scholarly journals Efficiency of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Cultivation in the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe Zone and Development of Its New Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Svitlana O. Rakhmetovа ◽  
Olena M. Vergun ◽  
Maksym I. Kulyk ◽  
Rostislav Y. Blume ◽  
Oleksandr P. Bondarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising C4-photosynthetising perennial grass and an important energy crop. It is resistant to drought, cold and winter frost, endures flooding and shows high performance at minimal energy consumption for cultivation. Methods: The purpose of the work was to develop and introduce high-yielding genotypes of switchgrass and develop effective cultivation technologies for the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The objective of the study was to evaluate the introduction potential of switchgrass, to establish biologically productive parameters and energy values of different genotypes and the effectiveness of cultivation techniques in the specific geo-climatic zone of Ukraine. To achieve the objectives, a wide range of introductory, biological-morphological, breeding-biotechnological, and agronomic methods have been used. Results: The gene pool of P. virgatum was collected (33 accessions), ten of which have been investigated, including both introduced genotypes and newly developed breeding lines. The bio-morphological, ecological features, the biochemical composition of plants have been evaluated. The productivity of the above-ground biomass and seeds, as well as the energy value of plants, has been evaluated. High-performance forms with specified yield parameters, biomass sugars, total energy and biofuel output per unit area have been determined. Conclusion: A new variety of P. virgatum (cv. Zoriane) has been introduced for cultivation. Among the accessions of newly developed genotypes, the most productive lines have been identified. New efficient technologies have been developed to increase the yield potential of switchgrass as a source of raw materials for biofuel production.

“FLAGMAN” - NEW VARIETY OF BROMUS INERMIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
I. N. Kazarinova ◽  
D. А. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A new cultivar of smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Leyss) Flagman was developed by methods of mass selection and polycross. Breeding and wild forms of various ecological and geographical origins are used as an initial material. The authors of the cultivar: Kazarinova I.N., Polyudina R.I., Straub A.A., Gomasco S.K. Studies were conducted on the Central experimental base of the Siberian research Institute of fodder crops of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk district, Krasnoobsk). The cultivar is mid-ripening: the period from the beginning of spring aftergrowing to mowing ripeness is 63-75 days and to full maturing of seeds is 95-111 days. The yield of dry matter is 8.3 t/ha, which exceeds the standard by 8%, seed yield - 0.62 t/ha, higher than the standard by 28%. The dry matter yield of the cultivar Flagman for the fourth year of use exceeded the standard by 23% and reached to 11.4 t/ha. The 1000 seeds weight is 3.0-3.4 g. The plant height is 90-140 cm. Tilling capacity is up to 40 stems per tuft. Foliage varies from 32 to 50% depending on the age of the grass and environment conditions. The resistance of the cultivar to brown rust and helminthosporiosis is higher than of the standard. The copyright certificate No. 71916 and patent No. 9653 were received.

The vegetation of the small rivers of Novosibirsk Region (a syntaxonomic essay)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Kipriyanova ◽  
M. A. Kleshchev
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Information on the aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation of the major watercourses of West Siberia is relatively scarce, while this of small rivers is practically absent. There are 430 rivers whose length exceeds 10 km within the Novosibirsk Region. The aim of our work was to study the phytocenotic diversity of their aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation. 130 geobotanical relevés were performed by the authors in July–August 2003–2005. The object was aquatic communities formed by true aquatic (submergent and floating-leaved) plants and semiaquatic ones with emergent plants and these of water′s edge. In total 10 watercourses were studied (Table 1): 2–3 in each of five geomorphologic regions within the forest-steppe zone (Table 2). The upper, middle and lower courses (Fig. 1, Table 1) with the length of 2–2.5 km were studied in each case to ensure the 4–5 repetition of main elements (stream pools and ridges) that would give a reliable information on their flora and vegetation. The sample plots were selected above the settlements, whenever possible in sites with no to intensive anthropogenic impact. The data were collected according to J. Braun-Blanquet (1964) approach. The relevés were done on the sample plot of 100 m2 placed in the most homogeneous part of the community or, in case of its smaller area, within the natural boundaries. The following scale was used for abundance estimation: r — the species is extremely rare; + — rare, small cover; 1 — the number of individuals is large, the cover is small or individuals are sparse, but the cover is large; 2 —cover of 5–25 %; 3 — 26–50 %; 4 — 51–75 %; 5 — more than 75 %. The date on water depth, transparency (on a white Secchi disk with a diameter of 30 cm), temperature and the flow rate were obtained. The soil mechanical composition and color, the degree and nature of anthropogenic impact on vegetation and river banks were quantified. Water samples for general chemical analysis were taken in the middle course of each river. Computer programs TURBOVEG and MEGATAB (Hennekens, 1996) were used for database. The syntaxonomic affiliation of phytocenoses was determined using modern literature (Bobrov, Chemeris, 2006; Vegetace..., 2011; Chepinoga, 2015; Landucci et al. 2015; Mucina et al., 2016, etc.). 36 associations and 3 communities belonging to 12 alliances, 9 orders, and 5 classes have been identified (Tables 3–14, Fig. 2–9). Such great syntaxonomic diversity is determined by the significant ecotopic variety, the variability of substrates, the wide range of water flow rates and the different water trophicity. For comparison, 26 associations, 13 variants, 2 communities were identified in the study of 50 rivers of Lithuania (Sinkyavichene, 1992); altogether 84 associations are known for the Upper Volga region as a whole (Bob­rov, Chemeris, 2006), while 45 ones were recorded previously in 130 watercourses of this region (Bobrov, 1999). Information on small river macroalgae cenoses in the study area is partially reflected in the paper published earlier (Bobrov et al., 2005).

scholarly journals Comparison of commonly used ecological scales with the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
B. Baranovski ◽  
N. Roschina ◽  
L. Karmyzova ◽  
I. Ivanko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
Ecological Scale ◽  
Wide Range

There are several ecological scales developed both for phytoindication of ecological factors and plant ecomorphs. Among them, the scales of Ellenberg and Tsyganov are the most commonly used. L. G. Ramensky and P. S. Pogrebnyak had developed a phytoindication method; they also were founders of first ecological scale of plant species in relation to various environmental factors. One of first ecomorph systems was developed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard. In 1947, Belgard presented a tabular ecomorph system in his doctoral dissertation, and later in monograph “Forest vegetation of the South-East of Ukraine”. In the system he used abbreviated Latin names applying terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol, Warmin and other authors. He considered ecomorphs as adaptations of plants to environmental conditions in forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine where forest cenoses are exposed to processes of steppization, prairification, swamping, salinization, and thus clarification of relationships between forest, meadow, steppe, marsh and weed plant species was essential. Therefore, development and introduction of cenomorph terms as “adaptation of plant species to phytocenosis as a whole” were an absolutely new contribution to the concept of ecomorph system. In environmental factor scales of Ellenberg and other authors, environment characteristics based on phytoindication were underlined; in the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System, ecomorphs reflect ability of plant species to grow within certain ranges of a given factor. These approaches are quite comparable, and ecomorphs of the Belgard system correspond to certain grades of the Ellenberg and Tsyganov scales. The Belgard ecomorph system has been applied in a number of fundamental and applied works on plant ecology and phytocenology. It is convenient for characterizing ecological features of plant species growing in the steppe zone with a wide range of environment factors such as lighting, humidity, and soil richness. Other authors have expanded and supplemented the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System based on its strategy. A number of ecomorphs was introduced; they reflect intermediate or extreme gradations of factors. A new cenomorph – silvomargoant – has been proposed by the authors of this paper.

scholarly journals Yielding and quality indicators of new buckwheat varieties Kamianchanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
L. A. Vilchynska ◽  
A. S. Gorash
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
State Test ◽  
State Registration

Aim. To compare the new variety of buckwheat Kamianchanka by individual indicators of suitability for distribution, difference, uniformity and stability with a conditional national variety-standard. Methods. The creation, study, evaluation, reproduction and transfer to the State trials of a new variety was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of state trials. Results. The article presents the main identification indicators of the Kamianchanka buckwheat variety, created in the Podilskyi State Agrarian Engineering University. In terms of the suitability of the variety for distribution, difference, uniformity and stability, the Kamianchanka buckwheat variety exceeds the average yield of the varieties that have passed state registration in the previous five years in the Forest-Steppe Zone. The average yield of the new variety was higher than the conventional standard by 1.7 and 3.7 c / ha, or by 9.3 and 19.6%, respectively. Plant height varied from 73 to 156 cm and was on average 15 cm higher than the standard. The mass of 1000 seeds varied from 25.4-35 g and was higher in the Forest-steppe zone by 3.7-5 g (11.4-11.7%) compared with the conventional standard. A new variety of buckwheat Kamenchanka is sufficiently resistant to biotic and abiotic factors, suitable for cultivation in intensive technologies and mechanized harvesting. Сonclusions. A new variety of buckwheat Kamianchanka is listed in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine for 2019. Recommended for growing farms of various forms of ownership. Keywords: buckwheat, yield, qualitative parameters, state test.

scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods ofreducing root rot for cultivating spring wheat in organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01102
Author(s):  
Alfia Razina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
New Varieties

Energy-saving technologies of wheat cultivation limit the buffer role of the agrotechnical method in reducing the spread of root rot. This situation calls for using increased volumes of pesticides in order to decrease harvest losses arising from actions of harmful organisms, which does not allow to produce organic food.Considering this, evaluation of the efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivating spring wheat aimed at enhancing phytosanitary conditions of crops is very important. The goal of our work was to evaluate the role of predecessors, methods of soil preparation,organic fertilizers, new varieties of spring wheat, and the timing of planting in limiting the spread and reducing the harmfulness of root rot. Our study has been conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia. We have established that green manure in crop rotationandfallow arable land with introduction of 30 t/ha of organic manure fertilizer with a disc harrow to a depth of 10–12 cmreduce the spread and severity of root rot and increase wheat yields. In the plantings of the new variety of spring wheat Marsianka, the spread of the disease was reliably less,and the yield was higher compared to the control variety Tulunskaya 11. The optimal planting date for the average of two years was May 25, the crops planted then compared to those planted on May 30 were 9.4% less affected by the disease and gave a reliable increase in the harvest of 0.15 tons/ha. Our studies have shown that during production of organic wheat we can limit the spread andharmfulness of root rot withagrotechnical methods.

scholarly journals Biomass Properties for Mechanization of Conditioning Processes

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Ē. Kronbergs ◽  
M. Šmits
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Oil Fuel

Substitution of fossil feedstock for energy and raw materials by biomass is important measure for GHG emission mitigation. Development of energy crop production and agricultural residue utilisation for energy are important goals of the rural policy. As chemical fertiliser production and usage corresponds to the consumption of oil fuel, biomass usage directly for energy production or as fertiliser are activities with equal importance. The main rural resources for biomass eco-technologies in Latvia are cereal straw residues, energy crops, emergent vegetation and peat from wetlands and sediments from lakes. Wide range of biomass properties cause necessity of appropriate mechanization equipment for biomass conditioning accordingly collection, conversion and usage technologies. The ecosystem approach means taking into account the interrelationships among land, air water and all living organisms including humans for mechanization equipment design of biomass technologies. Complex mechanisation of biomass technologies is based on implementation of ecosystem approach and investigation of properties of biomass in conditioning processes. For solid biofuel production densification properties of chopped stalk materials with different additives (peat, rapeseed cake) had been determined.

scholarly journals INFORMATION CAPABILITIES OF THE STATISTICAL DOCUMENTS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE FORMER TERRITORIES BELGOROD DEFENSE LINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhirov
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The study of the frontier zone spaces is an urgent issue in modern Russian and foreign historiography. In the historical realities of the XVI-XVII centuries, the zone of the Russian frontier was located to the south of Moscow and stretched over a huge area of the forest-steppe zone, starting from the headwaters of the Don and going deep into the Steppe. Since the second half of the XVII century, thanks to the creation of the Belgorod defense line, rapid development of the territory of the line itself and adjacent territories began. But the real socio-economic ef fect of the construction of this line of defensive fortifications arose much later, by the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In our article, the main emphasis is placed on the information capabilities of statistical sources of the first half of the XIX century on the socio-economic history of the Belgorod region. The territory of the Yelets county of the Oryol province, which was a historical part of the defense line, was taken as the object of the study. The study of socio-economic processes at the local level in a broad chronological framework is a promising direction in modern historical science. Shifting research emphasis from fixing the actual state of processes at a certain time in favor of studying their historical evolution over a long chronological period can help a scientist to take a fresh look at both little-studied and well-known facts. The research methodology consists of the use of both traditional methods and modern source-based methods. Our article describes the main markers with the help of which a comprehensive assessment of socio-economic changes in the studied territory will be carried out over a long chronological period. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that statistical sources of the first half of the XIX century have a wide range of information opportunities for the history of socioeconomic processes that took place on the territory of the county. The obtained information is well combined with the information from mass sources of the XVII-XVIII centuries, without violating the basic methodological principles, but only expanding the possibilities of applying this approach to other territories located near or bordering the Belgorod line.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF YIELD AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF PEA VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF THE NORTHERN URALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Valeriy Sapega ◽  
Aleksandr Mitrikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Range Of Variation

The studies were carried out in 2015–2018 in the southern forest-steppe of Tyumen region in order to assess the yield, realize its potential and ecological plasticity of pea varieties admitted for use in the region, to identify the best genotypes. The material for the study was the data on the yield of eight varieties of peas. The index of environmental conditions and ecological plasticity were determined according to the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, the share of yield, relative to the average variety, and the realization of its potential - according to L.A. Zhivotkov and E.D. Nettevich, the yield range - according to V.A. Zykin. The index of environmental conditions in the years of testing varied from 0.89 (2015) to -1.04 (2016). Salamanca variety was characterized by the highest yield potential and the highest adaptability, in comparison with the average variety, in the most favorable (120.3%) and most unfavorable conditions (141.7%). On average for 2015–2018 the best in terms of yield was Omskiy 9 variety (1.98 t/ha). At the same time, the range of variation in the value of this indicator for the analyzed was significant - from 73.8% (Yamalskiy) to 89.0% (Kumir). Omskiy 9 variety (69.0%) was characterized by the highest value of the realization of the yield potential, and the lowest - Kumir (50.7%). The varieties Omskiy 9 (bi = 1.17), Kumir (bi = 1.13) and Salamanca (bi = 1.15) were characterized by the highest responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions - these are varieties of the intensive type. Weak responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions was found in the varieties Yamalsky (bi = 0.80) and Yamal (bi = 0.86). The varieties Batrak, Agrointel and Tomas, with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one, are classified as plastic. The Tomas variety was the most stable (Si2 = 0.16), the least - Kumir (Si2 = 15.98). On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of yield and parameters of ecological adaptability, the best varieties in the southern forest-steppe zone of Tyumen region were recognized as Omskiy 9 and Salamanca

scholarly journals Interaction of vehicles with the grain pre-treatment point

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
K. V. Tikhonovskaya ◽  
V. V. Tikhonovsky ◽  
Yu. N. Blynsky ◽  
D. A. Domnyshev
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Service Vehicles ◽  
Positive Effect

The ways of increasing efficiency of the harvesting and transport system for grain crops harvesting through the use of reserve platforms for unloading line-haul trains and dump trailers at a grain pre-treatment point are determined. The study was carried out in agricultural enterprises of the forest-steppe zone of Novosibirsk region during three harvesting periods 2017–2019. Specific features of work of the harvesting and transport system were taken into account, such as the remoteness of fields, the turn-around time of vehicles, the number of harvesting machines in the unit, and the crop harvested. The analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the interaction of vehicles and a grain pre-treatment point as subsystems of the harvesting and transport system shows that the operations of weighing, paperwork and unloading of vehicles are conditioned by the unproductive waste of working shift time, which leads to downtime of expensive highperformance harvesting machines. The dependence analysis of downtime ratio of vehicles at unloading on the throughput of the grain pre-treatment point shows that idle time of vehicles can reach up to 38% of the working shift time, according to estimated data, and up to 45%, according to experimental data. It is established that in the operation of a grain pretreatment point as a subsystem of a complex harvesting and transport system, there are time reserves for a positive effect on the system performance by searching for alternative options to service vehicles. Experimental studies of grain harvesting have shown that with a grain flow exceeding productivity of a grain pre-treatment point, it is necessary to organize reserve platforms at threshing sites to reduce the time for unloading vehicles. The use of reserve platforms can reduce the downtime of high-performance harvesting machines by 5-9%.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE COTTON MOTH UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF WARMING CLIMATE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Chenikalova ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kolomytseva ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Wide Range

The cotton bollworm is one of the most important polyphagous pests of agricultural crops with a wide range and food connections. The increase in the number of the pest, the development of additional facultative generations, the expansion of its range to the north to the forest-steppe zone of Russia, as well as the rise to the Caucasus mountains, occurring in the current period, is due to climate warming and a number of agro-ecological reasons. Measures are proposed to regulate the number of pests, aimed at preserving the biotic and floristic diversity of agricultural landscapes.

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