Control of bacterial pathogens isolated from water using Actinomycetes extracts at Egerton University, Kenya

Diseases are the worst enemy to man currently. This study was aimed at isolating pathogenic bacteria from water obtained from shallow wells in Dundori Kenya. Also, the study aimed at testing the isolates for sensitivity to antibiotic metabolites previously extracted from Actinomycetes isolates from soils of Egerton University. Water samples were collected from shallow wells randomly selected from Dundori and abbreviated as A, B, C, D, and E. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from the water samples using the membrane filtration technique. The isolates were characterized using biochemical means. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was carried out using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Comparison of means was carried out using one way ANOVA. Shallow wells B, D and E were highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Biochemical characterization of the isolates indicated that the most common isolates were Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. There was no significant difference between the zones of inhibition produced by the antibiotic metabolites (F=2.149 P=1340) when tested against the test isolates. There were no significant differences between the MIC's of the antibiotic metabolites on the bacterial pathogens (F=2.01 P=0.15). Water from some shallow wells in Dundori is highly contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus. The pathogens can effectively be controlled using antibiotics from the Actinomycetes. There is a need to sensitize the residents of the study area on ways of preventing seepage of contaminants into the shallow wells.

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HPTLC AND GC-MS PROFILE OF BARLERIA LUPULINA LINDL. EXTRACTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON ENTERIC BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Journal of Applied Pharmacy ◽

10.21065/19204159.8.61 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Reshma Kumari ◽

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

The antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol, and water-soluble extracts of both leaf and stem of Barleria lupulina were evaluated against some human pathogens viz., Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest antibacterial activities were exhibited at 100% concentrationof all the extracts against the bacterial pathogens. Acetone-soluble leaf (AL) and acetone-soluble stem (AS) extracts caused the maximum zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa, and methanol-soluble leaf (ML) and methanol-soluble stem (MS) extracts against of Salmonella typhi. However, Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited by all the extracts.

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In-vitro Antibacterial and Synergistic Activities of Extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum with Selected Antibiotics on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2021/v10i230227 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-44

Author(s):

Nnamchi Chukwudi I. ◽

Igu Ebenezer K. ◽

Akpi Uchenna K. ◽

Amadi Onyetugo C. ◽

Ugwu Kenneth

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Antimicrobial Property ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial activities of extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum, as well as their synergistic activities with some selected antibiotics against the bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Study Design: Onions (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) were used in this study. The study assessed how extracts of the plants alone or in combination with some commonly used antibiotics inhibited the growth of some bacterial pathogens using agar well diffusion method. Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka over a period of 6 months. Methodology: Extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum were obtained using ethanol, methanol and water (aqueous). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out by agar well diffusion technique. Results: All extracts obtained showed evidence of antimicrobial property measured as the Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) on the test microorganisms. Values of these IZDs showed remarkable increases when used synergistically with antibiotics. For instance, aqueous extract of Allium sativum increased from a mean value of 16.5mm at 1.0mg/ml to values of 30.0mm and 38.0mm when used with tetracycline and ampicloxacillin respectively against Escherichia coli. The MIC and MBC values also dropped progressively, indicating that fewer synergistic mixtures were required to exert the same effects on the tested organisms. The phytochemical analysis strongly indicated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids, among other plant metabolites. Conclusion: This result indicates that Allium cepa and Allium sativum showed strong antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens E. coli and S. aureus; and that synergism of the extracts with some antibiotics improved those activities. The potential of developing antimicrobials from these plants appears promising.

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Identification and antibiogram study of bacterial species isolated from milk samples of different locations in Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26462 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 457-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽

Nathu Ram Sarker ◽

Razia Khatun ◽

Mohammed Khorshed Alam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Milk Samples ◽

First Choice

Cows milk containing pathogenic bacteria is an important threat to the consumers. The objectives of the present study were to identify the bacterial agents of public health importance in milk samples (n=35) of different locations and to determine their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The milk samples were collected and transported aseptically and subsequently allowed for culture in bacteriological media, Grams staining and biochemical tests for the identification of bacterial species. The bacteria identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and their prevalence, in case of vendor milk specimens (n=28), were 96.43%, 53.57% and 35.71% respectively, and of brand milk specimens (n=7), were 42.86 %, 28.57% and 0%, respectively. This suggests that cautionary measures should be taken for quality milk production and consumption. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method and the average inhibition zones, in case of Staphylococcus aureus, were 32 mm for oxytetracycline, 26 mm for amoxicillin, 35 mm for ciprofloxacin, 27 mm for cefotaxime, 30 mm for ceftriaxone, 30 mm for azithromycin, and 26 mm for erythromycin; in case of Escherichia coli, were 5 mm for oxytetracycline, 9 mm for amoxicillin, 22 mm for ciprofloxacin, 30 mm for cefotaxime, 31 mm for ceftriaxone, 15 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin; in case of Salmonella typhi., were 25 mm for oxytetracycline, 24 mm for amoxicillin, 38 mm for ciprofloxacin, 31 mm for cefotaxime, 34 mm for ceftriaxone, 24 mm for azithromycin, and 0 mm for erythromycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be the antibiotics of first choice, and cefotaxime and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 457-462

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Uji Bioaktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa murni dari Jamur Endofit Sporothrix sp Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus

Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia ◽

10.31258/dli.6.1.p.37-44 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Dewi Yudiana Shinta ◽

Yusmarini Yusmarini ◽

Herix Sonata MS ◽

Hilwan Yuda Teruna ◽

Saryono Saryono

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Positive Control ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

New Drugs ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pure Compounds ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Modern medicines that are developing now come from active ingredients isolated from plants that require large amounts of plants. The development of new drugs from endophytic fungi found obstacles in the amount of pure compounds produced. Therefore further research is needed by using endophytic fungi as a new antimicrobial producer. This study aims to see the ability or activity of pure compounds produced by Sporothrix sp endophytic fungi from Dahlia tuber (Dahlia variabilis). Test the activity of pure compounds produced by Sporothrix sp. Endophytic fungi on E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus determined by disc diffusion method. With doses of 10, 30 and 50μg/disk. In Escherichia coli bacteria doses 10 and 50μg/disk gave significant inhibition of pure compounds from isolation compared to the positive control of ciprofloxacin, which was marked by a statistically significant test result (p <0.05). In contrast to Staphylococcus aureus there was no significant difference in doses of both doses of 10.30 and 50μg/disk. Determination of pure compounds was carried out by HPLC and Infra Red Spectrophotometry.

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PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN USING CARALLUMA ADSCENDENS VAR. ATTENUATA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i9.37976 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 120-123

Author(s):

SUNDAR MADASAMY ◽

SURESH SUNDAN ◽

LINGAKUMAR KRISHNASAMY

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Cold Cream ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vancomycin Resistant

Objective: A simple formulation of cold cream from methanolic extract Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata (MECA) and their antimicrobial activity was tested against various clinical pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans. Methods: Methanol extract of these plant extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method. We analyzed phytochemical nature of theses plant, and subsequently, a cream was formulated cold-cream C. adscendens var. attenuata (FCA) different concentration such as FCA 50 mg, FCA 100 mg, and FCA 200 mg. In the present study, aimed to the antimicrobial activity of cold cream was measured by agar well diffusion method, and standard antibiotic Neosporin (market available) cream was used as positive control and dummy cold cream (without-MECA) were used as the negative control. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the plant extracts were found a rich source of secondary metabolites. For more, the efficacy of cold cream from MECA extracts to against the clinical pathogen. Positive control Neosporin and 200 mg FCA cream was a highly significant difference in the zone of inhibition when compared to dummy cream. The 200 mg FCA was activity against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and C. albicans highly significantly difference (p<0.05) compared FCA 50 mg and FAC 100 mg creams. Conclusion: The results from this study suggested that the cold cream form base of MECA crude had antimicrobial activity in the different clinical pathogen. They could be used as an alternative source to conventional antimicrobial agents for the treatment of pathological infection.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens and Detection of Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Hospital Wastewater

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8030085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hercules Sakkas ◽

Petros Bozidis ◽

Afrodite Ilia ◽

George Mpekoulis ◽

Chrissanthy Papadopoulou

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Vancomycin Resistant

During a six-month period (October 2017–March 2018), the prevalence and susceptibility of important pathogenic bacteria isolated from 12 hospital raw sewage samples in North Western Greece was investigated. The samples were analyzed for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CKP), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar diffusion method according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The diversity of carbapenemases harboring K. pneumoniae was examined by two phenotyping screening methods (modified Hodge test and combined disk test), a new immunochromatographic rapid assay (RESIST-4 O.K.N.V.) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results demonstrated the prevalence of MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), VRE, and CKP in the examined hospital raw sewage samples. In addition, the aforementioned methods which are currently used in clinical laboratories for the rapid identification and detection of resistant bacteria and genes, performed sufficiently to provide reliable results in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

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Antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide extract of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaf gel against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v7i2.49444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Didarul Haque ◽

Abu Md Mayeenuddin Al Amin ◽

Baishakhi Islam ◽

Nazia Nazneen ◽

Syeda Noorjahan Karim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli

An exploratory study based on laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the antibacterial effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extract of Aloe vera leaf gel (DAE) against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. DMSO extract was used in five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml). Dose dependent inhibitory effect was seen against the test organisms using disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) were 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm and 21 mm against S. aureus; 0 mm, 8 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm and 18 mm against P. aeruginosa; 8 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm against E. coli; 0 mm, 9 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm and 18 mm against K. pneumoniae at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by broth dilution technique. The MICs of DAE for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 300 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 450 μg/ml respectively. From the study it was observed that DMSO extract of Aloe vera leaf gel possesses antibacterial effect against the test pathogens. The findings highlight the need for further extensive study to detect and isolate the biologically active ingredients present in the Aloe vera leaves which are responsible for antibacterial effect. Hopefully, that would lead to the discovery of new and more potent antimicrobial agents originated from Aloe vera. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 67-74

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Antibacterial activity of different extract of medicinal plant Antirrihnum Orontium.

Journal Of Tropical Pharmacy And Chemistry ◽

10.25026/jtpc.v5i1.221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Himayat Ullah ◽

Shehzad Saleem ◽

Wisal Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Hanif ◽

Zahid Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Water Extracts ◽

The Family ◽

Quaternary Base ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Antirrhinum Orontium is belonging to the family Plantaginacea commonly known as lesser snapdragon which is a flowering plant belong to genus Antirrhinum. It was traditionally used in treatment of Tumor, Eye inflammation and Ulcer. Antirrhinum Orontium is contain mostly tertiary alkaloids bases one of them is identified as 4-methyl-2, 6-naphthyridine and Choline is identified as quaternary base. The recent study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Ethyl acetate, Dichloromethane, Hexane and Water extracts of Antirrhinum Orontium, against the pathogen like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both the Soxhlet and Maceration water extract were found most active from the other extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by using agar well diffusion method. The measured zone of inhibition for Soxhlet water extract is 21±0.05mm and Maceration water extract is 20±0.05mm against gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, while for gram negative Escherichia coli 23±0.05mm is measured for Soxlet and 21±0.05mm measured for Maceration water extracts

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ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI DARI BAKTERI YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS Phyllospongia lamellose SERTA IDENTIFIKASI SECARA BIOKIMIA

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Sela S Lempoy ◽

Widya A Lolo ◽

Paulina V. Y. Yamlean

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Identification Stage

ABSTRACT Sponges are one source of producing bioactive components from the sea. Bacteria Symbiosis with sponges are thought to have the potential to produce bioactive compounds that have been isolated from sponges. One of the potential of bioactive compounds which have been found and developed from sponges was antibacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of bacteria associated with Phyllospongia lamellose sponges against pathogenic bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli and then proceed with identification of biochemistry in isolates which showed the greatest inhibitory activity. Three isolates of sponges symbiont bacteria were obtained through the isolation and purification stage which were then followed by testing of antibacterial activity with paper disk diffusion method. The antibacterial test results showed the diameter of the inhibitory zone against Staphylococcus aureus, were: SL1(8.67 mm), SL2 (9.33 mm) and SL3(9.00 mm) categorized as medium. Whereas the inhibiotion zone shown on Esherichia coli bacteria is also classified as medium, were: SL1(9.67 mm), SL2 (9.00 mm) and SL3 (9.33 mm). The three isolates continued to the identification stage biochemically. Each isolation was assumed as follows: Desulfotomaculum (SL1), Brochothrix (SL2) and Sulfidobacillus (SL3). Keyword :Phyllospongia lamellose, isolation, biochemically identification ABSTRAK Spons merupakan salah satu sumber penghasil komponen bioaktif yang berasal dari laut. Bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan spons diduga memiliki potensi dalam menghasilkan senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang telah diisolasi dari spons. Potensi senyawa bioaktif yang telah ditemukan dan dikembangkan dari spons salah satunya ialah sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons Phyllospongia lamellose terhadap bakteri patogen yakni Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi secara biokimia pada isolat yang menunjukkan daya hambat terbesar. Diperoleh 3 isolat bakteri simbion spons melalui tahap isolasi dan purifikasi yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri melalui metode difusi kertas cakram. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yaitu: SL1(8.67 mm), SL2(9.33 mm) dan SL3 (9.00 mm) termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Sedangkan zona hambat yang ditunjukkan terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli juga tergolong kategori sedang yaitu: SL1(9.67 mm), SL2(9.00 mm) dan SL3 (9.33 mm). Ketiga isolat dilanjutkan ke tahap identifikasi secara biokimia. Masing-masing isolat diduga sebagai berikut: Desulfotomaculum (SL1), Brochothrix (SL2) dan Sulfidobacillus (SL3). Kata kunci :Phyllospongia lamellose, isolasi, identifikasi biokimia.

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Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. (Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli)

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.10.1.2020.27652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Alce Magani ◽

Trina Tallei ◽

Beivy Kolondam

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Test ◽

E Coli ◽

Inhibition Of Growth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Way Anova

Uji Antibakteri Nanopartikel Kitosan terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.(Antibacterial Test of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli) Alce K. Magani*, Trina E. Tallei, Beivy J. KolondamProgram Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] (Article History: Received 30-12-2019; Revised 15-01-2020; Accepted 23-01-2020) Abstrak Antibakteri merupakan zat yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan dapat membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi. Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi atau penyakit dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas bakteri patogen dengan memakai nanopartikel kitosan sebagai antibakteri yang dibuat dalam empat konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) serta penggunaan kontrol asam asetat 1%, ciprofloxacin dan air steril sebagai pembanding. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode gelasi ionik untuk pembuatan nanopartikel kitosan dan difusi agar untuk pengujian antibakteri. Data dianalisis dengan One Way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian diperoleh penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan diameter zona hambat hari pertama sampai hari ketiga 12,31 mm, 9,98 mm, dan 20,46 mm pada S. aureus dan 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, dan 20,43 mm pada E. coli, kategori kuat, dan bersifat bakteriostatik dan penghambatan terendah pada konsentrasi 2% dengan diameter zona hambat pada S. aureus yaitu 5,56 mm, 5,50 mm, dan 5,40 mm, dan pada E. coli yaitu 5,93 mm, 9,64 mm, dan 12,58 mm, kategori sedang, dan bersifat bakteriostatik. Kata kunci: Kitosan, nanopartikel kitosan, aktivitas antibakteri. Abstract Antibacteria is a substance that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and able to kill bacteria that cause infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria that able to cause infections or diseases. This study aimed to examine the activity of pathogenic bacteria by using chitosan nanoparticles as antibacterial. The treatments were made in four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and, for comparison, there were also acetic acid control, ciprofloxacin and sterile water. The research method used is the ionic gelation method for the manufacture of chitosan nanoparticles and agar diffusion for antibacterial testing. Data were analyzed with One Way Anova followed by LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. The results showed the highest inhibition of growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, with a diameter of inhibition zones of the first day to the third day of 12.31 mm, 9.98 mm, and 20.46 mm in S. aureus and 15,88 mm, 18,71 mm, and 20,43 mm in E. coli, the strong category, and are bacteriostatic and the lowest inhibition was at 2% concentration with inhibition zone diameters in S. aureus namely 5.568 mm, 5.50 mm, and 5, 40 mm, and in E. coli, 5.93 mm, 9.63 mm and 12.58 mm, the medium category and bacteriostatic.Key words: Chitosan, nanoparticles chitosan, antibacterial activity.

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