaluated. It was concluded that the flesh of fish and duck was edible. The use of this approach is beneficial to the environment and economy, especially in developing countries. The production of fish and duck can offset the cost of wastewater treatment in many cases.

The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Andre Lamy ◽  
Eva Lonn ◽  
Wesley Tong ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Hyejung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

scholarly journals A METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT COMPANIES IN THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DE-MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Federica Cappelletti ◽  
Marta Rossi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Mohammad Shadman Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Complex Activities

AbstractDe-manufacturing and re-manufacturing are fundamental technical solutions to efficiently recover value from post-use products. Disassembly in one of the most complex activities in de-manufacturing because i) the more manual it is the higher is its cost, ii) disassembly times are variable due to uncertainty of conditions of products reaching their EoL, and iii) because it is necessary to know which components to disassemble to balance the cost of disassembly. The paper proposes a methodology that finds ways of applications: it can be applied at the design stage to detect space for product design improvements, and it also represents a baseline from organizations approaching de-manufacturing for the first time. The methodology consists of four main steps, in which firstly targets components are identified, according to their environmental impact; secondly their disassembly sequence is qualitatively evaluated, and successively it is quantitatively determined via disassembly times, predicting also the status of the component at their End of Life. The aim of the methodology is reached at the fourth phase when alternative, eco-friendlier End of Life strategies are proposed, verified, and chosen.

scholarly journals Globalization and educational inequality during the 18th to 20th centuries: Latin America in global comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Baten ◽  
Christina Mumme
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Rich

AbstractThis paper explores the inequality of numeracy and education by studying school years and numeracy of the rich and poor, as well as of tall and short individuals. To estimate numeracy, the age-heaping method is used for the 18th to early 20th centuries. Testing the hypothesis that globalization might have increased the inequality of education, we find evidence that 19th century globalization actually increased inequality in Latin America, but 20th century globalization had positive effects by reducing educational inequality in a broader sample of developing countries. Moreover, we find strong evidence for Kuznets’s inverted U hypothesis, that is, rising educational inequality with GDP per capita in the period until 1913 and the opposite after 1945.

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