scholarly journals Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Reaktor terhadap Hasil Produk Pirolisis Eceng Gondok Secara Ex-Situ dengan Katalis Bentonit dan Penambahan Uap Air

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520
Author(s):  
Nurkholis Hamidi ◽  
◽  
Anggi Firmansyah ◽  
Haslinda Kusumaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The water hyacinth has high growth rates that can lead to various environmental problems and the production of large amounts of waste biomass. However, it can be a source of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bio-oil. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation on the pyrolysis process of water hyacinth ex-situ with bentonite catalyst and the addition of water vapor. Temperature variations used are 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C. The pyrolysis process uses 300 grams of water hyacinth and is carried out for 1 hour. The results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature reduced the char and bio-oil products, but increased the product of gas. Pyrolysis at 450°C produces a lot of bio-oil, while at the temperature of 650°C tends to produce gas products. Also, increasing the pyrolisis temperature results in a higher density of bio-oil. Gas chromatograph testing was carried out to determine the content of organic compounds found in bio-oil. Hydrocarbons are obtained which increase with increasing temperature. The highest percentage of the content of organic compounds is in oxygen compounds. Components of alcohol, phenols, ketones, aldehydes are functional compounds found in the content of bio-oil. Acid compounds are also contained in bio-oil from the results of pyrolysis of water hyacinth.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR PADA PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Frist Silia ◽  
Seri Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Palm plantations in Indonesia began to grow rapidly since the early 80s. The area of ​​Indonesia's oil palm in 2013 was 10.4 million ha and increased 4.69% annually.  The production of palm midrib was about 22 midribs per tree per year with the weight of midrib meat ranging from 2.2 kg. The palm midrib is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be used as liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and time of pyrolysis on the yield and quality of liquid smoke produced. The pyrolysis process of fractured palm was performed at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. The results indicated that the yield of liquid smoke tends to decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature, and tends to increase with increasing pyrolysis time in which the difficult condensed gas production increases with increasing temperature and time of pyrolysis. The highest yield of liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature of 150 OC with pyrolysis time 120 minutes that is equal to 43.47%. In this study, obtained the best results for a pH value of 3.1 is done at process temperatures of 250 ° C with processing time 60 minutes

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF USED TIRES ON THE QUALITY OF OUTPUT PRODUCTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Jasminská ◽  
Tomáš Brestovič ◽  
Mária Čarnogurská
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Abstract Pyrolysis together with gasification and combustion create a group of so called thermic processes. Unlike the combustion it is based on thermic decomposition of organic materials without any access of oxidative media. Within the pyrolytic process, three main fractions are created: solid residue, pyrolytic gas and organic liquid product - pyrolytic oil. The presented article examines the effects of pyrolysis operational conditions (above all, temperature) on gas products, solid residues and liquid fractions.

Effect of Temperature and Heating Rate on the Char Yield in Sorghum and Straw Slow Pyrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Filipovici ◽  
Dumitru Tucu ◽  
Andrzej Bialowiec ◽  
Przemyslaw Bukowski ◽  
George Catalin Crisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rate Parameter ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

Different approach to valorise the sweet sorghum using pyrolysis process to obtain valuable resources for energy production: bio-char, bio-oil and syngas are presented in the paper. In this study the influence of process parameters of slow pyrolysis on sorghum and straw were analysed. Temperatures used in the process varied from 400 to 800�C and heating rate parameter varied from 10�C . min-1 to 65�C . min-1. The experiments were conducted using a lab scale slow pyrolysis reactor with electric heaters, equipped with a thermo balance analyzer to collect data of pyrolysis process. The achieved product yield can vary significantly according to the slow pyrolysis parameters. The temperature influenced more on the bio-char yield compared to the heating rate parameter. The highest bio-char yield (over 35% weight,) was obtained at 400�C and heating rate of 10�C . min-1.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Yield Product and Characteristics of Bio-oil From Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Yeni Elisthatiana ◽  
Siti Nurhalizatul Aini ◽  
Ilham Mufandi ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Water

Abstract : Dependence on the use of fossil fuels in Indonesia is still quite high, especially crude oil; if no new energy reserves found, it will disrupt long-term energy availability. Biofuel is a renewable energy source derived from biomass, such as the type of microalgae spirulina platensis (SP). Solid residues from SP extraction still contained high levels of protein and carbohydrates. This solid residue can be processed by pyrolysis to produce bio-oil, water phase, charcoal, and gas. Bio-oil and gas products can use as fuel, charcoal can use for pharmaceutical needs, and the water phase as a chemical can use in food and health. The pyrolysis process carried out in a fixed-bed reactor with temperature ranging from 300-600°C. Heating was carried out by electricity through a nickel wire wrapped outside the reactor. Pyrolysis product in the form of gas condensed in the condenser, the condensate formed measured by weight. Char weight measured after the pyrolysis process completed. At the same time, non-condensable gas calculated by gravity from the initial weight difference of SPR minus liquid weight (bio-oil and water phase) and char. SPR samples were analyzed proximate and ultimate, while bio-oil products examined by the GC-MS method. The experimental results showed that the optimum pyrolysis temperature at 500ºC produced by 18.45% of bio-oil, 20% of the water phase, 32.02 of charcoal, and 29.54% of gas by weight. GC-MS results from bio-oil consisted of ketones, aliphatics, nitrogen, alcohol, acids, while PAHs, phenols, and aromatics not found.Abstrak : Ketergantungan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi terutama minyak mentah, jika tidak ditemukan cadangan energi baru maka akan mengganggu ketersediaan energi jangka panjang. Biofuel adalah salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang berasal dari biomassa seperti jenis mikroalga spirulina platensis (SP). Residu padat dari ekstraksi SP masih mengandung protein dan karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi. Residu padat ini dapat diproses dengan pirolisis untuk menghasilkan bio-minyak, fase air, arang, dan gas. Produk bio-minyak dan gas dapat digunakan untuk bahan bakar, arang dapat digunakan untuk kebutuhan farmasi, dan fase air sebagai bahan kimia dapat digunakan di bidang makanan dan kesehatan. Proses pirolisis dilakukan dalam reaktor fixed-bed dengan suhu 300-600°C. Pemanasan dilakukan dengan listrik melalui kawat nikel yang dibungkus di luar reaktor. Produk pirolisis berupa gas dikondensasi dalam kondensor, kondensat yang terbentuk diukur beratnya. Berat char diukur setelah proses pirolisis selesai, sementara gas yang tidak dapat dikondensasi dihitung beratnya dari perbedaan bobot awal SPR dikurangi bobot cair (bio-oil dan fase air) dan char. Sampel SPR dianalisis proksimat dan ultimat, sedangkan produk bio-minyak dianalisis dengan metode GC-MS. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa suhu optimum pirolisis adalah 500ºC yang menghasilkan bio-oil, water phase, arang, dan gas berturut-turut adalah 18,45; 20;  32,02 dan 29,54 % berat. Hasil GC-MS dari bio-oil terdiri dari keton, alifatik, nitrogen, alkohol dan asam, sedangkan PAH, fenol dan tidak ditemukan.

Effect of Acidic Activated Natural Zeolite on Characteristics of Bio Oil Derived from Pinus Merkusii’s Cone Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Ariany Zulkania ◽  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Putri Maharani ◽  
Sinthya Ade Putri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Due to diminishing fossil fuel, energy alternative availability becomes very crucial. Bio-oil is one of the alternative energy sources obtaining from the biomass pyrolysis process. This study's aim is to determine the effect of temperature and the addition of catalysts in the pyrolysis process. The catalyst was made of natural zeolite which was activated with an H2SO4 solution of 0.5 N and then heated at 350 °C for 12 hours. The pyrolysis of dry pine cone powder was run in a fluidized bed reactor enclosed by a furnace at a heating rate of 15 °C/min and residence time for 3 hours. From the existing variations, the largest bio-oil yield i.e. 34.28% was obtained from non-catalytic pyrolysis at the temperature of 500 °C, however, the bio-oil conceived high acids. On the other hand, the bio-oil comprised high phenolics and aromatics were generated from catalytic pyrolysis with 5% wt catalyst at a temperature of 500 °C. Eventually, the bio-oil from Pinus Merkusii cone has the potential to be biofuel and biochemical materials.

Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass Resources for Bio-Oil Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
Abdul Sami Channa ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Microwave Absorber ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Bio Oil

The agro-industrial sector of many countries generates considerable quantity of waste biomass and potential exploitation of this reside is necessary for economic and environmental reasons. Pakistan is an agricultural based country with widespread amount of crop residue generated annually. This study utilized rice husk, sawdust and bagasse residues to investigate the effects of microwave absorber loading on process temperature, pyrolysis products, and bio-oil composition using multimode microwave pyrolysis system operated at 300W and 2.54GHz. The results indicated that pyrolysis process temperature depends on the type of waste residue and microwave absorber loading. The maximum bio-oil yield of 22.41wt%, 33.61wt% and 19.1wt% were produced at 75wt% microwave absorber loading from rice husk, sawdust and bagasse, respectively. The D-Allose of 21.95 %area, dodecanoic acid of 71.22 %area and octasiloxane of 74.50 %area under GC-MS in rice husk, sawdust and bagasse bio-oils, respectively suggests potential use as chemical feedstock. Keywords: Waste biomass; microwave absorber; microwave assisted pyrolysis; process temperature; product distribution; bio-oil composition

scholarly journals Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches biomass through slow pyrolysis process

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
D E Rahayu ◽  
N Karnaningroem ◽  
A Altway ◽  
A Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Potential

Abstract The agricultural sector produces solid waste biomass abundantly. However, this biomass potential has not been utilized optimally. Indonesia as the world’s number one producer of oil palm plantations produces enormous biomass potential. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are the largest solid waste with a fraction of around 20-23% of fresh fruit bunches. Conventionally, it is only used as plant mulch in plantations areas. However, this biomass can still provide added value to bioenergy products through thermochemical pyrolysis conversion. The study was conducted with EFB raw materials that have been chopped with a size of <2mm, heating rate of 10C/minute with temperature variations of 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. The results showed that the EFB pyrolysis at low temperatures produced biochar products, and at high temperatures, it produced maximum product in the form of bio-oil. In the EFB pyrolysis process, biochar with an optimum yield of 36.92% was produced at 350°C, and bio-oil with an optimum yield of 46.60% was produced at a temperature of 550°C.

scholarly journals Effect of Ni(NO3)2 Pretreatment on the Pyrolysis of Organsolv Lignin Derived from Corncob Residue

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Yichen Liu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Longfei Liu ◽  
Changwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Nickel Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Formation

The thermal degradation of lignin for value-added fuels and chemicals is important for environment improvement and sustainable development. The impact of pretreatment and catalysis of Ni(NO3)2 on the pyrolysis behavior of organsolv lignin were studied in the present work. Samples were pyrolyzed at 500 ∘C with an upward fixed bed, and the characteristics of bio-oil were determined. After pretreatment by Ni(NO3)2, the yield of monophenols increased from 23.3 wt.% to 30.2 wt.% in “Ni-washed” and decreased slightly from 23.3 wt.% to 20.3 wt.% in “Ni-unwashed”. Meanwhile, the selective formation of vinyl-monophenols was promoted in “Ni-unwashed”, which indicated that the existence of nickel species promoted the dehydration of C-OH and breakage of C-C in pyrolysis. In comparison with “Water”, HHV of bio-oil derived from “Ni-unwashed” slightly increased from 27.94 mJ/kg to 28.46 mJ/kg, suggesting that the lowering of oxygen content in bio-oil is associated with improved quality. Furthermore, the content of H2 in gas products dramatically increased from 2.0% to 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively.

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