scholarly journals Physical Activity Behaviors and COVID-19 Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Zachary Zeigler ◽  
◽  
Jacob Lawrence ◽  
Alexa Jamison ◽  
Pete Salzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Us ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Monkey ◽  
Unique Predictor ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Exercise Facilities

Statistical modeling indicated that COVID-19 would have afflicted more than 60% of the US population. Social distancing, self-quarantine, and widespread shutdowns were imposed. The push to stay at home and the decreased availability of exercise facilities have potentially reduced physical activity (PA). The purpose of this observational, correlational study was to determine if there is a relationship between PA level and symptoms of COVID-19. Subjects were asked to complete a single Survey Monkey questionnaire. The survey asked demographic questions, PA behaviors, and questions relating to COVID-19 symptoms. Chi-square analysis was run to determine frequency differences within the PA group and specific COVID-19 symptoms. Hierarchical regression analysis was run to determine if PA was a unique predictor of the number COVID-19 symptoms experienced. Sixty male and 85 female (n = 145) subjects completed this study.

Trends in the incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Nevada (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Foote ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

BACKGROUND Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between head and neck (oral) cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans – including the Nevada Clean Indoor Act of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). OBJECTIVE Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. METHODS Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012 – 2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. Comparisons of any differences between Nevada and the overall US population were evaluated using Chi square analysis. RESULTS This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from oral cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence of oral cancer among Caucasians is increasing in Nevada and the US overall, it is increasing at nearly twice that rate in Nevada, P=0.0002. In addition, although oral cancer incidence among Minorities in the US is declining, it is increasing in Nevada , P=0.0001. Analysis of reported mortality causes revealed that mortality from oral cancer increased in the US overall but declined in Nevada during the same period (2012-2016). More specifically, mortality among both Males and Females in the US is increasing, but is declining in Nevada, P=0.0027. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the epidemiologic data from Nevada compared with the overall US revealed significant differences in rates of oral cancer incidence and mortality. More specifically, oral cancer incidence increased in Nevada between 2012-2016 among all groups analyzed (Males, Females, White, Minority), while decreases were observed nationally among Females and Minorities. Although mortality in Nevada decreased over this same time period (in contrast to the national trends), the lag time between diagnosis (incidence) and mortality suggests that these trends will change in the near future. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

National trends in local excision and esophagectomy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 62-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Sturm ◽  
Whitney Zahnd ◽  
John D. Mellinger ◽  
Sabha Ganai
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Over Time

62 Background: Esophageal cancer management has evolved due to improvements in staging and treatment strategies. Endoscopic local excision presents an attractive option for definitive management of T1 cancers, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. We hypothesized that for cT1N0 cancers, patients who underwent local excision would have lower survival compared to esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) with AJCC T1N0 clinical stage who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255) between 1998 and 2012. Chi-square analysis was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by procedure. Chi-square trend analysis was performed to assess trends in procedure type over time. Cox Regression analysis was performed to assess survival by procedure controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, the proportion of patients who underwent local excision increased from 12% to 50% for all patients (p < 0.001); from 17% to 40% for SCC patients (p < 0.001); and from 9% to 51% for AC patients (p < 0.001). Surgical procedure varied significantly by demographic, socioeconomic status, facility, and tumor-related factors. 65% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging after esophagectomy, with 11% having positive nodal disease; 44% were concordant after local excision. While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox Regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared to local excision for all cases (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40-2.00) and for ACs with concordant staging (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14). Conclusions: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Staging concordance for esophagectomy is seen in two-thirds of cases. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients undergoing local excision for T1N0 cancers have better overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy, which may reflect early differences in mortality and/or selection bias. As this study was unable to distinguish T1a from T1b, further analysis is warranted.

Gender-Associated Perceptions of Barriers and Motivators to Physical Activity Participation in South Asian Punjabis Living in Western Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Caperchione ◽  
Shirley Chau ◽  
Gordon J. Walker ◽  
W. Kerry Mummery ◽  
Cally Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Barriers And Motivators

Background:Gender is a sociocultural factor known to impact the physical activity (PA) behaviors of South Asians. The purpose of this research was to examine gender-associated perceptions of barriers and motivators for PA in a South Asian population living Canada.Methods:A random sample (N = 204) of South Asian Punjabi adults (18yrs+) completed a computer assisted telephone interview concerning their perceptions to PA participation. Content analysis was used to identify relevant main themes and chi-square analysis was used to calculate gender differences.Results:Results indicated that women more often reported a lack of time due to work and family (χ2 = 7.284, df = 1, P = .007) and a lack of motivation (χ2 = 4.982, df = 1, P = .026), yet men more often reported climate (χ2 = 7.045, df = 1, P = .008) as a barrier. Regarding motivators, men more often reported prevention and reduction of disease (χ2 = 4.451, df = 1, P = .034) and watching others perform (χ2 = 10.827, df = 1, P = .001); however, reducing weight gain (χ2 = 4.806, df = 1, P = .028) and looking like others (χ2 = 4.730, df = 1, P = .029) were reported more often by women.Conclusions:Gender-associated differences concerning PA are present in this population and must be considered in the design and implementation of effective interventions.

scholarly journals Attitude, Smoking Behavior, and Physical Activities Toward Diabetes Mellitus–Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Retno Lian Afidah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

Background: Every year an average of 9 million people suffer from Tuberculosis and about 2 million people die every year in the world. The Behavior Area is divided into attitudes and actions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between attitude, smoking behavior, physical activity and the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus–pulmonary Tuberculosis. Method: This study was an observational analytic study using a case control matching design. The research sample is 30 case samples and 30 control samples. Results: From the results of the Chi Square analysis, it is known that there is a significant relationship that is the attitude towards pulmonary Tuberculosis disease and physical activity towards pulmonary Tuberculosis (p<0.05) and there is no significant relationship (p>0.05) between smoking behavior towards Pulmonary of Diabetes Mellitus–pulmonary Tuberculosis. Odds Ratio of this study is the attitude towards pulmonary Tuberculosis disease of 3.455 and physical activity of 9.036. Conclusion: the attitude of patients with Diabetus Mellitus towards Pulmonary Tuberculosis and physical activity of patients with Diabetus Mellitus risked the incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Risk factors for diabetes mellitus and hypertension among artisans in Ogun state, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine A. Oladoyinbo ◽  
Adenike Mercy Abiodun ◽  
Mariam Oluwatoyin Oyalowo ◽  
Irene Obaji ◽  
Abisola Margaret Oyelere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Purpose This study was designed to assess the risk factors associated with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes among artisans in Ogun State, Nigeria. Evidences suggest increasing prevalence, incidences and morbidity of diabetes and HTN in Nigeria. However, the purpose of this study is to plan and prioritize effective intervention programs, there is need to provide data on the prevalence and risk factors for HTN and diabetes among local groups. Design/methodology/approach In total 300 apparently healthy artisans who have never been diagnosed of diabetes or HTN were randomly selected from five communities. A structured questionnaire was used in obtaining information on the personal characteristics of the respondents. An adapted dietary habit and lifestyle questionnaire were used to assess the dietary habits and lifestyle of the respondents. The WHO global activity questionnaire was adapted and used to gather information on the physical activity level of the respondents. Random blood glucose, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were assessed using standard instruments. Chi-square (χ2), correlations and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed to identify significant determinants of diabetes and HTN. Findings Mean age was 34.8 ± 9.9 and prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes were 1 and 4.7 per cent, respectively, while HTN and pre-HTN were 48.0 and 30.3 per cent, respectively. About half (55.7 per cent) of the respondents skip at least a meal daily and 31 per cent snack daily. Most (61.4 per cent) consume alcohol and 65.7 per cent engage in high physical activity. Abdominal obesity was significantly higher among women (p = 0.004). Using the chi-square analysis, age, abdominal obesity and educational status were factors found to be significantly associated with diabetes (p = 0.002; p = 0.007; p = 0.004) while age, gender, abdominal obesity and alcohol consumption had significant association with HTN. Although not statistically significant, respondents were 0.8, 1.0 and 1.1 times more likely to be diabetic with increasing body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and age (odd ratio (OR) = 0.78; confidence intervals (CI): 0.51-1.18; OR = 1.04; CI: 0.89-1.21; OR = 1.06; CI: 0.96-1.18, respectively). Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with HTN (OR = 1.08; CI: 1.03-1.13; p = 0.001). Also, older respondents were 1.1 times more likely of becoming hypertensive (OR = 1.07; CI: 1.02-1.11; p = 0.003). Increased risk of diabetes and HTN was found among respondents with increasing age and WC. Research limitations/implications This study was cross-sectional in design; it cannot be used to establish a cause-effect relationship between diabetes, HTN and the observed variables (anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits and lifestyle risk factors). Because of the few numbers (1 per cent) of respondents identified to be diabetic several important risk factors could not be included in the model. Practical implications An understanding of the risk factors associated with diabetes and HTN among sub-groups in the population will help to plan effective interventions targeted at specific groups. Originality/value The findings of this study show the associated risk factors for diabetes and HTN among artisans in Ogun State.

Determinants of Farmer’s Attitude to Plant Agro-forestry Trees in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
O. S. Olagunju ◽  
S. O. Olafemi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Agro Forestry

Agro-forestry trees enhance food and nutrition security, increase income and help solve land management problems. This study assessed the determinants of farmer’s attitude to plant agro-forestry trees in Giwa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State. Six (6) districts were purposively selected from the eight (8) districts in Giwa LGA. Two villages were randomly selected from each district to give a total of twelve (12) villages. Ten agroforestry farmers were selected from each village to make a total of 120 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics - Chi- square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and regression analysis. The results revealed that the mean age was 40.12 years. Chi-square analysis showed that age (χ2=18.487, P=0.001), educational level (χ2=9.656, P=0.04) were significant to farmersꞌ attitude. PPMC showed that income (r=0.181, p=0.049), membership in organization (r=0.214, P=0.02) were significant to farmersꞌ attitude. Regression analysis showed that years of experience (β=0.330, P=0.001) and constraints (β=0.246, P=0.11) were the determinants of farmers attitude. Farmers (59%) have unfavourable attitude towards tree planting. It was concluded that age group, educational level, income and membership in organization are very important and paramount in enhancing planting of agroforestry trees while years of experience and constraints faced by farmers were major determinants of famer’s attitude to planting agro-forestry trees.

scholarly journals The Association between Body Mass Index and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Wi-Young So ◽  
Alon Kalron
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Disability Level

(1) Purpose: Conflicting information exists regarding the relationship between obesity, leisure-time physical activity (PA), and disability in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We aimed to investigate the association between leisure-time PA and weight status in a relatively large cohort of PwMS. Furthermore, we examined this relationship according to the level of neurological disability. (2) Methods: The study included 238 PwMS (138 women) with a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 2.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7), mean disease duration of 6.4 (SD = 8.2) years, and mean age of 40.5 (SD = 12.9) years. Obesity was defined using two different metrics, each based on body mass index (BMI). Leisure-time PA was determined by the Godin–Shephard leisure-time PA questionnaire. Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression, the chi-square test, and Pearson coefficient correlations. (3) Results: The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) between leisure-time PA and BMI based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition was 1.070 (p = 0.844) for overweight and 1.648 (p = 0.254) for obesity. The adjusted OR was 1.126 (p = 0.763) for overweight and 1.093 (p = 0.847) for obesity after adjustment for age, gender, and disability status. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant correlation between leisure-time PA and obesity (p = 0.564) according to the BMI threshold for PwMS. The unadjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) between disability level and BMI based on the WHO definition was 1.674 (p = 0.220) for overweight and 0.618 (p = 0.460) for obesity. The adjusted OR was 1.130 (p = 0.787) for overweight and 0.447 (p = 0.234) for obesity after adjustment for age, gender, and leisure-time PA. Similarly, chi-square analysis revealed no significant correlation between disability level and obesity (p = 0.701) per the BMI threshold for PwMS. (4) Conclusions: No association was found between leisure-time PA and BMI in PwMS. An additional finding was the absence of any association between obesity and neurological disability level in the multiple sclerosis cohort.

Postoperative Subchondral Bone Marrow Lesion Is Associated With Graft Extrusion After Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3163-3169
Author(s):  
Ju-Ho Song ◽  
Seong-Il Bin ◽  
Jong-Min Kim ◽  
Bum-Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Meniscal Allograft Transplantation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Meniscal Allograft ◽  
Graft Extrusion ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Adverse effects of graft extrusion after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are difficult to assess and can be determined only in the long term using a simple radiograph. Recently, subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have been used to evaluate the outcomes or prognoses of various knee surgeries. However, whether subchondral BMLs on MRI scans reflect the effects of allograft extrusion remains unclear. Hypothesis: Subchondral BML in the lateral compartment of the knee joint on postoperative MRI scans would be associated with graft extrusion after lateral MAT. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Overall, 170 patients with lateral MAT between 2008 and 2013 were classified into extrusion (≥3 mm) and nonextrusion (<3 mm) groups based on findings on MRI scans obtained 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Subchondral BMLs in the lateral compartment were evaluated on the latest MRI scans. To exclude any bone marrow signal changes other than those caused by allograft extrusion, the latest MRI scans were compared with those obtained 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Only subchondral BMLs that occurred after that time point were counted. The association between allograft extrusion and subchondral BML was assessed using chi-square analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to control other related factors, including age, sex, body mass index, time from previous meniscectomy, alignment, and cartilage status at the time of MAT. Clinical outcomes according to subchondral BML were evaluated using the Lysholm score. Results: Of the 170 patients, 20 (11.8%) had subchondral BML on the latest MRI scans at a mean 53.6 ± 31.2 months postoperatively, with 14 and 6 patients in the extrusion and nonextrusion groups, respectively. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between allograft extrusion and subchondral BMLs ( P = .025). Logistic regression analysis showed that extrusion and age were significant factors associated with subchondral BML ( P = .011 and .004, respectively). However, no differences were observed in the Lysholm scores in accordance with the subchondral BML ( P = .248). Conclusion: Subchondral BMLs on postoperative MRI scans were associated with graft extrusion after lateral MAT. However, there was no difference in clinical outcomes according to subchondral BML.

Comparing High and Low Acculturated Mothers and Physical Activity in Hispanic Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s2) ◽  
pp. S206-S213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Olvera ◽  
Dennis W. Smith ◽  
Chanam Lee ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jay Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Maternal Acculturation ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background:Parents represent a key ecological component in influencing their child’s physical activity. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the relationship between maternal acculturation and physical activity in Hispanic children.Methods:102 Hispanic mothers (mean age 36.2 yrs; +SD 7.3 yrs) and their children (mean age 10.0 yrs, +SD 0.8 yrs) participated. Most of the mothers (74%) were foreign-born, with 62% classified as low acculturated and 38% high acculturated. Demographic, acculturation, and anthropometric measures were completed by mothers and children. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Relationships between maternal acculturation and demographic variables and children’s physical activity were examined using chi-square, Analysis of Variance, and simple regression.Results:Children had higher physical activity levels than their mothers (t(49) = −7.87, P < .0001). Significant correlations between maternal and child’s physical activity levels were observed in moderate (r2 = 0.13, P = .001), vigorous (r2 = 0.08, P = .05), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (r2 = 0.17, P = .002). Low acculturated mothers were more likely to have active children compared with high acculturated mothers. Maternal BMI and other demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with child’s physical activity.Conclusions:Findings from this study revealed an association among maternal acculturation, role modeling, and child’s physical activity.

scholarly journals Awareness and Adherence to Government Guidelines on Physical Activity by American Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1293-1293
Author(s):  
Teresia Mbogori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Objectives U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides physical activity guidelines for Americans. Current guidelines recommend at least 30–60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity 5 days a week. This level of physical activity is associated with reduction of many adverse health outcomes. This study sought to investigate the awareness and adherence to these guidelines by adults in the United States. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-5 Cycle 3), a nationally-representative survey administered by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Data were collected between January and May 2019 among 5438 adults. Participants were asked if they were aware of government guidelines on physical activity, where they had heard this information and the action they took. In addition, participants were asked the number of days in a week they were physically active or exercised and for how long. Descriptive and Chi square statistics were used to determine the level of awareness and adherence to physical activity guidelines and the relationship between awareness and actions taken. Results About 36% of the participants stated that they had not heard about government recommendations on physical activity. 46% stated that they heard about the guidelines but did not make any changes to their physical activity routine while 5.3% stated that they increased their physical activity. Sources of this information were, television (34%), social media or internet (25%), health professionals or doctor (24%), and magazines (19%). About 54% of the participants reported that they were physically active 3 or more days per week while 26% stated that they did no physical activity. About 68.4% of those who reported exercising did so for 30–60 minutes while 15% exercised for more than 60 minutes per day. Chi square analysis showed that a higher percentage of those who reported not exercising at all also reported that they had not heard about the government recommendations of physical activity (X2 = 29.6; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions There still remains a considerable section of the population that is not aware of the government guidelines on physical activity. There is need for continued public education on the benefits of physical activity and the amount of physical activity that is likely to result in such benefits. Funding Sources None.

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